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INDONESIA
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19784279     EISSN : 25494082     DOI : 10.20473
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 505 Documents
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Comparison of the Effectiveness of Topical 5-Fluorouracil, Topical Calcipotriol, and Liquid Nitrogen Cryosurgery in Seborrhoeic Keratosis Sutedja, Eva Krishna; Suwarsa, Oki; Febrina, Dia; Wibowo , Raka Ghufran; Tasbun, Felix
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 37 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V37.3.2025.172-178

Abstract

Background: Seborrhoeic keratosis (SK) is a benign tumor composed of epidermal keratinocytes occurs most frequently in the elderly. The action of 5-fluorouracil (FU) cream and calcipotrienes on keratinocyte development and has been shown beneficial for SK. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of 5-FU and calcipotriol topical with cryosurgery. Methods: Eighteen SK patients with 54 skin lesions were enlisted, which were separated into three groups. The first group received topical 5-FU twice daily, the second group received one 10-second freeze-thaw cycle of liquid nitrogen cryosurgery, and the third group received topical calcipotriol twice daily. The success of therapy was assessed based on the reduction in baseline lesion size, and observations were made every two weeks for three months. Result: This study found that at the 12th week, the mean percentage of decrease in lesion size in group I was 34.6%, group II was 100%, and group III was 6.18%. Statistically, there was a significant difference in the decrease in lesion size in groups treated with cryosurgery (p value<0.001). The most common side effect in group I was discomfort, whereas in group II it was hyperpigmentation. Patients from group III reported no negative effects. Conclusion: Topical 5-FU and topical calcipotriol are less effective than cryosurgery in SK in terms of reducing lesion size. However, topical 5-FU reduced the size of lesions more than topical calcipotriol.
Characteristics of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic Suryawati, Nyoman; Praharsini, I Gusti Ayu Agung; Elis Indira, I Gusti Ayu Agung; Darmaputra, I Gusti Nyoman
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 37 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V37.3.2025.153-162

Abstract

Background: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a specific skin manifestation of lupus erythematosus. This condition can be accompanied by systemic involvement that affect patient therapy and prognosis. The characteristics of CLE patients in Indonesia have not been widely reported. This study aims to determine the prevalence and characteristics of CLE patients at Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic of Allergy and Immunology Division at Ngoerah Hospital. Methods: This research used descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional design and total sampling method. Result: The total number of patients was 34, with prevalence of 6.7 cases per 1,000 patients. The majority of patients were female (85.3%), Balinese ethnicity (70.6%), unemployed (53%), with a high school/vocational high school education (56%), and risk factors of sun exposure (80.0%). Most patients had no family history of Lupus erythematosus (LE) (65.7%). The most frequent skin manifestation was chronic type CLE (28.6%). Based on The European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) score, 27 patients (77.1%) met Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) criteria. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) activity, damage, and Mexican Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity (MEX-SLEDAI) scores were 3.35±4.52, 0.88±1.96, and 7.5±5.09. Systemic therapy included methylprednisolone (47%) and hydroxychloroquine (35.2%), topical treatment included high to very high-potency steroids (67.6%), and sunscreen (14.7%). Response therapy was generally good in 68.6% of patients. Conclusion: The most common type of CLE is chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Most patients improved, with the majority using systemic methylprednisolone and topical high-potency corticosteroids. Oral treatment responses tend to be good.
Measurement of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) Minimum Erythema Dosage (MED) Based on Sun Exposure as the Basis of Sunlight Phototherapy: Study of Skin Type III or IV at Various Altitudes in Indonesia Meidiyanti, Prima; Radiono, Sunardi; Stella, Maureen Miracle; Febiyanto, Novian; Arief Budiyanto
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 37 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V37.3.2025.185-189

Abstract

Background: Phototherapy facilities for skin diseases are not widely available in Indonesia. No studies have yet measured the duration of sunbathing to achieve a minimal erythema dose (MED) in healthy volunteers at various altitudes. Purpose: This study calculates the duration of sunbathing to achieve the MED at various altitudes. Methods: This study was conducted in various regions of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with latitude 7◦15’-8◦15’ S and 110◦5’-110◦4’ E, within the Yogyakarta equinox period by including three places with different altitude groups at 10:00 WIB (UTC+7). Forty-eight healthy individuals of skin type III or IV were exposed to sunlight using a photo-opaque template with 8 squares, each with 1 x 1 cm2 holes. The squares will receive an increase in exposure duration of as many as 250 seconds. Result: There was a significant difference in the mean UVB intensity between all heights (p <0.05). The average duration of sunbathing to reach MED at an altitude of 0-300 masl, > 300-600 masl, and > 600-950 masl are 22 minutes 40 seconds, 20 minutes 34 seconds, and 18 minutes 14 seconds, respectively. There is no significant difference in the duration of sunbathing between altitudes of 0-300 masl and 300-600 masl and between 300-600 masl and 600-950 masl (p> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the duration of sunbathing between the altitudes of 0-300 masl and 600-950 masl (p <0.05). Conclusion: A difference exists in the duration of sunbathing required to achieve MED at altitudes greater than 600 masl
Generalized Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption Associated with Allopurinol: A Case Report Anselma Dyah Kartika Hadi; Pamungkas, Cagar Irwin Taufan; Asri Ayu Firdausi; Agnellia Maulidya Utami
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.1.2026.82-87

Abstract

Background: Generalized Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption (GBFDE) is an uncommon type of FDE and is defined as typical FDE lesions accompanied by widespread bullous and skin erosions that is often confused with SJS-TEN due to their similarity in clinical characteristics. Case: A 59-year-old man was presented to the ER with generalized erythematous lesions associated with pain and itchy sensations, and followed by the appearance of bullae after taking allopurinol. He has a previous history of similar erythematous lesions, which he recovered spontaneously 5 months ago. The medical history and clinical presentation inform the clinical diagnosis of GBFDE. He was treated with systemic and topical corticosteroids and antihistamines. He showed clinical improvement during his hospital stay. He was discharged after 5 days of hospitalization with hyperpigmentation lesions. Discussion: GBFDE has clinical features that can mimic SJS-TEN. Despite the significant overlap in clinical features, one can still make some distinctions. Hence, medical history and clinical presentation are crucial to distinguish GBFDE from SJS/TEN. In this case, allopurinol is the culprit medication. The appropriate management of GBFDE is discontinuation of the causative medication and supportive treatment. Performing a careful anamnesis and physical examination is important to distinguish between GBFDE and SJS-TEN. Early identification and discontinuation of the causative drug can help to improve outcomes and prevent future exposure to the same drug.
Morbus Hansen Mimicking Trichoepithelioma with Co-infection of Tuberculous Spondylitis in a Child Budiyarto, Larasati; Mumtazah, Devi Arofah; I Ketut Sukarata; Yufanti Sujudi
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.1.2026.88-93

Abstract

Background: Morbus Hansen (Leprosy) is a chronic bacterial infection disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. According to WHO data in 2020, Indonesia is one of the countries that contributes to the highest number of cases of leprosy in the world. In 2016, there were 18,248 leprosy cases in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 0.71 per 10,000 population. Leprosy presents a challenge in diagnosis, earning it the moniker 'the great imitator' disease Case: A 10-year-old boy presented with skin manifestations of multiple papules and nodules resembling trichoepithelioma on the face, accompanied by erythematous-hyperpigmented plaque on the arm. The histopathology examination of the papule on face revealed orthokeratotic epidermis, clusters of histiocytes and epitheloid cells, foam cells, multiple inflammatory lymphocytes, and a multinucleated giant cell without caseous necrosis, confirming the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous inflammation. The examination revealed acid-fast bacilli. The patient was undergoing treatment for tuberculous spondylitis. The diagnosis was confirmed as multibacillary leprosy and multidrug therapy (MDT) for multibacillary leprosy in children were administered, adjusting the rifampicin dose in accordance with the tuberculous spondylitis treatment. Lesions on the face regressed after two months therapy. Discussion: Diagnosing leprosy based on physical examination is considered tricky due to its varying clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis. It is important for clinicians to acknowledge the diverse skin manifestations of leprosy to detect the disease early and improve treatment outcomes and prognosis.
Knowledge and Attitude of Sunscreen Usage in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Sanjiwani, Made Indira Dianti; Aryadi, I Putu Hendri
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.1.2026.71-81

Abstract

Background: Chronic excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure may cause damage the skin both structurally and functionally. Protection from sunlight is essential to do, one of which is the use of sunscreen. Knowledge and attitudes toward the use of sunscreen in the prevention of skin cancer are important to note. A few studies have investigated sunscreen knowledge and practice in Indonesia; however, to date, no research has compiled data from various regions of the country. It aims to summarize the findings about knowledge and attitude toward sunscreen usage in the published research studies conducted Indonesia. Review: We searched for published literature in English and Indonesian from 2013-2023. We included all studies that assessed the knowledge and practice of using sunscreen in Indonesia. Our search identified 1455 studies, 11 of which included 1843 participants in this systematic review. Based on gender, it was found that there are more female respondents than male respondents. The pooled percentage on the level of knowledge in good, moderate, and poor categories is 42.9%, 44.3%, and 12.8, respectively. Meanwhile.9% had good practices, 32.9% had poor practices, and 28.2% had moderate practices. Conclusion: Knowledge related to sunscreen is obtained generally at a moderate level while the practice of using sunscreen is obtained varies between good, moderate, and poor.
Differences in Serum Albumin and Globulin Levels on the Severity of Radiodermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Yogyakarta Novita Permatasari; Niken Indrastuti; Arief Budiyanto; Niken Trisnowati; Oktarina, Dyah Ayu Mira
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.1.2026.20-26

Abstract

Background: Repeated and accumulated radiation exposure causes radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients. Lack of protein in the body can cause problems with wound healing induced by radiation exposure. Serum albumin and globulin levels are the most convenient protein components to assess. Purpose: To determine differences in serum albumin, serum globulin, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratios for each grade of severity of radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients. Methods: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were taken from the International Cancer Center at a tertiary hospital in Yogyakarta, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A comparative analysis was performed to compare the means. Result: The number of radiodermatitis subjects were 32 patients, with 22 peoples in grade I, four peoples in grade II, and six peoples in grade III. The comparative test results showed differences in the average serum albumin levels for each severity grade: normal levels were obtained in radiodermatitis grades I and III, but low levels were obtained in grade II with a significant difference. There is a significant difference between serum albumin levels and each grade of severity of radiodermatitis. However, no significant results were obtained on serum globulin levels and A/G ratio. Conclusion: Serum albumin levels differ significantly according to the severity of radiodermatitis and may play a role in its progression, whereas serum globulin levels and A/G ratio are not associated. Albumin may be considered a potential clinical indicator in assessing radiodermatitis severity in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Profile of Characteristics, Severity, Location, Lesion Size, and Stress Levels in Patients with Lichen Simplex Chronicus at the Teaching Hospital of Andalas University Nurzain, Muflihati; Gustia, Rina; Liza, Rini Gusya; Asri, Ennesta; Ashal, Taufik; Abdiana
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.1.2026.39-47

Abstract

Background: Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is a form of eczema that damages the skin barrier due to chronic itching. Stress is a contributing factor, leading to a persistent itch–scratch cycle that worsens lesion appearance and size. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the characteristics, severity, lesion location, and size, as well as stress levels, in patients with LSC. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 42 LSC patients from the Dermatology and Venerology Outpatient Clinic at Andalas University Teaching Hospital, diagnosed between August 2019 and August 2023. Samples were selected using simple random sampling. Severity was measured using the EASI score, lesion location was based on medical records, lesion size was measured with a tape, and stress level was assessed using the PSS-10 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis (age, gender, occupation, severity, lesion location, and size). Result: The majority of LSC cases occurred in the 56–65 age group (42.9%), predominantly in women (57.1%), with civil servants being the most common occupation (28.6%). Most patients had mild to moderate severity (40.5%), with the ankle as the most frequent lesion site (26.2%), plaque as the most common lesion type (90.5%), and moderate stress being most prevalent (57.1%). Conclusion: Most patients were aged 56–65, predominantly female, and civil servants. Lesions were mainly mild to moderate in severity, commonly located on the ankle, with the plaque-type being most frequent. Moderate psychological stress was most prevalent.
Comparison of Platelet, Leukocyte, and Erythrocyte Levels in Platelet-Rich Plasma with Centrifugation Speeds of 100 g/400 g and 300 g/750 g in Healthy Individuals Halim, Irene Andriani; Winaya, Ketut Kwartantaya; Puspawati, Ni Made Dwi; Darmaputra, I Gusti Nyoman; Suryawati, Nyoman; Indira, I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.1.2026.7-13

Abstract

Background: Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product obtained through centrifugation and is widely applied in dermatology. Its cellular composition—particularly platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte levels—is influenced by various centrifugation parameters, with centrifugation speed being a critical factor. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the impact of two different centrifugation speeds, 100 g/400 g and 300 g/750 g, on the cellular composition of PRP. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved collecting blood samples from 34 healthy female subjects aged between 18 and 40 years. The samples were processed into PRP using two centrifugation speeds: 100g/400g (referred to as PRP1) and 300g/750g (referred to as PRP2). The counts of platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes were measured before and after centrifugation. Results: The mean platelet count in PRP2 (1,946.76 ± 436.98 × 10³/μL) was significantly higher than in PRP1 (1,445.00 ± 366.34 × 10³/μL; p = 0.000). The mean leukocyte count was significantly greater in PRP1 (58.69±22.82×10³/μL; p = 0.000) compared to PRP2 (32.68±16.20×10³/μL). Erythrocyte contamination was notably lower in PRP1 (0.16 ± 0.06 × 106/μL; p = 0.007) than in PRP2 (0.19 ± 0.06 × 106/μL). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that centrifugation speed was the most significant factor influencing variations in platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte counts (p < 0.05), while age and BMI had no significant impact. Conclusion: A centrifugation speed of 300 g/750 g was more effective in increasing platelet concentration but with erythrocyte levels, whereas the 100 g/400 g speed resulted in PRP with a higher leukocyte content.
Risk Factors For Tinea Imbricata In Keerom Regency, Papua, Indonesia Watopa, Sonia Ridanti; Hidayati, Afif Nurul; Arthur Pohan Kawilarang
Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): APRIL
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/bikkk.V38.1.2026.48-54

Abstract

Background: Tinea imbricata is a chronic superficial fungal infection caused by Trichophyton concentricum, which is endemic in the tropics. The prevalence of this disease in endemic areas is estimated to be around 9% - 18% of the population. Keerom Regency, Papua, has one of the highest cases of Tinea imbricata and continues to be a major public health problem. Understanding the associated risk factors is critical for effective control. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of Tinea imbricata in Keerom Regency, Papua. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study using case control design. Sampling was done by concecutive sampling, the ratio of the number of cases and controls was set at 1:1 (31 cases and 31 controls) so that the total sample size was 62 people. Result: The results of the study with bivariate analysis showed a significant value of risk factors for residential density (p<0.05), risk factors for contact history (p<0.05), the habit of using shared towels / clothes (p<0.05), and family history (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that contact history and family history were the factors most associated with the incidence of Tinea imbricata. Conclusion: This study shows that there is a relationship between residential density, the habit of wearing towels / clothes with patients, contact history and family history and the most related factors are direct contact and family history.

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