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Articles 14 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 1 (2011)" : 14 Documents clear

Effects of Adhesives on Quality Biomass Briquette Abdurrouf Abdurrouf; Istiroyah Istiroyah; Gancang Saroja
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Production of briquettes from organic waste with starch as an adhesive, has been done. The briquette's quality is improved by (i) the milling of organic waste is conducted in dry phase, and (ii) the mixing between organic waste and starch as an adhesive is carried out on raw phase. This study shows that the best briquette was obtained when the ratio of organic wastes - starch was 10:3. In such composition, mass of the produced briquette was more than 50% of the mass of organic waste. For more improvement, it is necessary to find a better pressing and drying technique. It is also need to make briquette in large numbers to improve its characterization.

Enzymatic Reaction Model Parameter Estimation of Biodiesel Synthesis Using Particle Swarm Optimization Syaiful Anam; Indah Yanti; Wuryansari Muharini K.
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

The increasing number of vehicles and industries that emit exhaust gas emissions that cause air pollution close to the threshold of a dangerous man. Oil exploration major cause rapid depletion of petroleum. The discovery of biodiesel provides an alternative solution to the above, because biodiesel can reduce exhaust emissions and is a renewable alternative energy. Synthesis biodiesel can be done through an enzyme reaction that utilizes so-called biodiesel synthesis enzymatic reaction. Valid model enzymatic reaction is the key in the process of biodiesel synthesis reaction. This enzymatic reaction model contains the parameters to be estimated. Therefore, the determination of the parameters (parameter estimation) is an important enzyme kinetic. Parameter estimation can be performed using local optimization algorithms, but this algorithm has the major drawback is the optimal value obtained is a local optimal value. Therefore, in this research have been applied to global optimization algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization for parameter estimation because it has the ability to find solutions quickly. Based on the simulation results obtained by the best parameter estimates as follows: k1=0.05000000000, k2=0.11000000000, k3=0.215000000000, k4=1.22799999999995, k5=0.24200000000000, k6=0.007000000000 and Sum Square Error is 2.51 x 10-27.

Mechanical Properties Characterizations of Cassava Starch using Glycerol and Sorbitol Plasticizer Lailatin Nuriyah; Siti Jazimah Iswarin; Wiyono Wiyono
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Bioplastic is a kind of plastic that biodegradable, and is made from renewable materials. This experiment has been intended to produce bioplastic from biopolymer such as: cassava flour, gelatin, jelly, with glycerol and sorbitol plasticizers. The basic materials (flour, gelatin, and jelly) compared to plasticizer is 3:2. The first sample is made with various amounts of gelatin and cassava flour, with a certain amount of plasticizer; the second sample is made with basic material are fixed, and plasticizer are varied. Syntheses were done by blending method at 90 °C. The mixing is done until the solution is homogeny, and then casting into the caster. The characterization mechanical test includes strain and stress with prior heating at 5°C, 25 °C and 45 °C. Strain test maximum is 2,456 N/mm2 for sample K3-L with prior heating at 45°C, and maximum stress of 115 % for sample K5-L at 25 °C. The Influence of variation of flour, gelatin, sorbitol and glycerol to tension is not predictable.

Etnobotani Masyarakat Tengger Di Bromo Tengger Semeru JawaTimur Batoro, Jati; Azriyaningsih, Rodliyati; Rahardi, Brian
Natural B Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan sistem pengetahuan botani tradisional masyarakat Tengger di Bromo Tengger Semeru JawaTimur dan mengetahui hubungan pengaruh antara faktor sosial budaya dan ekonomi terhadap keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan. Penelitian dilakukan di empat lokasi yaitu di desa Ngadas, kecamatan Poncokusumo kabupaten Malang, desa Wonokitri kecamatan Tosari kabupaten Pasuruan, desa Ngadisari kecamatan Sukapura kabupaten Probolinggo dan desa Ranupani kecamatan Senduro kabupaten Lumajang Propinsi JawaTimur. Metoda penelitian dilakukan wawancara terstruktur dan wawancara bebas untuk pengamatan langsung kemudian dianalisis dengan ICS (index cultural significance) dan UVs(nilai guna jenis tumbuhan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Tengger dalam kehidupannya mengandalkan sumber alam tumbuhan untuk berbagai keperluan dan memiliki pengetahuan cukup baik tentang keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan di sekitar mereka. Berbagai pemanfaatan jenis tumbuhan digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah untuk bahan pangan (53 jenis), obat-obatan (34 jenis), bahan bangunan dan kerajinan (18 jenis), bahan kayu bakar (4 jenis), kecantikan (3 jenis), dan teknologi lokal (5 jenis), bahan racun (5 jenis) dan bahan ritual (74 jenis), Selanjutnya hasil perhitungan indeks kepentingan budaya menunjukan 1 jenis memiliki nilai tinggi dan 10 jenis memiliki nilai manfaat jenis tinggi dan UVs 5 jenis memiliki nilai tinggi.Kata kunci: Etnobotani, masyarakat Tengger, Bromo Tengger Semeru.

Spatial Analysis and Multiple Regression Approach for Determining Soil Organic Material in Sampang Regency Henny Pramoedyo; Ni Wayan Surya Wardhani; Eka Saraswati; Ria Rosilawati
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

An organic matter is one of the main components of soil. It is very potential to influence condition or type of soil and further it helps the growth of plants. One of methods which can be used to measure the levels of organic matters in an area is remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) by using satellites. Analysis could be done in two steps. First, in statistically analysis by using regression models. The equation models of C-Organics level in -0,849 + 0,017X1 - 0.008X3 + 0.011X4. Second, in spatial analysis, it is to know the C-Organic distribution, and also using interpolation with spatial analysis technique which is Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) methods. Next, testing a model estimation which have been obtained in Sampang. Through the validation analysis using t-paired test, resulting estimation model which have been obtained is able to estimate the C-Organic levels in Sampang which could be an alternative way to estimate the C-Organic levels in same area.

Glukomanan Source From Araceae Family in Alas Purwo National Park Gustini Ekowati; Rodiyati Azrianingsih
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Araceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, often rhizomatous or tuberous, which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. This Family has more than 1000 species, over 70 species were found in Java and eight species were found in East Java. But still no report whether the family grow in National Park of Alas Purwo, East Java. Furthermore, we explored the Araceae family that grow in the National Park Alas Purwo. We found six species of Araceae in the National Park of Alas Purwo, there are Dieffenbachia sp., Amorphophalus variabilis, Amorphophallus campanulatus var. sylvestris, Colocasia gigantea, Alocasia sp., and Xanthosomasagittifolia. The highest levels of glucomanan (2.24%) was found in Dieffenbachia sp and the lowest (0.98%) was found Xanthosoma sagittifolia.

Perunutan Jalur Sesar Lokal di Desa Sri Mulyo Kecamatan Dampit Kabupaten Malang Berdasarkan Data Geofisika Wasis, Wasis; Sunaryo, Sunaryo; Susilo, Adi
Natural B Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B

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Telah dilakukan penelitian yang berjudul Perunutan Jalur Sesar Lokal di Desa Sri Mulyo Kecamatan Dampit Kabupaten Malang yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan parameter fisis patahan/sesar 3 dimensi, yang meliputi kedalaman, lebar, panjang dan arah lintasannya.Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengacu pada penelitian pendahuluan (preliminary re-search) yang berupa hasil interpretasi data geologi, gaya berat, dan singkapan (out crop) yang muncul. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter geolistrik resistivitas dengan menerapkan konfigurasi pseudodepth section (4 elektroda). Dari data hasil akuisisi dilakukan pengolahan dan interpretasi secara inverse. Dengan melakukan penggabungan untuk setiap pseudodepth section, maka akan diperoleh parameter fisis target dalam 3 dimensi.Kata kunci: Perunutan, patahan/sesar lokal, pseudodepth section.

Effect of Birth Rate Simulation and Vaccination on Dynamics Measles Epidemic Patterns Kwardiniya Andawaningtyas; Marsudi Marsudi
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

The purpose of this research is to get description about influence of birth rates to the epidemic dynamics pattern of measles is presented as system of nonlinear differential equations. In this case, the epidemic dynamics of measles is of the form of the SEIR model with births which is obtained from four compartments: susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered. Then we analyze parameter model (α) to know the influence of change of birth rates to the epidemic dynamics pattern of measles. The changes of birth rates do not alter common pattern of epidemic measles, but the number of epidemic cycle, epidemic process, oscillation process, epidemic size, and time of epidemic convergent changes significantly. If the birth rate increases so does the epidemic cycle, but the epidemic process decreases, the oscillation is faster, and epidemic size converges to higher level value. If the birth rate decreases, the number of epidemic cycle decreases, epidemic process and oscillation take a longer, the epidemic size decreases with higher variance and converges to lower value.

Potential Changes of Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) Root’s Cell Membrane as an Indicator of Environmental Pollution of Waste Water Siti Jazimah Iswarin
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

This research is to study the potential change of water spinach root cell membrane using various concentration of Pb ions in 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100ppm using water which come from irrigating rice field at three locations. Pb ions in water and water spinach are specified by Atom Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer. The membrane potential change is regression determined. From the graph it is shown that the percentage change in membrane potential increases by Pb concentration. At the edge of the rice field, potential of water changes about (18±2) %, at 25 m from the edge, potential changes about (6±4) %, at 50 m from the edge, potential changes about (38±12) %. From this data, Pb2+ is 35.8 ppm (first location), 0 ppm (second location), and 135.3 ppm (third location). Pb2+ concentration calculated using AAS are 0.045 ppm (first location), 0.010 ppm (second location), and 0.025 (third location). In water spinach there are: Pb2 + / ppm; 3.0; 0.9; 5.6. The membrane potential is affected by the ion solution. The higher the pollution, the higher the membrane potential will be. Increasing the type of substance also increases the membrane potential changes that are sensitive to Pb ions. Based on this case the potential change of cell membrane of root of water spinach can be used as an indicator of pollution.

Local Fault Line Tracing in Sri Mulyo Village, Dampit Sub District, Malang Regency Based on Geophysical Data Wasis Wasis; Sunaryo Sunaryo; Adi Susilo
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

A research has been conducted for searching local fault at Sri Mulyo Village, Malang Regency, to get the physical parameters of 3-dimension fault, which include depth, width, length, and direction. The research is based on the preliminary research that results geological data interpretation, gravity, and outcrops. The survey used resistivity parameter by applying pseudo-depth section configuration (4 electrodes). Data processing and interpretation using inverse method. By combining every pseudo depth section, 3-dimension physical parameters will be acquired square error is 2.51x10-27.

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