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Jurnal Fisika Unand
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 23028491     EISSN : 26862433     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Makalah yang dapat dipublikasikan dalam jurnal ini adalah makalah dalam bidang Fisika meliputi Fisika Atmosfir, Fisika Bumi, Fisika Intrumentasi, Fisika Material, Fisika Nuklir, Fisika Radiasi, Fisika Komputasi, Fisika Teori, Biofisika, ataupun bidang lain yang masih ada kaitannya dengan ilmu fisika.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika Nuklir dan Molekuler, dan Ooptik
Articles 1,796 Documents
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Nanoemulsi Campuran Minyak Flower Musk dan Minyak Atsiri Lili Menggunakan Surfaktan PEG 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil dan Uji Stabilitas Ukurannya Angelita, Flora; Saragih, Horasdia
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 6 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.6.595-605.2025

Abstract

The use of alcohol-based perfumes often causes skin irritation, prompting the development of water-based perfumes. However, the challenge is that essential oils, the main ingredient in perfumes, are hydrophobic. Nanoemulsion technology offers a solution to this problem. Perfume ingredients are formulated in nanometer sizes, then encapsulated with a surfactant so that they can be dispersed homogeneously in water. This study aims to develop a nanoemulsion mixture of flower musk oil and lily essential oil as a water-based perfume and test its stability. Stability is measured by average diameter, standard deviation, and zeta potential. The nanoemulsion is made using PEG-40 HCO surfactant with the atomization technique. Stability was tested by measuring the average diameter and standard deviation on day 0 and after 120 days of storage. In addition, heating tests were conducted at temperatures of 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C. The results showed that after 120 days of storage, there was an increase in the average diameter and a widening of the size distribution. This was due to the Ostwald ripening phenomenon, whereby smaller nanoemulsion molecules diffused and merged with larger ones. The zeta potential of the nanoemulsion was low (-6.6 to -8.1 mV), which was insufficient to prevent instability. However, when the nanoemulsion was heated, its average diameter decreased. Thermal restructuring occurs in the molecules that make up the nanoemulsion and the PEG-40 HCO molecules that encapsulate the nanoemulsion.
Implementasi Smart Irrigation System berbasis Komunikasi ESP-NOW dan Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) di Sawah Area Sumatera Selatan Azzahra, Ayu Kirani; Huwaida, Junita Insyirah Nur; Ariani, Menik; Adnan, Assaidah
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 6 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.6.606-613.2025

Abstract

A Smart Irrigation System has been designed and implemented utilizing the Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) method and ultrasonic sensors to assist farmers in monitoring and maintaining the water level in rice fields to ensure it is at the level required by rice plants. This system sends a WhatsApp notification if the water level exceeds 15 cm above ground level. The ultrasonic sensor calibration results show an R2 value of 1.0, indicating that the sensor has met the linearity standard. Laboratory testing was conducted by varying three water conditions: below ground level 15 cm; exactly 15 cm above ground level; or more than 15 cm from ground level. Communication between the sender and receiver uses the ESP-NOW protocol. The results show that the sender successfully instructs the solenoid valve to open the tap when the water level is below 15 cm so that water can flow and close it again when the water level reaches 15 cm. There is a 7-second delay when the solenoid opens due to the Normally Closed (NC) type which requires high voltage and current. When the water level exceeds 15 cm above ground level, the system successfully sends a notification to the farmer (user) to drain the water from the field. Field tests in rice fields showed that the water level measurement of 25 cm was in accordance with the reference measuring instrument and successfully provided an accurate warning for farmers to turn on the pump so that the water level returned to the ideal status.
Analisis Regangan di Selat Sunda berdasarkan Data GNSS Anggara, Ongky; Alif, Satrio Muhammad; Januarta, Danda Selfa; Maulana, Yoga
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.1.9-15.2026

Abstract

The Sunda Strait is a complex tectonic transition zone between Sumatra and Java, influenced by the interaction between the Indo-Australian and Sundaland plates. This study aims to analyze interseismic displacement patterns and strain accumulation using continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data observations spread across southern Sumatra, the Sunda Strait, and western Java. The analysis results show that GNSS stations along the west coast of Sumatra experience significant shifts to the northwest at varying speeds, reflecting the direct influence of subduction. Meanwhile, stations in the West Java region show a more uniform shift pattern to the southeast. In the Sunda Strait region, a complex displacement pattern is identified, influenced by a combination of tectonic cessation and volcanic activity, particularly around Mount Anak Krakatau. The results of strain accumulation amounted to ~50 nanostrains per year in the tectonically active region. These findings indicate that the Sunda Strait region has high tectonic activity potential and plays an important role in the release of seismic energy in the future. Therefore, continuous geodetic monitoring is essential to support the understanding of cooling processes and disaster mitigation efforts in this region.
Sistem Kontrol Otomatis Pemberian Larutan Nutrisi untuk Tanaman Kale Pada Metode Pertanian Aeroponik Berbasis Mikrokontroler Ardani, Magfira; Firmawati, Nini; Rasyid, Rahmat
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.1.34-40.2026

Abstract

Innovation in agricultural cultivation methods continues to be developed to improve production yields, one of which is the aeroponic system that enables plants to grow without soil media. This study designs and implements a prototype of an automatic control system for nutrient solution delivery in kale cultivation using an aeroponic method. The system is equipped with a DHT22 sensor for temperature and humidity monitoring, a TDS sensor for nutrient concentration measurement, and a JSN-SR04T sensor for solution level detection. The actuators include a fan cooler, a DC water pump, and two mini DC pumps, all operating automatically based on sensor data. The fan cooler is activated at temperatures above 26 °C, the mist nozzle sprays the solution when humidity drops below 88% or periodically every 10 minutes, while the mini DC pumps maintain the nutrient concentration and solution level within optimal ranges. Testing was conducted over 29 days with data recorded at 07:15, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00. The results show that the system can operate automatically, stably, and effectively in maintaining environmental conditions that support the growth of kale plants in an aeroponic system.
Penerapan Sistem Monitoring Suhu dan Kelembaban Ruangan Berbasis IoT untuk Optimalisasi Pengujian Di Laboratorium Riset UPT Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Andalas Apriani, Akmecia Risqa; Margani, Taufik Try; Muldarisnur, Mulda
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.1.41-48.2026

Abstract

The quality of laboratory test results is strongly influenced by temperature and humidity conditions, therefore monitoring these parameters is essential to ensure compliance with ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standards. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based temperature and humidity monitoring system accessible via the Adafruit IO platform. The system is designed using a DHT22 sensor for temperature and humidity detection, with data processing carried out by the ESP32 microcontroller, which transmits the information in realtime to Adafruit IO. The experimental results indicate that the system performs reliably in recording laboratory room conditions, with an average measurement error of 1.873% for temperature and 3.743% for humidity, while the overall accuracy reached 98,127% for temperature and 96,257% for humidity. furthermore, the ESP32 successfully transmitted data to the Adafruit IO dashboard and activated the LED and buzzer as warning indicators when the measured values exceeded the predefined thresholds.
Stabilitas Ukuran Nanoemulsi Parfum Campuran Minyak Atsiri Black Musk dan Lili yang Dienkapsulasi dengan Polimer Tween 80 Ginting, Endru Saperlin Lawren; Saragih, Horasdia
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.1.24-33.2026

Abstract

In this study, a perfume mixture of black musk and lily essential oils was nanoemulsified using a tween 80 polymer encapsulator and dispersed in water to produce a water-based perfume. Water was used as a base to replace alcohol, which often causes side effects on the skin. Its size stability was tested, both as a result of storage time and as a result of heating. The purpose of this study was to produce a water-based perfume from a nanoemulsion mixture of black musk and lily essential oils, and to test its size stability. Nanoemulsion was carried out using an atomization technique. The results showed that the average diameter and standard deviation of the nanoemulsion changed after being stored for 120 days and when heated to a temperature of 45oC. The size change during storage was mainly caused by the very small zeta potential, which did not produce sufficient electrostatic repulsion between the nanoemulsions to prevent Ostwald ripening and coalition. The size change due to heating, in addition to the above, was also caused by the increasing kinetic energy of the tween 80 polymer molecules on the surface of the nanoemulsion, which caused a reorganization (solidification) of its structure. Thus, the stability of the size of the nanoemulsion perfume mixture of black musk and lily essential oils produced in this study was greatly influenced by storage time and heating temperature.
Evaluasi Hubungan Deviasi dan Energi terhadap Kestabilan Keluaran Berkas Elektron pada Pesawat LINAC Varian TrueBeam Sakinah; Wardhani, Primasari Cahya; Arie Chintya Martania; Nur Aini Fauziyah; Wahyu Dwi Lestari
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.1.1-8.2026

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship between electron beam energy and electric charge, as well as the relationship between deviation and energy, to evaluate the output stability of the LINAC machine. Measurements were conducted at BPAFK Surabaya using a Varian TrueBeam LINAC at Hospital X, East Java. The study employed electron energies of 6 MeV, 9 MeV, 12 MeV, 16 MeV, and 18 MeV. The procedure included filling the water phantom with distilled water, setting the source-to-surface distance (SSD) to 100 cm with a radiation field size of 10 cm × 10 cm, and connecting the detector to the electrometer outside the LINAC room. Calibration was performed at the reference depth (Zref) based on the R₅₀ value from the Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) table according to the IAEA TRS-398 standard. Measurements were repeated five times with voltage variations of +300 V, −300 V, and +75 V. The results showed that the maximum electric charge occurred at 12 MeV at a depth of 2.96 cm, while the highest deviation, −0.15%, was observed at 16 MeV—still within the ±2% tolerance limit. Therefore, the LINAC machine is considered stable and suitable for use in radiotherapy.
Sistem Pendeteksi Hama Wereng pada Tanaman Padi Menggunakan Sensor ADXL335 Berbasis Gelombang Radio dan Light Trap H., Junita Insyirah N.; Azzahra, Ayu Kirani; Ariani, Menik; Koriyanti, Erry; Hayati, Ari; Saleh, Khairul; Adnan, Assaidah
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.1.16-23.2026

Abstract

One of the strategies issues that determines the success of a rice crop is how to eradicate pests without using chemicals. Conventional pest control generally uses pesticides that can cause pest resistance, increase production costs, and risk environmental pollution. This study proposes an early detection system for planthopper pests based on the ADXL335 accelerometer sensor to detect vibrations or abnormal movements in rice stalks. Vibration data detected by the ADXL335 is processed together with wind speed data from the Anemometer Sensor to distinguish between vibrations caused by pests and vibrations from wind gusts. If a pest anomaly is detected, the system will automatically activate a Light Trap to physically capture the pests. Furthermore, real-time notifications are also sent to farmers via radio waves via the Telegram short message service. This system is expected to reduce dependence on pesticides, save costs, and support the government's agenda of modernizing agriculture to maintain national food security.
Peningkatan Akurasi Interpretasi Aliran Darah pada Citra Color Doppler Echocardiography (CDE) dengan Metode De-Aliasing Yohanda, Shindy; Oktamuliani, Sri
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 6 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.6.644-652.2025

Abstract

Color Doppler Echocardiography (CDE) is an echocardiographic imaging technique that utilizes the Doppler effect principle to produce images of the heart. However, CDE images often contain aliasing artifacts that can hinder the interpretation of blood flow. This study aims to eliminate aliasing in CDE images of the apical 4-chamber view through the application of a de-aliasing method using MATLAB R2016b, and to evaluate the performance of this method in improving the accuracy of blood flow interpretation across all cardiac structures. The de-aliasing method corrects folded velocity values by extending the Nyquist velocity range. The results show that the maximum velocity value increased after the de-aliasing process, indicating that the Nyquist velocity range was successfully expanded. Furthermore, the method effectively reconstructed the folded velocity values back into a valid range. Visual errors in the form of color inversion were corrected by adjusting the color scheme of the image. Evaluation of the de-aliasing method’s performance demonstrated an improvement in the accuracy of blood flow interpretation throughout the cardiac structures.
Karakterisasi Kuat Impak dan Densitas Komposit Hibrid Polipropilena - Pati Singkong dan Serat Pinang - Serat Eceng Gondok Mahyudin, Alimin; Hanovatias, Yazid Reza
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 14 No 6 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.14.6.630-634.2025

Abstract

The impact strength and density characterization of hybrid composites with polypropylene - cassava starch matrix using areca nut fiber and water hyacinth fiber has been carried out. The purpose of this study is to obtain superior and environmentally friendly hybrid composites. The ratio of areca nut fiber and water hyacinth is 1:1 while the matrix composition is polypropylene, sorbitol and cassava starch is varied with a ratio of 8:1:1. The percentage of fiber used in each sample is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% while the percentage of matrix used is 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%. The tests carried out are impact strength and density. Based on the results of the study, the highest impact strength value is 0.0624 J / mm2 found in the 5% fiber volume fraction. The highest density value is 0.844 g / cm2 found in the 5% fiber volume fraction. Therefore, from the research results, it can be concluded that the impact strength value meets the car dashboard standards and the density value obtained is included in the type of particle board with medium density.

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