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Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences

JETS
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Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung

ISSN : 23375779 EISSN : 23385502 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences welcomes full research articles in the area of Engineering Sciences from the following subject areas: Aerospace Engineering, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Physics, Environmental Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Information Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, Manufacturing Processes, Microelectronics, Mining Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, and other application of physical, biological, chemical and mathematical sciences in engineering. Authors are invited to submit articles that have not been published previously and are not under consideration elsewhere. Starting from Vol. 35, No. 1, 2003, full articles published are available online at http://journal.itb.ac.id, and indexed by Scopus, Index Copernicus, Google Scholar, DOAJ, GetCITED, NewJour, Open J-Gate, The Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB by University Library of Regensburg, EBSCO Open Science Directory, Ei Compendex, Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) and Zurich Open Repository and Archive Journal Database. Publication History Formerly known as: ITB Journal of Engineering Science (2007 â€“ 2012) Proceedings ITB on Engineering Science (2003 - 2007) Proceedings ITB (1961 - 2002)

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Articles 1,267 Documents

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Experimental Study on the Sensitive Emission Lines Intensities of Metal Samples Using Laser Ablation Technique and Its Comparison to Arc Discharge Technique Susilowati, Eko; Lie, Tjung Jie; Kurniawan, Hendrik
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 36, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

An experimental study has been carried out to measure the sensitive emission lines intensities of several metal samples (copper, zinc, silver, gold, gallium, nickel, silicone and iron) using laser ablation technique conducted in low pressure surrounding gas by means of Laser Induced Shock Wave Plasma Spectroscopy (LISPS) and in atmospheric pressure region using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). In both cases the Nd-YAG laser was operated at its fundamental wavelength of 1.064 nm with pulse duration of 8 ns and its intensity tightly focused on the metal samples in helium or air as an ambient gas. The laser energy was fixed at approximately 100 mJ using a set of neutral density filters placed tilted in front of the laser output window. The result of the intensity measurements showed a good agreement which those obtained using arc discharge technique as shown in Massachusetts Institute of Technology Wavelength Table. Further evaluation of these results on the basis of standard deviation leads to the conclusion that LISPS is more favorable for quantitative analysis compared to LIBS. It was further shown that replacing air by helium gas at low pressure improve to some extent the LISPS reproducibility and sensitivity.

Unsteady Aerodynamics of Flapping Wing of a Bird Moelyadi, M. Agoes; Putra, Hendra Adi; Sachs, Gottfried
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 45, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

The unsteady flow behavior and time-dependent aerodynamic characteristics of the flapping motion of a birdâs wing were investigated using a computational method. During flapping, aerodynamic interactions between bird wing surfaces and surrounding flow may occur, generating local time-dependent flow changes in the flow field and aerodynamic load of birds. To study the effect of flapping speed on unsteady aerodynamic load, two kinds of computational simulations were carried out, namely a quasi-steady and an unsteady simulation. To mimic the movement of the down-stroke and the upstroke of a bird, the flapping path accorded to a sinus function, with the wing attitude changing in dihedral angle and time. The computations of time-dependent viscous flow were based on the solution of the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations by applying the k-e turbulence model. In addition, the discretization for the computational domain around the model used multi-block structured grid to provide more accuracy in capturing viscous flow, especially in the vicinity of the wing and body surfaces, to obtain a proper wing-body geometry model. For this research, the seagull bird was chosen, which has high aspect ratio wings with pointed wing-tips and a high camber wing section. The results include mesh movement, velocity contours as well as aerodynamic coefficients of the flapping motion of the bird at various flapping frequencies.

A Substractive Clustering Based Fuzzy Hybrid Reference Control Design for Transient Response Improvement of PID Controller Joelianto, Endra; Sitanggang, Parlindungan H.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 41, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

TheÂ wellÂ knownÂ PIDÂ controllerÂ hasÂ inherentÂ limitationsÂ inÂ fulfilling simultaneously the conflicting control design objectives.Â Parameters of the tuned PIDÂ controllerÂ shouldÂ tradeÂ offÂ theÂ requirementÂ ofÂ trackingÂ set-point performances,Â disturbanceÂ rejectionÂ andÂ stabilityÂ robustness.Â CombinationÂ of hybridÂ referenceÂ controlÂ (HRC)Â withÂ PIDÂ controllerÂ resultsÂ inÂ theÂ transient responseÂ performances can be independently achieved without deteriorating the disturbanceÂ rejectionÂ propertiesÂ andÂ theÂ stabilityÂ robustnessÂ requirement.Â This paper proposes a fuzzy based HRC where the membership functions of the fuzzy logicÂ systemÂ areÂ obtainedÂ byÂ usingÂ aÂ substractiveÂ clusteringÂ technique.Â The proposedÂ methodÂ guaranteesÂ theÂ transientÂ responseÂ performancesÂ satisfaction while preserving the stability robustness of the closed loop system controlled by theÂ PIDÂ controllerÂ withÂ effectiveÂ andÂ systematicÂ proceduresÂ inÂ designingÂ the fuzzy hybrid reference control system.

GPU Computing to Improve Game Engine Performance Asaduzzaman, Abu; Lee, Hin Y.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 46, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Although the graphics processing unit (GPU) was originally designed to accelerate the image creation for output to display, todayâs general purpose GPU (GPGPU) computing offers unprecedented performance by offloading computing-intensive portions of the application to the GPGPU, while running the remainder of the code on the central processing unit (CPU). The highly parallel structure of a many core GPGPU can process large blocks of data faster using multithreaded concurrent processing. A game engine has many âcomponentsâ and multithreading can be used to implement their parallelism. However, effective implementation of multithreading in a multicore processor has challenges, such as data and task parallelism. In this paper, we investigate the impact of using a GPGPU with a CPU to design high-performance game engines. First, we implement a separable convolution filter (heavily used in image processing) with the GPGPU. Then, we implement a multiobject interactive game console in an eight-core workstation using a multithreaded asynchronous model (MAM), a multithreaded synchronous model (MSM), and an MSM with data parallelism (MSMDP). According to the experimental results, speedup of about 61x and 5x is achieved due to GPGPU and MSMDP implementation, respectively. Therefore, GPGPU-assisted parallel computing has the potential to improve multithreaded game engine performance.

A Hardware Architecture of a Counter-Based Entropy Coder Langi, Armein Z.R.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 44, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

This paper describes a hardware architectural design of a real-time counter based entropy coder at a register transfer level (RTL) computing model. The architecture is based on a lossless compressionÂ algorithm called Rice coding, which is optimal for an entropy range of bits per sample. The architecture incorporates a word-splitting scheme to extend the entropy coverage into a range of Â bits per sample. We have designed a data structure in a form of independent code blocks, allowing more robust compressed bitstream. The design focuses on an RTL computing model and architecture, utilizing 8-bit buffers, adders, registers, loader-shifters, select-logics, down-counters, up-counters, and multiplexers. We have validated the architecture (both the encoder and the decoder) in a coprocessor for 8 bits/sample data on an FPGA Xilinx XC4005, utilizing 61% of F&G-CLBs, 34% H-CLBs, 32% FF-CLBs, and 68% IO resources. On this FPGA implementation, the encoder and decoder can achieve 1.74 Mbits/s and 2.91 Mbits/s throughputs, respectively. The architecture allows pipelining, resulting in potentially maximum encoding throughput of 200 Mbit/s on typical real-time TTL implementations. In addition, it uses a minimum number of register elements. As a result, this architecture can result in low cost, low energy consumption and reduced silicon area realizations.Â

Analysis of Surface Wave Attenuation in Mangrove Forests Hadi, Safwan; Latief, Hamzah; Muliddin, Muliddin
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 35, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

This paper presents an analytical study on surface wave attenuation in mangrove forest using analytical model developed by Massel et.al. (1999). The energy dissipation in the frequency domain is determined by treating the mangrove forest as a random media with certain characteristics using the geometry of mangrove trunks and their locations. Initial nonlinear governing equations are linearized using the concept of minimalization in the stochastic sense and interactions between mangrove trunks and roots have been introduced through the modification of the drag coefficients. To see the effectiveness of the mangrove forest in attenuating wave energy the analytical model was applied to two types of mangrove forest i.e. Rhizophora and Ceriops forests. The resulting rate of wave energy attenuation depends strongly on the density of the mangrove forest, and on diameter of mangrove roots and trunks. More effective wave energy attenuation is shown by Rhizophora.

Exploiting Homogeneity of Density in Incremental Hierarchical Clustering Widyantoro, Dwi H.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 38, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Hierarchical clustering is an important tool in many applications. As it involves a large data set that proliferates over time, reclustering the data set periodically is not an efficient process. Therefore, the ability to incorporate a new data set incrementally into an existing hierarchy becomes increasingly demanding. This article describes HOMOGEN, a system that employs a new algorithm for generating a hierarchy of concepts and clusters incrementally from a stream of observations. The system aims to construct a hierarchy that satisfies the homogeneity and the monotonicity properties. Working in a bottom-up fashion, a new observation is placed in the hierarchy and a sequence of hierarchy restructuring processes is performed only in regions that have been affected by the presence of the new observation. Additionally, it combines multiple restructuring techniques that address different restructuring objectives to get a synergistic effect. The system has been tested on a variety of domains including structured and unstructured data sets. The experimental results reveal that the system is able to construct a concept hierarchy that is consistent regardless of the input data order and whose quality is comparable to the quality of those produced by non incremental clustering algorithms.

Synthesis and Activity Test of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 for the Methanol Steam Reforming as a Fuel Cellâs Hydrogen Supplier Makertihartha, IGBN; Subagjo, Subagjo; Gunawan, Melia Laniwati
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 41, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

TheÂ synthesisÂ ofÂ hydrogenÂ fromÂ hydrocarbonsÂ throughÂ theÂ steam reformingÂ ofÂ methanolÂ onÂ Cu/ZnO/Al2O3Â catalystÂ hasÂ beenÂ investigated.Â This process is assigned to be one of the promising alternatives forÂ fuel cell hydrogen process source. Hydrogen synthesis from methanol can be carried out by means ofÂ methanolÂ steamÂ reformingÂ whichÂ isÂ aÂ gasÂ phaseÂ catalyticÂ reactionÂ between methanol and water. In this research, theÂ Cu/ZnO/Al2O3Â catalystÂ prepared by the dryÂ impregnationÂ wasÂ used.Â TheÂ specificÂ surfaceÂ areaÂ ofÂ catalystÂ wasÂ 194.69 m2/gram.TheÂ methanolÂ steamÂ reformingÂ (SRM)Â reactionÂ wasÂ carriedÂ outÂ by means of the injection of gas mixture containing methanol and water with 1:1.2 mol ratio and 20-90 mL/minute feedÂ flow rate to a fixed bed reactor loaded by 1 g of catalyst. The reaction temperature was 200-300 Â°C, and the reactor pressure was 1 atm. PrecedingÂ the reaction, catalyst was reduced in the H2/N2Â mixture at 160Â Â°C.Â ThisÂ studyÂ showsÂ thatÂ atÂ 300Â Â°CÂ reactionÂ temperature,Â methanol conversionÂ reachedÂ 100%Â atÂ 28Â mL/minuteÂ gasÂ flowÂ rate.Â ThisÂ conversion decreasedÂ significantlyÂ withÂ theÂ increaseÂ ofÂ gasÂ flowÂ rate.Â Meanwhile,Â the catalyst prepared for SRMÂ was stable in 36 hours of operation at 260Â Â°C. The catalyst exhibited a good stability although the reaction condition was shifted to a higher gas flow rate.

Estimation of SH-Wave Amplification in the Bandung Basin Using Haskellâs Method Afnimar, A.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 46, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

The Bandung basin is a large basin in Indonesia surrounded by mountains that are associated with faults. There is the possibility of earthquakes generated by these faults shaking populated areas in the basin. The consequences will be worse because the shaking is amplified by the sediment layer of the basin. We have estimated the amplification of SH-waves generated by the Lembang fault using Haskellâs method for multilayer models. The pattern of amplification is a decreasing value with increasing distance from the Lembang fault. This pattern is valid for low-frequency incident waves. For higher-frequency incident waves, the pattern looks more complicated. Fortunately, there are many areas with low amplification values. Hopefully, this result will help the local government in making decisions regarding construction planning in this region. Of course, the final objective is to reduce earthquake risks.

A New Voltage Control Method for Single-Phase PWM Inverters Dahono, Pekik Argo; Taryana, Een
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 43, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

AÂ newÂ voltageÂ controlÂ methodÂ forÂ single-phaseÂ full-bridge PWM invertersÂ that having an output LC filterÂ is proposed in this paper. The proposed voltageÂ controller has a capability to realize a zero steadystate output voltage error with fast response. The zero steady-state output voltage error is achieved by using a controller that is derived by using the virtual LC resonant circuit. Fast response is obtained by using a virtual resistanceÂ thatÂ isÂ connectedÂ inÂ parallelÂ withÂ theÂ filterÂ capacitor.Â The validity of the proposed method is verified by experimental results.

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