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INDONESIA
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19784279     EISSN : 25494082     DOI : 10.20473
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 517 Documents
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Epidemiological Profile of Syphilis Patients at Secondary Hospital: A Two-Year Retrospective Study in the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic Christine Suryani Novelita Sutrisno; Desy Hinda Pramita; Ita Puspita Dewi
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.2.2026.117-125

Abstract

Background: Syphilis remains a re-emerging global health challenge, disproportionately affecting sexually active individuals in low- and middle-income countries. Despite effective diagnostic and treatment options, the disease continues to impose a high burden on key populations. In Indonesia, hospital-based epidemiological data remain limited, particularly from dermatology and venereology outpatient clinics where syphilis is commonly diagnosed and managed. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of syphilis patients attending the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic at Dr. Mohamad Soewandhie General Hospital over a two-year period, focusing on demographic patterns, clinical stage at diagnosis, and co-infections with other sexually transmitted infections. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using medical records of patients diagnosed with syphilis between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2024. Data collected included age, sex, year of diagnosis, disease stage (primary, secondary, latent), and co-infections (HIV, condyloma acuminata). Result: A total of 55 patients were identified, comprising 42 males (76.4%) and 13 females (23.6%). Most cases (90.9%) occurred in adults aged 19–59 years, with a small proportion in adolescent males (n=5, 9.1%). Latent syphilis predominated (n=39, 70.9%), followed by secondary (n=13, 23.6%) and primary disease (n=3, 5.5%). HIV co-infection occurred in 22 patients (40%), and 11 patients (20%) had concurrent condyloma acuminata, predominantly among males in latent or secondary stages. Conclusion: The findings underscore critical gaps in syphilis screening and management. Integrated, gender-sensitive, and syndemic-informed interventions are urgently required to enhance early detection, reduce transmission, and address co-infection burdens in high-risk populations.
Microneedling Combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma for Melasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Devy Maryam; Ida Ayu Diah Purnama Sari; Aditya Prabawa
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.2.2026.143-152

Abstract

Background: Melasma is a chronic acquired hyperpigmentation disorder that can cause significant psychosocial impact despite being asymptomatic. Conventional management often provides limited or temporary results. The combination of microneedling and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained increasing attention due to their complementary roles in promoting skin regeneration and improving treatment efficacy. Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize data from randomized controlled trials and clinical studies published within the last decade to explore the therapeutic benefits and potential of microneedling combined with PRP in melasma management. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, and supplementary sources, up to August 2025. Eligible studies included randomized and non-randomized clinical trials assessing microneedling followed by topical PRP. Data were pooled using random-effects (SMDs), and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.  Result: Seven studies involving 189 participants were included. Pooled analyses demonstrated significant reductions in MASI and related indices favoring microneedling with PRP. Effect sizes increased across follow-up points (baseline to final: SMD = –1.71; 95% CI = –2.64 to –0.81; p = 0.002), despite moderate-to-high heterogeneity. Conclusion: The combination of microneedling and PRP appears to offer promising clinical benefits for the management of melasma. However, due to limited study numbers, high heterogeneity, and short follow-up durations, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Further large-scale, multicenter randomized trials are warranted to confirm its long-term efficacy and establish standardized treatment protocols.
An Epidemiologic Study of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis in Sleman District, Indonesia: Prevalence and Determinants in the Urban and Rural Areas Niken Trisnowati; Agnes Tasia Valentine; Adissa Tiara Yulinvia
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.2.2026.94-100

Abstract

Background: The incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased worldwide; however, it displays differing patterns according to age group and geographic location.  This study aimed to assess the prevalence of AD among children in the Sleman area, as well as the correlation between urban and rural environments and the incidence of AD. Methods: This study was conducted in the Sleman district with the Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System. The participants were children aged 2 months to 12 years. The collected data comprised family income, parental education, household size, air pollution, and pet ownership. The diagnosis of AD was determined using the ISAAC study criteria for older children and the CEQ for younger children. The prevalence of AD across all participants, as well as within urban and rural categories, was calculated. The disparities in AD determinants between urban and rural settings were examined utilizing the Chi-square test. Result: A total of 1,178 out of 1,191 children were polled in this study. The incidence of AD was 1.36%. The prevalence of AD was 1.3% in urban regions and 1.7% in rural areas (p>0.05). The determinants of AD in urban and rural regions were not significantly different (p>0.05). The prevalence of AD was consistent throughout urban and rural locations, indicating that these environments did not influence AD prevalence in the Sleman district. No substantial difference existed between AD determinants in urban and rural locations. Conclusion: There was no association between urban-rural areas and the prevalence of AD in the Sleman district.
Comparative Effectiveness of Whole-Body Narrowband Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) 311 nm, Targeted NB-UVB 311 nm, and Excimer Lamp 308 nm in Pediatric Vitiligo: A Retrospective Single-Center Study Nikko Vanda Limantara; Amelia Pungky; Rizky Rahma Wijayanti; Retno Danarti; Flandiana Yogianti; Arief Budiyanto
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.2.2026.101-108

Abstract

Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder marked by depigmented macules or patches. Pediatric vitiligo is common, accounting for approximately one-quarter to one-half of all cases. Phototherapy modalities such as narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) 311 nm and excimer 308 nm are widely used to treat vitiligo in children. However, comparative data in Indonesian children remain scarce. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of whole body (WB) NB-UVB 311 nm, targeted NB-UVB 311 nm, and excimer lamp 308 nm in pediatric vitiligo patients. Methods: This retrospective study included children (<18 years old) with vitiligo treated with phototherapy at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Gadjah Mada Univeristy/ Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, from January 2022 to May 2025. Patients received WB NB-UVB (311 nm), targeted NB-UVB (311 nm), or excimer lamp (308 nm) therapy. Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) scores were assessed at baseline, after 36 and 72 phototherapy sessions. Changes were analyzed using the Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney U tests. Result: Among 44 patients (median age 10 years; 50% female), most received targeted NB-UVB 311 nm (40.9%), followed by excimer 308 nm34.1%) and WB NB-UVB 311 nm (25.6%). All groups showed significant improvement over time (p<0.05). At 72 sessions, target VASI improvement was highest in the excimer group 308 nm (75.00%), followed by targeted NB-UVB 311 nm (70.77%), and WB NB-UVB 311 nm (45.78%), with no significant differences between groups (p=0.931). Conclusion: All three modalities were effective. Excimer 308 nm and targeted NB-UVB 311 nm yielded comparable outcomes in localized vitiligo.
Unlocking the Potential of Cimetidine: Enhancing FOXP3+Treg Cells and pRB Expression in Condyloma Acuminatum Treatment Prasetyadi Mawardi; Lian Kamilah; Pratiwi Prasetya Pramisawitri; Bobby Febrianto; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Ayu Kusuma Dewi
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.2.2026.158-163

Abstract

Background: Condyloma acuminatum (CA), caused predominantly by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) types 6 and 11, remains a frequent sexually transmitted infection with malignant potential. Immune dysregulation and viral oncogenic proteins contribute to this risk. Cimetidine, an H2-receptor antagonist with immunomodulatory properties, has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of oral cimetidine supplementation on FOXP3+ Treg cells and pRB expression in CA. Methods: An experimental pre-post test study was conducted in CA patients attending the Dermatovenereology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, from October 2022 to March 2023. Subjects were allocated into two groups: one received oral cimetidine 400 mg for three months, while the control group did not. Both groups received standard therapy, including chemical cautery and cryotherapy, for four weeks. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on skin biopsy specimens before and after treatment to evaluate FOXP3+ Treg cells and pRB expression at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia. Data were statistically analyzed, and p<0.05 was considered significant. Result: Thirty-six patients with CA were included in this study, comprising 20 subjects who received oral cimetidine and 16 subjects as controls. The subjects were predominantly male (68.75%). The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference of pRB expression between both groups (p=0.004), while the FOXP3+ Treg cell analysis was not statistically significant (p=0.072). Conclusion: Oral cimetidine supplementation increases pRB expression and may help prevent the development of CA but not FOXP3+ Treg cell expression
Histopathological Features of Lucio’s Phenomenon in Leprosy Patients: A Retrospective Study Khoirunnisa; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Novan Adi Setyawan; Alamanda Murasmita
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.2.2026.133-142

Abstract

Background: Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy, as a chronic infectious disease that is still a major public health concern in endemic nations like Indonesia. Lucio’s phenomenon (LP), which is marked by necrotizing vasculitis and ulcerative skin lesions, is an uncommon but severe reactional state that is typically linked to untreated or insufficiently treated diffuse lepromatous leprosy. Histopathological examination is essential for diagnostic confirmation. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the histopathological features of Lucio’s phenomenon in leprosy patients treated at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using medical records and histopathological slides of patients diagnosed with the Lucio’s phenomenon at the Dermatology and Venereology Clinic, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, from January 2018 to June 2024. Demographic data (age, sex) and histopathological findings were analyzed. Result: Fifteen cases of the Lucio’s phenomenon were identified, consisting of 10 males (67%) and 5 females (33%). Most patients (67%) were younger than 50 years. Histopathological analysis showed endothelial colonization by acid-fast bacilli in all patients (100%). Additional features included leukocytoclastic vasculitis in 12 patients (75%), epidermal necrosis in 9 patients (60%), and fibrinoid necrosis in 6 patients (40%). Conclusion: Lucio’s phenomenon remains a rare but life-threatening manifestation of lepromatous leprosy. Histopathological examination reveals consistent features such as endothelial bacillary colonization and necrotizing vasculitis, which are crucial for establishing the diagnosis. Increased awareness and recognition of these features are essential to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate management, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.
Correlation of Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-To-Neutrophil Ratio, and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index with the Severity of Pemphigus Erliana Tantri Harsono; Agnes Sri Siswati; Shinta Trilaksmi Dewi; Fajar Waskito; Dyah Ayu Mira Oktarina
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.2.2026.109-116

Abstract

Background: Pemphigus is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease characterized by acantholysis. Assessing disease activity is vital for optimizing therapy. While anti-desmoglein ELISA is the standard marker, its cost limits routine use in developing countries. Systemic inflammation drives the pathogenesis of pemphigus, suggesting that hematological indices—neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)—may serve as accessible biomarkers.  Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between these indices and disease severity, measured by the Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI), in an Indonesian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed pemphigus patients at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Correlations between hematological markers and PDAI scores were assessed using Spearman’s test, and diagnostic performance was evaluated via receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Result: Sixty subjects were included (68.3% female; mean age 50.17 ± 14.75 years). Pemphigus vulgaris (60%) and pemphigus foliaceus (35%) were the main subtypes; the median PDAI was 37, indicating severe disease. Significant positive correlations were observed between PDAI and NLR (r=0.467), SII (r=0.430), and PLR (r=0.275), with a negative correlation for PNR (r=–0.371). Subtype analysis showed that NLR, PNR, and SII were significantly correlated with severity specifically in pemphigus foliaceus. Furthermore, NLR demonstrated the highest predictive value. Conclusion: Simple hematological indices such as NLR, PLR, PNR, and SII show promise as non-invasive markers for assessing pemphigus severity. These parameters support cost-efficient clinical evaluation, bridging the diagnostic gap in settings where specific serological testing is inaccessible.

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