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All Journal Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Al-'Adl Qisthosia Agrisintech (Journal of Agribusiness and Agrotechnology) Indonesian Capital Market Review
Marwadi Marwadi, Marwadi
STAIN Purwokerto
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Pembaruan Kriteria Visibilitas Hilal dan Peluangnya terhadap Penyatuan Kalender Hijriyah di Indonesia (Studi Pemikiran LP2IF-RHI) Marwadi, Marwadi
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 7 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3331.274 KB) | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v7i1.583

Abstract

Perbedaan metode penentuan awal bulan Hijriyah di Indonesia, khususnya Ramadhan dan Syawal sampai sekarang masih terjadi. Hal ini disebabkan karena penganut metode hisab yang direpresentasikan oleh Muhammadiyah dan Persis dengan penganut rukyat yang direpresentasikan oleh NU belum bersatu. Untuk menyatukan metode penentuan awal bulan tersebut, Kementerian Agama menggunakan kriteria visibilitas hilal: tinggi bulan minimal 2o, beda azimuth bulan-matahari minimal 3o, dan umur bulan saat matahari terbenam minimal 8 jam pasca ijtimak. Dari beberapa penelitian, hasil rukyat hilal dengan kriteria Kementerian Agama masih lemah validitasnya dari aspek astronomis. Perbaikan kriteria visibilitas hilal dilakukan oleh Lembaga Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Ilmu Falak-Rukyatul Hilal Indonesia (LP2IF-RHI) dengan kriteria tinggi minimum 3,60o untuk beda azimuth bulan–matahari 7,53o, hingga maksimum 9,38o untuk beda azimuth bulan–matahari 0o. Kriteria visibilitas hilal ini mempunyai peluang besar untuk menyatukan kalender Hijriyah karena ormas besar seperti NU dan Persis sudah menggunakan kriteria visibilitas hilal. Jika Muhammadiyah mau merubah kriteria hisabnya dari hisab wujudul hilal ke hisab dengan kriteria visibilitas hilal, penyatuan kalender Hijriyah dapat terwujud.
Materi dan Pendekatan Kajian Fikih Hisab Rukyat di Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Marwadi, Marwadi
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 5 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1025.819 KB) | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v5i1.651

Abstract

Tujuan utama didirikannya Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam adalah untuk menyiapkan peserta didik menjadi anggota masyarakat yang memiliki kemampuan akademik dan menciptakan ilmu pengetahuan agama Islam, serta mengembangkan dan menyebarluaskan ilmu pengetahuan agama Islam serta mengupayakan penggunaannya untuk meningkatkan taraf kehidupan masyarakat dan memperkaya kebudayaan nasional. Harapan pertama berkaitan dengan pengembangan kajian Islam secara akademis-ilmiah, kedua berkaitan dengan kontribusi nyata lembaga terhadap masyarakat sekitar. Fiqih hisab rukyat masuk dalam pembidangan ilmu agama Islam. Idealnya, lembaga PTAI yang bernaung di bawah Departemen Agama, mengembangkan fiqih hisab rukyat yang merupakan bidang ilmu yang tercantum dalam keputusan tersebut. Apalagi pembidangan ilmu ini disempurnakan dan sekaligus disetujui oleh Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Dalam pengembangan fiqih hisab rukyat, PTAI dihadapkan pada berbagai persoalan. Pertama bahwa perkembangan fiqih hisab rukyat paska Ulugh Beg telah menurun karena menurunnya vitalitas peradaban Islam dan munculnya dikotomi antara agama dan sains yang pada gilirannya melahirkan pemisahan antara ilmu falak dan ilmu astronomi, minimnya peminat fiqih hisab rukyat di PTAI dan sedikitnya literatur fiqih hisab rukyat yang menjadi referensi perkuliahan fiqih hisab rukyat di PTAI yang berbahasa Indonesia. Mulai tahun 1983, muncul buku fiqih hisab rukyat yang digunakan di PTAI yaitu Ilmu Falak karya Abdurrahim, Ilmu Falak karya M. Sayuti Ali tahun 1997, Ilmu Falak: Teori Dan Praktek karya Susiknan Azhari tahun 2001, Ilmu Falak: Teori Dan Praktek karya Muhyiddin Khazin tahun 2004, Hisab Rukyat Dan Aplikasinya karya Encup Supriatna tahun 2007, Ilmu Falak Praktis karya Moh. Murtadho tahun 2008, Ilmu Falak (Teori Dan Aplikasi) karya A. Jamil tahun 2009 dan Ilmu Falak karya Maskufa tahun 2009. Namun dengan munculnya banyak literatur fiqih hisab rukyat tersebut juga dibarengi dengan materi yang komprehensif dan pendekatan yang empiris? Dari enam buku fiqih hisab rukyat yang diuraikan, empat buku masuk kategori komprehensif yaitu buku fiqih hisab rukyat yang digunakan di UIN Jakarta, UIN Yogyakarta, UIN Malang dan STAIN Metro lampung. Sedang dua lainnya tidak komprehensif yaitu buku fiqih hisab rukyat yang digunakan di UIN Bandung dan IAIN Banten. Pendekatan kajian yang sangat empiris digunakan dalam dua buku fiqih hisab rukyat yaitu yang ada di UIN Yogyakarta dan UIN Malang, yang cukup empiris ada pada buku fiqih hisab rukyat yang digunakan pada UIN Jakarta, UIN Bandung dan STAIN Metro Lampung. Sedang yang tidak empiris ada pada buku fiqih hisab rukyat yang digunakan pada IAIN Banten.
Aplikasi Teori Geodesi dalam Perhitungan Arah Kiblat: Studi untuk Kota Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Banyumas, Cilacap, Kebumen Marwadi, Marwadi
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 8 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (297.712 KB) | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v8i2.416

Abstract

Para ulama sepakat bahwa menghadap kiblat menjadi syarat sahnya salat, tetapi mereka tidak sepakat bahwa orang yang salat wajib menghadap ke bangunan Ka’bah atau ke arah Ka’bah. Untuk kesempurnaan ibadah, diperlukan usaha mencari arah kiblat yang tepat. Teori yang biasa digunakan untuk menghitung arah kiblat adalah teori ilmu ukur segitiga bola (spherical trigonometry). Sekarang, teori geodesi dengan rumus vincenty menjadi teori yang lebih akurat digunakan untuk menghitung arah kiblat daripada teori spherical trigonometry. Tulisan ini berusaha menggambarkan penggunaan teori geodesi dalam perhitungan arah kiblat untuk kota Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Banyumas, Cilacap dan Kebumen. Teori geodesi menghasilkan arah kiblat untuk kota Banjarnegara 294°40’01.042”, Purbalingga 294°44’11.376”, Banyumas 294°45’25,582”, Cilacap 294°54’21.568”, dan Kebumen 294°44’16.752”. Jika arah kiblat tersebut dibandingkan dengan arah kiblat yang selama ini dipedomani, maka terdapat selisih rata-rata 0°7’32.74”. Dengan adanya hasil perhitungan yang mempunyai tingkat akurasi lebih tinggi, tentu akan menambah keyakinan dalam beribadah, walaupun arah kiblat yang selama ini menjadi pedoman juga masih dalam lingkup menghadap kiblat.
Interkoneksi Fikih Hisab Rukyat dan Ilmu Geodesi Marwadi, Marwadi
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 12 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (747.067 KB) | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v12i2.1768

Abstract

Islamic studies, including fiqh, using an integration-interconnection approach with other sciences are important to do to get a more complete perspective. One of them is the interconnection of “hisab-rukyat” fiqh with geodesy. In general, the study of the Qibla direction, the beginning of prayer times, the beginning of the qamariah month, and eclipses in “hisab-rukyat” fiqh, uses the general formula of spherical trigonometry with a round earth reference. Round earth references in the study of the region differ from the real condition of the earth in the form of an ellipsoid as described in geodesy. To get more valid results, it is important to convert latitude and place height. The latitude of the place obtained by reference or GPS is the geodetic latitude with the earth reference in the form of an ellipsoid, whereas the spherical trigonometry formula refers to the shape of a round Earth. The place height obtained through GPS is the ellipsoid height, not the desired orthometric height (above the average surface of sea water). By converting these data, studies of the “hisab-rukyat” fiqh can be more valid. By increasing the validity of the calculation results, the interconnection between “hisab-rukyat” fiqh and geodesy appears in the form of complementation, meaning that data and findings of geodesy can complement data and analysis in “hisab-rukyat” fiqh, so that it is possible to draw more valid conclusions.
Konversi Kalender dari Hijriyah ke Masehi Marwadi, Marwadi
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 3 No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4292.843 KB) | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v3i1.3679

Abstract

A method to define the first day of Qomariyah or Hijriyah months is by rukyatul hilal. It will be esmore perfect when it uses a contemporary hisab method. The data from contemporary hisab sourc (Ephemis and Nautica almanac) are in Masehi calendar system. To find out data for doing the hisab we have to convert from Hijriyah calendar to Masehi calendar.
Argumen A Fortiori dan Argumen A Contrario dalam Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif Marwadi, Marwadi
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 2 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3962.007 KB) | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v2i1.3694

Abstract

Understanding a law is not only to know explicitly but also to know implicitly. It can be used for finding out the ‘law cause’ or illat as the cause for analogizing the situation. In Islamic law the study of enlarging understanding is wider than positive law since there is a difference between analogical interpretation and a fortiori argument.
Renewing the Thoughts of the Hijri Calendar of Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama and Persatuan Islam and Its Implications for Realization of National Hijri Calendar Marwadi, Marwadi
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol 15 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v15i1.4870

Abstract

This paper discusses the issue of renewing the thought of Hijri calendar by Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Persatuan Islam and its implications for the existence of a national Hijri calendar. The focus of this paper is to highlight changes in methods and criteria, reference algorithms and the scope of the calendar application area. The main problem in this paper is how Muhammadiyah, NU and Persatuan Islam reform the Hijri calendar thoughts and what are the implications for the realization of the national Hijri calendar. The results of this study indicate that both Muhammadiyah, NU, and Persatuan Islam have updated the Hijri calendar's thought, both in the aspects of methods and criteria, algorithm references and the scope of the calendar application area, which leads to the conformity of the calendar concept that is normatively and scientifically appropriate. The renewal of thought is caused mass organizations face problems with the methods and criteria for determining the beginning of the month in the Hijri calendar. The renewal of thought also influenced by advances in science and technology. However, because this renewal has not been supported by the similar epistemology of determining the beginning of the month and the identity politics of mass organizations, the opportunity to realize a national Hijri calendar is still very unlikely.
Jakarta Interbank Spot Dollar Rate (JISDOR) as The Reference Rate: Is It Effective? Marwadi, Marwadi; Rokhim, Rofikoh
Indonesian Capital Market Review Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study analyze the influence of non-deliverable forward (NDF) and the spot rate of USD/IDR against Bank Indonesia reference rate, Jakarta Interbank Spot Dollar Rate (JISDOR). NDF which came earlier than JISDOR is used by the market participant as the reference rate. The simple method of NDF determination had a great impact on the volatility of the rupiah currency, pushing the Bank Indonesia to issue its own reference currency. JISDOR is an indication of the rates issued by Bank Indonesia as the reference rate for the foreign exchange market in domestic and overseas. The method of creating the reference rate is by weighting the average rate of real transactions through a monitoring system which is managed by the central bank. However, the question arises: what should be done by the monetary authority when there is a party outside the jurisdiction issued the NDF rate as a benchmark that may affect the domestic exchange rate of rupiah in accordance with the desired agenda of the party. We use OLS and ARCH/GARCH to see if independent variables have an influence on dependent variable. Granger Causality test is also used to observe whether there are any relations among the variables.
Diversity of Worship Fatwas During the Covid-19 Pandemic at the Institution of The Indonesian Ulama Council Marwadi, Marwadi; Labib, Mughni
Al-'Adl Vol 17, No 2 (2024): Al-'Adl
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31332/aladl.v17i2.9363

Abstract

Fatwa is an Islamic legal consideration that is conveyed by a mufti or scholar, individually or collectively and becomes an answer to questions and to respond to problems that occur in society. The MUI fatwa is a fatwa that is quite significant when the Covid-19 pandemic occurred in the world, including in Indonesia. However, the fatwa that has been issued by the Central MUI as a guideline for the Muslim community in carrying out worship activities during the Covid-19 pandemic season is not necessarily followed and socialized by the MUI institutional level at the regional level. Some of the central MUI fatwas differ from those issued by regional MUIs, such as the fatwa on holding worship at home, wavy Friday prayers, and the use of the astrazeneca vaccine. The reason for the difference between the Central MUI and the MUI is because each MUI institution has a different typology and point of view. For the same case, a different typology produces a different fatwa, as in the difference in the fatwa prohibiting congregational prayers at the mosque between the traditional thinking typology of the West Sumatra MUI and the moderate thinking typology. Likewise, different perspectives can also lead to differences in fatwas between the Central MUI and regional MUI, such as the case of the halal status of the astrazeneca vaccine between the Central MUI and the East Java MUI. The same typology of thought, namely the moderate typology, but with a different point of view produces a different fatwa. Then in the case of the fatwa prohibition of Friday prayers, the waves are more due to conditions of social change. The central MUI fatwa prohibits wavy Friday prayers because they appear under normal circumstances while the fatwa allows wavy Friday prayers because there is an outbreak of Covid-19 even though in fact both of them have a moderate typology of thinking.
Saadoe’ddin Djambek's Thoughts on Calculating the Beginning of the Hijri Month Marwadi, Marwadi; Mughni Labib
QISTHOSIA : Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46870/jhki.v6i1.1515

Abstract

The determination of the beginning of the Hijri month is important for Muslims as the basis for performing several religious rituals. There are two major schools of thought that are the source of debate in determining the beginning of the Hijri month, namely the rukyat school and the hisab school. Hisab is divided into hisab urfi and hisab hakiki. Hisab hakiki is further categorised into hisab hakiki taqribi, hisab hakiki tahqiqi, and hisab hakiki kontemporer. One of the data sources for hisab hakiki kontemporer is the Nautical Almanac, which was first developed in Indonesia by Saadoe’ddin Djambek as one of the innovators in hisab thought. One of the ideas proposed by Saadoe’ddin Djambek is the renewal of the calculation of the beginning of the Hijri month. This paper will discuss the calculation of the beginning of the Hijri month in Saadoe’ddin Djambek’s thinking. This research is a literature review with primary data sources from Saadoe’ddin Djambek’s writings and secondary data sources from other writings related to this theme. The data collection method involves documentation, with data analysis using content analysis techniques. The research indicates that Saadoe’ddin Djambek’s approach to calculating the beginning of the Hijri month is a contemporary method, and his data and methodologies play a significant role in determining the onset of the month. The theory of the calculation of the beginning of the month proposed by Saadoe’ddin Djambek provides a relatively new foundation for thinking about the calculation of the beginning of the month at that time, as it is derived from an integrated understanding between experts in calculation and experts in astronomy. Saadoe’ddin Djambek’s calculation method is among those whose accuracy is not significantly different from other methods of calculating the beginning of the month, such as the Ephemeris system. Therefore, this method remains viable for use despite being proposed in the 1970s.
Co-Authors ANDI MASNANG, ANDI ansori ansori Labib, Mughni Mughni Labib Pasril Wahid Rofikoh Rokhim