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Articles 14 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 2, No 1 (2013)" : 14 Documents clear

Adsorption of Mg (II) Ion Using Chlorophilized Chitin Adsorbent Darjito Darjito; Rachmat Triandi; Diah Mardiana; M. Fathoni
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

A study concerning the adsorption of Mg (II) ions using phosporilation chitin adsorbent. The process is a surface modification of adsorbent chitin by enriching the phosphate group that acts as a hard base so it would be more suitable binding Mg (II) ions, which acts as a hard acid. This research aims to study the effect of contact time and concentration variations of Mg (II) ions on the adsorption process using phosporilation chitin adsorbent. Variables to be examined in this study in order are contact times (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 minutes) and the concentration of Mg (II) ions variation are (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 ppm). The results for the characterization of phosporilation chitin adsorbent can be detect from the IR absorption band at wavenumber 1099.35 cm-1 are suspected of phosphate ions and IR absorption band at wave number 1272.93 cm-1 and 1201.57 cm-1 are estimated as phosphate covalent. The contacts times significantly affect the adsorption Mg (II) ions by the phosporilation chitin adsorbent, then the optimum of contact time is 120 minutes. Adsorption capacity of phosporilation chitin adsorbent for the Mg(II) ions is 499 mg/g.

Extraction and Purification of Antibacterial Compounds from Java Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Hardoko Hardoko; Claudia Abigail
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Tamarind has bioactive compounds that can exhibit antimicrobial activities but further information about its specific compounds and the antibacterial activity changes between crude extract and isolate had not been repoted yet. Crude extract of tamarind pulp in this experiment was tested for phytochemical compounds and antibacterial activity (MIC and MBC). In order to isolate and identify antibacterial compounds, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and gas chromatography (GC-MS) were applied. Mobile phase for column chromatography was ethyl acetate:ethanol in 100:0 until 0:100 ratio. The maximum wavelengths for all fractions were scanned and all concentrated fractions used for antibacterial activity test. The result showed the best inhibition zone came from FD-2 fraction (2nd fraction of ethyl acetate:ethanol = 70:30 ratio). FD-2 fraction had MIC 1.18% and MBC 4.70% for Pseudomonas sp., MIC 0.54% and MBC 2.16% for Listeria monocytogenes. Its activity was smaller than the crude extract that had MIC 0.65% and MBC 2.61% for Pseudomonas sp., MIC 0.46% and MBC 1.85% for Listeria monocytogenes. For the next step, FD-2 fraction was separated using thin layer chromatography. The best single spot was given by ethyl acetate:ethanol = 0:1 with the maximum wavelength 368 nm; 458.5 nm; and 550 nm. Fraction was identified with GC-MS resulted antibacterial compounds such as hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 11-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid, eicosanioc acid, stigmasterol, and gamma-sitosterol.

Estimation of Radiation Dose Calculation on Non Static Organs Novan Habiburrahman; Johan A.E. Noor; Unggul P. Juswono
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

In this study developed a program calculating the estimated radiation dose to the cancer by using a program that can run on a variety of computer operating systems platforms. The program used is a Java application programming interface (API) Greenfoot. The program determines the value of the accumulated dose received by each pixel in multiple beam irradiation with attenuation values obtained from the analysis of data Hounsfield value CT-scan. Hounsfield value of each pixel is generated based on the relationship value of grayscale linearity then. Hounsfield value of the CT-scan converted into the value of the gamma-ray attenuation. The dose received by the skin surface used as a reference to determine the length of time considered organ irradiation in static conditions on the program. Movement of the target irradiation in treatment may reduce the efficiency level of success. Moving organ radiation Treatment can be done. Radiation pulse period set for the radiation beam on the target in this phase organ reaches ± 60% of the maximum volume. A pulse rays will be effect the long exposure time can be calculated with the program.

Mathematical model of HIV / AIDS Transmission with Health Education Marsudi Marsudi; Ratno Bagus Edy Wibowo
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

In this research has been carried out the stability analysis of HIV/AIDS epidemic model with a public health educational through the expansion of the SI (susceptible-infected) model. In modeling of HIV/AIDS epidemic, the population is divided into six subpopulations: uneducated susceptible individuals, educated susceptible individuals, uneducated infected individuals without AIDS symptoms, educated infected individuals with AIDS symptoms, uneducated infected individuals with AIDS symptoms and educated infected individuals with AIDS symptoms. The disease-free equilibrium point of the HIV transmission model with education program is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is less than unity and unstable if the basic reproduction number is greater than unity. The endemic equilibrium point is exist if the effective reproduction number is greater than unity and stability of endemic equilibrium point has been determined using the Center manifold theory. The center manifold theory can be used to analyze the stability near the disease-free equilibrium point (the effective reproduction number is equal to unity). The impact of a public health education on the spread of HIV/AIDS, the sensitivity analysis on effective reproduction numbers respect to all the parameters which drive the disease dynamics.

Estimation of Structures Under Ancient Archaeological Sites Site of Jabung Temple, Probolinggo, Indonesia Using Geolistrik Resistivity Method Kosmas Isdarmadi; Adi Susilo; Sunaryo Sunaryo
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.natural-b.2013.002.01.8

The sounding of geoelectrical resistivity distribution using dipole-dipole configuration around the Jabung temple site located in the Jabung Candi village, Paiton, Probolinggo District, East Java province, Indonesia has been done by using Resistivitymeter OYO MacOhm. The aim of the research was to determine the distribution and depth of rock below the Jabung temple area also as an information for investigation and discovery efforts of ancient objects which are still burried. Aquisition are taken by ten lines and ±20.042 m2 of coverage area. Line 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 located around in Menara Sudut temple at length of measurement line12 m and at a distance of electrode spacing are 1 m, where lines 1 and 4 located in outcrop of Menara Sudut tample. While lines 7, 8, 9, and 10 located in all area of Jabung temple. Lines 7 and 8 have length of measurement lines 150 m with spacing 10 m, while lines 9 and 10 have length of measurement lines 200 m with spacing 4 m, where line 8 located pass to main Jabung tample. The processing of data was using RES2DINV software. Resistivity values that are used to determine the temple rock is the resistivity value of sandy clay. Base on geoelectrical investigation and interpretation shows the sandy clay as temple rock with resistivity value 33 Ω.m to 92.6 Ω.m on average depth of 1.79 m and the others remain of tample rock around the main Jabung tample. This research shows geoelectrical method is good idea to subsurface sounding especially for archeology case, it caused this method is simple and more cheap than ekskavation method.

Determination of Seismicity with Grid Searching Method (Case Study of Gempabumi Pulung, Ponorogo Regency February 2011) Petrus Demon Sili; Adi Susilo; Sukir Maryanto
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Pulung Region, Ponorogo major city, Indonesia is one of the area in Indonesia which is prone of the local earthquake threat. Since 1963, there was about 7 big earthquakes, where 1 earthquake was destroyed earthquake and 2 events occured at the Pulung region. The two those earthquakes occured at Pulung were in 1993 and 1999, with the magnitude was 3.7 SR and 5.6 SR respectively. The last event was on February 2011, therefore it’s necessary to study and determine the seismicity. In addition the relocation analysis using Grid Searching seismicity showed that the distribution of earthquakes shifted to the East direction, with the coordinat of from 7.8122º to 7153º SL and 111.6360o to 111.7303° EL, the depth of earthquakes varies between 0.532 km and 7250 km, and the magnitude was between 1.4 and 2.0 SR. It is hoped that this result can be used for the govermnment of Ponorogo to mitigate of earthquake impact.

Effect of Metal Ions on Pectinase Activity from Aspergillus niger on Purifying Guava Fruit Dian Puspita Anggraini; Anna Roosdiana; Sasangka Prasetyawan; Diah Mardiana
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Pectinase can be used on various fruit juices clarification; however, the activities can be affected by their metal ions content. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of metal ions inhibition i.e. Zn2+; Mg2+ and Ca2+ on the pectinase activity of Aspergillus niger, and its potential application in guava juice clarification. Activity assays performed at pH 5, temperature 50°C during 55minutes and each ion concentration were 2-10 mM. Galacturonic acid concentration, as the product of pectin substrate hydrolysis, used as the basis for determining its activity and analyzed by visible spectrophotometry. The results showed that the ions concentration of Zn2+ and Mg2+ more than 4 mM were inhibitor for pectinase activity while Ca2+ ion concentration was 6mM. KI values for the metal ions Zn2+; Mg2+ and Ca2+ at concentrations of 6mM were 176.99; 326.09 and 280.37 mM respectively. Pectinase from Aspergillus niger were able to reduce 18% of pectin of guava juice.

Antibacterial Activity of Phenol Gracillaria verrucosa Extract on Aeromonas Salmonicida Bacteria in vitro Moh. Awaludin Adam; Hardoko Hardoko; Maftcuh Maftcuh
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

The aim of research were to investigeste the effect of antibacterial activity of phenolic extracts Gracillaria verrucosa on the growth of bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida and the number of doses and optimal time extract. The method used was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD). The concentration of the extract used were 1 ppt, 1.5 ppt and 2 ppt. Each treatment was done 3 replications. Based on the test results of ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) showed that the average value of the inhibition of post Gracilaria verrucosa phenol extract was significantly different (p <0.05). LSD (Least Significant Difference) showed that Gracilaria verrucosa phenol extract at a dose of 1.5 ppt has the highest average value of the inhibition by 15 mm, followed by a dose of 1 ppt and 2 ppt with a mean of respectively 10 mm and 11 mm.

Safety Analysis of Stacy's Critical Territory Criticality with Monte Carlo Transport Calculations Zuhair Zuhair
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

A set of experiment has been done at STACY facility and many fundamental parameters of uranyl nitrate solution have been found out. Criticality is one of main parameters in predicting neutronic characteristic of STACY experiment beside solution level reactivity, void reactivity, kinetic parameter and temperature reactivity which dominates transient phenomenon in abnormal condition. Criticality experiment performed at STACY core uses 9.97% 235U -enriched uranyl nitrate solution with 80-cm-diameter cylindrical and 150-cm-height tank. Eight critical configurations in unrelected and water-reflected conditions were selected in this paper for criticality safety calculation with Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX. For all configurations, MCNPX calculations show good consistency with the trend of producing underestimated keff. Calculation biases with experimental data (keff = 1) for water-reflected configurations, i.e. 0.01-0.18%, were slightly better than those of unreflected configurations (0.14-0.41%). MCNPX calculation results which are better than the prediction of MCNP-4C concludes that MCNPX is more eligible to be applied to criticality safety analysis of uranyl nitrate solution in commercial nuclear fuel cycle facility.

Effects of Gamma Radiation Exposure to Hematopoietic Cells on Bone Marrow Qomariyah, Nurul; Rifaâ€™i, Muhaimin; Juswono, Unggul P.
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Radiotherapy is a treatment for cancer which use external radiation sources with the aim to damage the DNA in the nucleus of the cancer chromosomes and cause necrosis of cancer cells. The exposure of radiation to the spinal cord as the site of blood cell formation would change the hematopoietic circulation system. The effect of gamma radiation exposure on decreasing of hematopoietic cells quantity is still unknown and it needs further experiment to determine the effect the radiation and the effect of P. niruriÂ extract giving on the reduction of immune cells quantity which are CD34+ and B220+ cells in the bone marrow. In this experiment, five variations of the dose radiation was used. The dose were 100 rad, 200 rad, 300 rad, 400 rad and 500 rad and use single dose of P. niruri as much 250 mg/kg BB. The dose of 100 rad radiation was given daily and P. niruri extract was given for 14 days before and during radiation. The amount of the CD34+ and B220+ cells is counted and analyzed by Flow cytometry. The result of this experiment showed that the giving of gamma ray irradiation reduced the amount of immune cells in the bone marrow. The increasing radiation dose was caused increasing of the reduction of cells immune quantity. The giving of P.niruri extract inhibits hematopoietic cell through increasing of the absolut amount of CD34+ cell in the bone marrow.

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