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Dr. rer.nat. Muldarisnur
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jfu@sci.unand.ac.id
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Jurusan Fisika, FMIPA, Universitas Andalas ,Kampus Unand Limau Manis Padang 25163
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Fisika Unand
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 23028491     EISSN : 26862433     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu
Makalah yang dapat dipublikasikan dalam jurnal ini adalah makalah dalam bidang Fisika meliputi Fisika Atmosfir, Fisika Bumi, Fisika Intrumentasi, Fisika Material, Fisika Nuklir, Fisika Radiasi, Fisika Komputasi, Fisika Teori, Biofisika, ataupun bidang lain yang masih ada kaitannya dengan ilmu fisika.
Articles 1,790 Documents
Desain Konseptual Teras Reaktor Cepat Berumur Panjang Berpendingin S-CO2 dengan Bahan Bakar Uranium Metalik Alam Rahma Darmawati; Menik Ariani; Fiber Monado
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 9 No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (922.881 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.9.3.401-407.2020

Abstract

Telah dibuat sebuah desain konsep teras reaktor cepat berpendingin S-CO2 dengan bahan bakar uranium metalik alam yang dapat beroperasi dalam waktu yang lama (berumur panjang). Metode penyusunan bahan bakar dilakukan menggunakan strategi burn-up modified CANDLE (Constant Axial shape of Neutron flux, nuclide densities and power shape During Life of Energy production). Strategi pembakaran CANDLE yang dimodifikasi dengan region pertama berada di dekat region terakhir telah diterapkan. Perhitungan teras reaktor dilakukan menggunakan modul CITATION pada sistem kode SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code). Tahap awal penelitian dengan menghitung sel bahan bakar menggunakan modul PIJ sebagai input siklus telah dilakukan. Parameter perhitungan yang diamati adalah nilai faktor multiplikasi efektif (k-eff), distribusi daya arah aksial dan radial serta reaktivitas pada teras reaktor. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan nilai k-eff dari awal siklus pembakaran sekitar 1,0490 hingga akhir siklus sebesar 1,0598. Distribusi daya arah aksial paling besar terjadi pada ketinggian teras 115 cm yaitu sebesar 1,9824 watt/cc. Sedangkan untuk distribusi daya arah radial paling besar terjadi di tengah teras yaitu sebesar 2,1697 watt/cc. Nilai  reaktivitas rata-rata selama waktu operasi sebesar 0,0562. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, keadaan teras reaktor memenuhi syarat untuk beroperasi. The conceptual design of a fast reactor core has been made with S-CO2 as a coolant and natural metallic uranium as a fuel, which can operate for a long time (long-life reactor). The fuel preparation method uses a strategy of burn-up modified CANDLE (Constant Axial shape of Neutron flux, nuclide density, and power shape During Life of  Energy production). The modified CANDLE burning strategy with the first region near the last region has been implemented. The reactor core calculation is performed using the CITATION module on the SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code) code system. The initial phase of research by counting fuel cells using the PIJ module as a cycle input has been carried out. The calculation parameters observed were effective multiplication factor (k-eff), axial and radial power distribution, and reactivity on the reactor core. The calculation results show the k-eff value from the burning of life (BOL) cycle around 1.0490 until the end of the cycle of 1.0598. The largest axial power distribution occurs at the reactor core height of 115 cm,  equal to 1.9824 watts/cc, whereas the largest radial power distribution occurs in the center of the core, which is equal to 2.1697 watts/cc. The average reactivity value during the operation time of around 0.0562. Based on these results, the reactor core condition qualifies for operation.
Analisis Ukuran Teras dan Rasio H/D pada Molten Salt Fast Reactor dalam Tinjauan Neutronik Puti Berkah Azurah; Dian Fitriyani; Sidik Permana
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 10 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (847.626 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.10.1.34-40.2021

Abstract

Telah dilakukan simulasi pada Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) berdaya 100 MWth untuk menganalisis pengaruh bentuk dan ukuran teras terhadap kinerja neutronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan kode komputasi SRAC (Standard Thermal Reactor Analysis Code System) yang dikembangkan oleh JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency). Analisis dilakukan terhadap 9 variasi bentuk dan ukuran teras pada teras MSFR silinder dua dimensi (2-D) dengan peninjauan terhadap parameter neutronik yaitu faktor multiplikasi efektif,. Perhitungan neutronik dilakukan dengan mengatur komposisi bahan bakar dalam teras. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variasi model teras menghasilkan nilai faktor multiplikasi efektif di atas 1,0 pada awal masa operasi reaktor. Model teras C1 (volume teras 6 m3, bentuk teras tall) merupakan model teras yang paling baik dalam mempertahankan kekritisan reaktor dengan reactivity swing sebesar 0,0721. A simulation of 100 MWth Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) has been carried out to analyze the influence of core shape and size to its neutronic performance. This research used computational code SRAC (Standard Thermal Reactor Analysis Code System) developed by JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency). Analysis has been done to 9 variation of core shape and size on two-dimensional (2-D) cylinder of  MSFR in terms of neutronic parameter such as the effective multiplication factor with arrangement of fuel composition. The neutronic calculation shows that all of core type bring out the value of effective multiplication factor above 1,0  in the beginning of reactor operation. C1 is the most optimum core model because it can maintain the criticality of the core reactor with reactivity swing value of 0,0721.
Pengaruh Waktu Ultrasonikasi Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Selulosa Serat Pinang Al Rahman; Alimin Mahyudin
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 9 No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (338.559 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.9.3.331-337.2020

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh waktu ultrasonikasi terhadap sifat mekanik selulosa serat pinang dengan variasi waktu 30, 60, 90, 120 menit dan perlakuan alkalisasi NaOH yaitu 18%. Karakterisasi fasa dan ukuran kristal selulosa menggunakan XRD (X- Ray Diffractometer). Karakterisasi morfologi dan ukuran partikel selulosa menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Karakterisasi transparansi selulosa menggunakan Spectrometer Visible. Sifat mekanik meliputi kuat tarik, regangan, dan modulus elastisitas. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan ukuran kristal adalah 39,77 nm dan indeks kristalinitas 61,89 %. Kekuatan tarik dan modulus elastisitas tertinggi dari serat pinang diperoleh pada waktu ultrasonikasi 30 menit yaitu 0,98 MPa, dan 1,6 MPa. Nilai regangan tertinggi pada waktu 60 menit yaitu 6,2%. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi, perlakuan setelah alkalisasi NaOH dan setelah dihasilkan pemutihan (bleaching) tingkat indek kristalinitas yaitu 61,89 %. A study was conducted on the effect of time on the mechanical reasons for areca cellulose fiber with time variations of 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes and the NaOH alkalization treatment of 18%. Phase and cellulose crystal characterization using XRD (X-Ray Diffractometer). Morphological characterization and cellulose particle size using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Characterization of cellulose approval using a Visible Spectrometer. Mechanical properties of strong coverage, strain, and modulus of elasticity. From the test results, the crystal size was 39.77 nm and the crystallinity index was 61.89%. The highest tensile strength and elastic modulus of areca fiber were obtained at an ultrasonication time of 30 minutes, namely 0.98 MPa and 1.6 MPa. The highest strain value at 60 minutes is 6.2%. Based on the results of the characterization, the treatment after NaOH alkalization and after the resulting bleaching (bleaching) crystallinity index level was 61.89%.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Suhu dan Ketinggian Air Secara Otomatis Pada Kandang Sapi Perah Berbasis Arduino Uno Ines Monica Sari; Nini Firmawati
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 9 No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1378.725 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.9.4.558-564.2020

Abstract

Telah dirancang bangun sistem kontrol suhu dan ketinggian air pada kandang sapi perah secara otomatis. Sistem ini berfungsi untuk mengontrol suhu kandang dan mengontrol air minum sapi perah secara otomatis berdasarkan suhu dan ketinggian air pada wadah di kandang sapi perah yang telah diatur pada program. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan mengukur suhu dan ketinggian air yang terdeteksi oleh sensor DHT22 dan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 kemudian diteruskan ke mikrokontroler. Saat suhu yang didapat < 17ºC maka lampu hidup secara otomatis yang menghasilkan panas untuk meningkatkan suhu kandang sapi perah. Jika suhu > 21ºC maka kipas angin hidup secara otomatis untuk menurunkan suhu kandang sapi perah. Sedangkan ketika ketinggian air di dalam wadah 5 cm dari dasar wadah, maka pompa air akan hidup secara otomatis untuk mengisi wadah air. Pompa air akan mati secara otomatis ketika jarak permukaan air pada wadah 7 cm dari sensor. Sistem terdiri dari sensor DHT22 sebagai pengukur suhu, tiga buah relai sebagai saklar, pompa air mini untuk mengalirkan air ke wadah, sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 untuk mendeteksi ketinggian air, dan LCD untuk menampilkan nilai suhu dan jarak. Sistem ini dikontrol oleh modul Arduino Uno. A water level control system has been designed in an automatic dairy cattle. This systems control. This system functions to control the temperature of the cattle and control the dringking water of dairy cows automatically based on the temperature and height of the water in the container in the dairy cage that has been set in the program. The method used in this study is to measure the temperature and water level detected by the DHT22 sensor and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and then forwarded to the microcontroller. When the temperature is < 17ºC, the lamp turns on automatically which generates heat to increase the temperature of dairy cattle. If the temperature > 21ºC, the fan turns on automatically to reduce the temperature of the dairy cattle. Meanwhile, when the water level in the container is 5 cm from the bottom of the container, the water pump will start automatically to fill the water container. The water pump will automatically shut down when the water level on the container is 7 cm from the sensor. The system consists of a DHT22 sensor as a temperature gauge, three relays as a switch, a mini water pump to drain water to the container, an ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 to detect water levels and an LCD to display temperature and distance values. This system is controlled by the Arduino Uno module. 
Karakteristik Sifat Fisis Tanah Daerah Potensi Longsor di Jalur Sitinjau Lauik Padang-Solok, Sumatera Barat Panji Pajri; Arif Budiman
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (631.822 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.10.2.205-211.2021

Abstract

Pengukuran sifat fisis tanah pada lereng yang telah terjadi longsor dan yang belum terjadi longsor di jalur Sitinjau Lauik telah diteliti dengan metode American Standard Testing and Material (ASTM). Pengamatan dilakukan pada lereng yang telah terjadi longsor (L1 dan L4) dan lereng yang belum terjadi longsor (L2 dan L3). Sampel tanah diambil pada bagian atas tengah, dan bawah dengan kedalaman 30 cm dan 75 cm. Hasil pengukuran sifat fisis tanah menunjukkan bahwa jenis tanah dari keempat lereng didominasi oleh tanah liat berpasir dan lempung. Nilai koefisien keseragaman dengan rentang 2,34−21,48, nilai koefisien gradasi dengan rentang 0,69−3,01, nilai berat spesifik dengan rentang 2,00−2,32, dan nilai kadar air jenuh tanah dengan rentang 24,95−38,60%. Potensi longsor pada lereng L1 masih tinggi yang diidentifikasi dari jenis tanah lempung yang masih berada pada medan gelincir dan kadar air yang tinggi. Lereng yang belum mengalami longsor (L2 dan L3) memiliki potensi longsor yang sangat tinggi karena jenis tanah yang mengandung lempung. Kandungan fraksi lempung yang sedikit pada lereng L4 menyebabkan potensi longsor pada lereng ini terbilang rendah. Berdasarkan jenis tanah yang mengandung lempung dan kemiringan rata-rata, lereng yang berpotensi longsor dari yang terbesar adalah lereng L3, L1, L2, dan L4. Measurement of the physical properties of soil on slopes that have occurred landslides and those that have not occurred in the Sitinjau Lauik line has been investigated using the American Standard Testing and Materials (ASTM) method. Observations were made on slopes that had landslides (L1 and L4) and slopes where landslides had not occurred (L2 and L3). Soil samples were taken at the top, middle, and bottom with a depth of 30 cm and 75 cm. The results of the measurement of the physical properties of the soil show that the soil types of the four slopes are dominated by sandy loam and clay. The values of the uniformity coefficient are ranging from 2.34 to 21.48, the value of the grading coefficient are ranging from 0.69 to 3.01,weight values specifics are ranging from 2.00 to 2.32, and soil saturated water content valuesare ranging from 24.95% to 38.60%. The potential for landslides on the L1 slope is still high, which is identified from the type of clay soil that is still in a sliding field and has high water content. Slopes that have not experienced landslides (L2 and L3) have a very high potential for landslides due to the type of soil that contains clay. The small clay fraction content on the L4 slope causes the potential for landslides on this slope to be low. Based on the type of soil that contains clay and the average slope, the slopes with the largest potential for landslides are the slopes L3, L1, L2, and L4.
Karakterisasi Sifat Mekanik Film PVA Berserat Selulosa Kulit Buah Pinang (Areca Catechu L) yang Mengalami Perlakuan NaOH Hanifah Karmuliani; Alimin Mahyudin
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 9 No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (560.968 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.9.4.495-501.2020

Abstract

Penelitian telah dilakukan mengenai karakterisasi sifat mekanik film PVA berserat selulosa kulit buah pinang yang mengalami perlakuan NaOH. Serat pinang diberi perlakuan NaOH 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan 10% kemudian serat direndam selama 4 jam. Tahap penelitian ini adalah penghalusan serat, perendaman serat, ekstraksi selulosa, pemutihan serat, proses sonikasi, dan pembentukan film bioplastik dengan pencampuran antara selulosa dengan matrik film polyvinil alcohol (PVA). Untuk mengetahui karakteristik sifat mekanik menggunakan alat uji tarik. Nilai optimum kekuatan tarik diperoleh pada variasi konsentrasi NaOH 5 % yaitu sebesar 1,27 MPa, nilai regangan tertinggi pada konsentrasi NaOH 10 % yaitu 0,077 dan modulus elastisitas tertinggi pada NaOH 5 % yaitu sebesar 17,39 MPa. Nilai absorbansi tertinggi di peroleh pada konsentrasi NaOH 2,5 % yaitu sebesar 2,897. Penelitian ini memiliki prospek untuk mengembangkan bahan alam untuk pembuatan material maju berupa film bioplastik seperti kaca ITO, dan anti gores handphone. Research has been carried out on the characterization of of PVA fibrous cellulose’s mechanical properties, betel nut skin, which has NaOH treatment. Areca nut is treated with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% then the fiber is soaked for 4 hours. The stages of this research are fiber refinement, fiber immersion, cellulose extraction, fiber bleaching, sonication process, and the formation of bioplastic films by mixing cellulose with a polyvinyl alcohol film matrix. To determine the characterization of mechanical properties using a tensile test tool. The optimal value of tensile strength occurs at 5% NaOH concentration variation of 1.27 MPa. The highest strain value at 10% NaOH concentration is 0.077, and the highest modulus of elasticity at 5% NaOH is 17.39 MPa. The highest absorbance value was obtained at a 2.5% NaOH concentration of 2.897. This research has the prospect of developing other materials for the manufacture of advanced materials in the form of bioplastic films such as ITO glass and mobile phone scratch resistance.
Perancangan Alat Ukur Kelajuan Kendaraan Bermotor Berbasis Kamera CCD Novia Dwi Agustri; Harmadi Harmadi
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 10 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (622.849 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.10.2.149-155.2021

Abstract

Telah dilakukan perancangan kamera alat ukur kendaraan bermotor berbasis CCD. Masukan berupa video streaming pada ruas jalan satu arah. Metode yang digunakan analisis citra background subtraction dan image thresholding. Analisis citra pada Raspberry Pi menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Python dan library OpenCV . Kendaraan bermotor yang terdeteksi dari perubahan nilai piksel sebuah bingkai dengan referensi bingkai dalam mode latar belakang dan ambang batas gambar . Kelajuan didapat dari wilayah jarakdibagi waktu. Waktu didapatkan Dari Jangka Waktu Bingkai dibagi frame rate kamera. Nilai kelajuan yang dicari pada PC. Pengujian kelajuan kendaraan bermotor dilakukan dengan uji coba alat ukur dan alat pembanding speedometer. Hasil penguji menunjukkan bahwa perancangan alat ukur kelajuan kendaraan bermotor berbasis kamera CCD telah mampu mengukur kelajuan kendaraan dengan kesalahan rata-rata pada mobil 4,175% dan sepeda motor 3,76%.The design of a CCD camera-based motor vehicle speed meter has been designed. Input in the form of video streaming on a one-way street. The method used is image background subtraction and image thresholding. Image analysis is processed on the Raspberry Pi using the Python programming language and the OpenCV library. Vehicle movement is detected by changing the pixel value of a frame with a reference frame. The speed is obtained from the region distance divided by time. Time is obtained from the number of frames divided by the camera frame rate. The speed values obtained are displayed on the PC. Testing the speed of a motorized vehicle is done by testing a measuring instrument and a speedometer comparison tool. The test results show that the design of a CCD camera-based motor vehicle speed measuring instrument has been able to measure vehicle speed with an average error of 4.175% for cars and 3.76% for motorbikes.
Rancang Bangun Alat pendeteksi Tingkat Tekanan Bunyi Terhadap Respon Membran Timpani Berbasis Serat Optik Miftah Ikhwani; Harmadi Harmadi; Dolly Irfandy
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 10 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3592.687 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.10.3.274-280.2021

Abstract

It has been designed a sound pressure level detection for response of tympanic membrane based on optical fiber with extrinsic method. The fiber optic sensor is used to measure the sound pressure level by utilizing the output voltage change. The sound level pressure values obtained are displayed on OLED display. Testing tools with sound level meter comparison tool to test sound pressure level in poly ENT patients. The test results show that at sound pressure level measurement with frequency 200 Hz to 300 Hz, the average accuracy is 93.42% for right ear, at the same time for left ear the average accuracy is 94.58%. The test of compliance measurement the average accuracy is 77.97% for the right ear, at the same time for the left ear the average accuracy is 70.74%. The testing of the appliance to patient in Andalas University hospital poly ENT were detect the values of sound pressure level 60 dB to 65 dB. 
Penentuan Energi Keadaan Dasar Osilator Kuantum Anharmonik Menggunakan Metode Random Walk Iklas Sanubary; Yudha Arman
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 10 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1011.582 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.10.3.317-323.2021

Abstract

Pada penelitian ini, energi keadaan dasar osilator kuantum anharmonik diperoleh menggunakan metode random walk. Suku anharmonik yang digunakan adalah lambda(x^3) dengan memvariasikan nilai lambda. Teori gangguan digunakan untuk memverifikasi hasil metode random walk. Energi keadaan dasar osilator kuantum anharmonik yang diperoleh menggunakan metode random walk memilki sesilih maksimum sebesar  4,107x10^-3 hw atau sekitar 0,8% dibandingkan dengan teori gangguan.
Sintesis Lapisan Antikorosi Menggunakan Tanin Ekstrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa L) sebagai Inhibitor dengan Metode Elektrodeposisi dan Pencelupan Disgie Ulfika Loveanda; Dahyunir Dahlan
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 10 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (845.028 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.10.3.288-295.2021

Abstract

A research has been carried out on the effect of the Terminalia Catappa L extract  as an inhibitor on the corrosion rate of commercial steel St-37. This study aims to form a layer on the steel surface. The coating using electrodeposition and immersion methods. The layers were made of 1 M CuSO4 solution, 0.24 M boric acid (H3BO3) and distilled water with the addition of Ketapang leaf extract at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9% by volume in the electrodeposition method and 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% in the dyeing method. The characterization was carried out using an optical microscope and XRD characterization, while the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency were obtained using the weight loss method. The optimum corrosion rate and efficiency of the inhibitor occurred at a variation of the inhibitor concentration of 3%. In the electrodeposition method the corrosion rate was 3.3 x 10-3 g/cm2.hour with 71% inhibition efficiency and in the immersion method the corrosion rate was 4.4 x 10-3 g/cm2.hour with 34% inhibition efficiency. The surface morphology of the steel coating using the electrodeposition and immersion methods obtained smooth and even results. 

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