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<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF NaOH CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE ON ZEOLITE SYNTHETIS FROM FLY ASH BY HIDROTHERMAL ALKALI ]]>
Jumaeri Jumaeri; Sutarno Sutarno; Eko Sri Kunarti; Sri Juari Santosa
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[Zeolite synthesis from coal fly ash PLTU Tanjung Jati Japara was conducted by hydrothermal alkali. Preparation was done on fly-ash that has been refluxed with 1M of HCl and without refluxed. NaOH with certain concentration (2, 3, and 4M) was mixed with coal fly-ash by ratio 10 ml each 1 gram of fly ash into Teflon tube 100 ml at autoclave stainless-steel. Then, autoclave was heated on the oven at temperature of 120-1600C. Synthetic zeolite ouput was qualitative tested by using infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, and SEM. The result showed that NaOH concentration, temperature, and hydrothermal alkali period of coal fly ash was affecting characterization of zeolite ouput. The temperature which use for optimally hydrothermal processes exist on range 140 "“160oC. The increase of temperature causes improving crystallization of zeolite products. Hydrothermal synthetic product from fly ash is alumina-silica compound which are a mixture of some crystals such as P zeolite, Y zeolite, sodalite, mullite, and quartz.]]>
<![CDATA[Cs ION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF ZEOLITE BAYAH, LAMPUNG, AND TASIKMALAYA ]]>
Noviarty Noviarty; Dian Anggraini; Arif Nugroho
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[Cs ions exchange process has been conducted on natural zeolite (from Bayah, Lampung, and Tasikmalaya) which was activated with ammonium chloride. NH4-zeolite which was formed, is used to exchanger or absorber material of Cs ions. The duration of ions exchange process was optimized by varying the stirring time of 1 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 24 hours. In all three zeolite types was obtained the optimization process time are the contact time of 1 hours. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of natural zeolite was determined by standard methods. Attempts to obtain a monocation zeolite as a NH4-zeolite effectively acquired about 88% which used as a exchanger or absorber Cs ions. The effectiveness of Cs ions Cation exchange capacity with the ammonium was determined by batch-exchange for 1 hour. The calculation result o effectiveness CEC-Cs are 1.4269 Meq/gram ± 0.0397, RSD: 2.79% for Bayah zeolite, 1.4476 Meq/gram ± 0.0103, RSD: 0.71% for Lampung zeolite, 1.4044 Meq/gram ± 0.0050, RSD: 0.36% for Tasikmalaya zeolite. Stability of Cs-zeolte bond against heat treatment was tested at temperature of 25°, 300°, 600 °, 900°, and 1200 °C. The result showed that the relea se of Cs-ions is not significant from zeolite structure. The heating below 900°C, the release of Cs-ions jus t occurs on the surface (it was not change the initial of zeolite structure), whereas above that temperature was occurs the changed of zeolite structure, although there was not visible the release of Cs-ions on leaching process at the water. The conclusion is all three types of natural zeolite was potentially to be used as Cs-ions isolate which is especially useful to absorbing Cs-radioactive isotope as a result from fission of nuclear fuel element.]]>
<![CDATA[THE KINETIC OF CYCLIZATION-ACETYLATION (R)-(+)-CITRONELLAL WITH ANHYDRIDE ACETIC ACID WHICH CATALYZED OF Zn2+-NATURAL ZEOLITE ]]>
Edy Cahyono; M. Muchalal; Triyono Triyono; Harno Dwi Pranowo
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[Reaction kinetic of acetylation-cyclization (R)- (+)-citronellal with acetic acid anhydride which catalyzed Zn2+-zeolite (Zn2+-Za) was analyzed by Langmuir- Hinshelwood Models. (R)-(+)-citronellal isolated from lemongrass oil with fractionation distillation reduced pressure and analyzed anantiomer ratio with GC chiral column β- DEX 225. Catalyst preparation of Zn2+-Za conducted by acid activation on natural zeolite Malang 100 mesh using 1% HF and 6 M HCl, then soaked on 0,1 M NH4Cl. Calcination was done at 450oC during 1 hour with N2 flow to achieved H-natural zeolite (HZa). Cation exchange H-Za with 0,1 M ZnCl2 conducted to obtain Zn2+-natural zeolit (Zn2+-Za). Reactions of Cyclization-acetylation (R )-(+)- citronellal using a catalyst of Zn2+-Za was done by varying molar ratio of (R )-(+)- citronellal with acetic acid anhydride, namely 0.25, 0.5, 1.0; 1, 25; 1.5. During the reaction, into system, samples were taken each 1 mL of reaction with duration 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 180 minutes. Reaction product was extracted with n-hexana. Structure elucidation was done by GC-MS, FTIR spectrophotometer, and 1H-NMR spectrometer. The result showed a greater molar ratio (R)-(+)-citronellal against quantity of acetic acid anhydride acetic, pulegil total was decline. Acetylation-cyclization catalyzed with Zn2+-Za on duration of 30 minutes and 80°C has k of 30.964 to 47.619 mmol (minute.gram catalyst)-1 and KSIT/KAA of 7.09.]]>
<![CDATA[PHOTOCATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF TiO2-NATURAL ZEOLITE FROM TASIKMALAYA FOR PHOTODEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE ]]>
Arfan Sani A.; Atiek Rostika N.; Diana Rakhmawaty
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[Photocatalyst is reaction process of one materials to another materials which aided by energy from ultraviolet radiation and solid catalyst. The study conducted by making a catalyst based on variation concentrates from natural zeolite Cikalong-Tasikmalaya with addition of TiO2. The test of photocatalytic activity was conducted on methylene blue. The purpose this study to obtain a new photocatalytic is modified of natural zeolite with TiO2 which expected had a high reactivity so able to used on waste fluid processing. The step was conducted were activated natural zeolite, than making of photocatalytic from TiO2 and natural zeolite, and the last is drying on the oven and calcination at 5000C. In the diffraction pattern of TiO2-zeolit (20%) there was a peak of TiO2 around of 2θ about 25,3o, it is indicated that TiO2 was surroundings on natural zeolite. TiO2-zeolit (20%) which was analyzed with SEM showed that active metal of TiO2 has been surroundings on surface of zeolite. Analysis of gas absorption (GSA) with BET methods showed an increase wide of 7,0 m2/g for zeolite and19,4 m2/g for TiO2-zeolit (20%). Best degradation of methylene blue was indicated by TiO2-zeolit (20%) with the value of 82,5% after the radiation with ultraviolet for 80 minutes and measured by visible UV spectrophotometer.]]>
<![CDATA[MODIFICATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITE AS MOLECULAR SIEVE MATERIAL ON BIOETHANOL DEHYDRATION ]]>
Khaidir Khaidir; Dwi Setyaningsih; Hery Haerudin
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study aimed to find a method of modification zeolite structure so it has a fit pore size to used on bioethanol dehydration process and acquiring bioethanol quality for fuel. The method used by heating the mixture of ethanol azeotropic and water at distillation flask which passed through on the column filled by zeolite molecular sieve. The result showed that zeolite modifications (ZMS) have a better characteristic for used on bioethanol dehydration process than natural zeolite. The result which obtained on dehydration process using ZMS was better rather than commercial zeolite 3 A and natural zeolite. Concentration of bioethanol obtained by using ZMS has increased 3,14%.]]>
<![CDATA[THE DESULFURIZATION OF DIESEL FUEL USING NATURAL ZEOLITE ADSORBENT ]]>
Anda Lusia
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 1 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[Common way has been done to reduce sulfur in fuels is by conventional techniques of hydro desulphurization (HDS), which needs high investment to reduce sulfur bounded as aromatic organosulphur. The alternative technologies of sulfur reduction is using a zeolite absorbent are promising due to ambient operating condition and simple technology. The experiment of sulfur reduction conducted by batch with temperatures around 25oC and contact time around 2 hours with stirring magnetic stirrer speed 100 RPM and addition some of weight zeolites into 100 mL of diesel fuels. Application of natural zeolite Lampung and Malang in experiment of sulfur reduction at diesel fuel with addition 1 g showed that sorption capacity (q) of zeolite Malang (0,58-0.60) larger than Zeolite Lampung (7,17) which is equally to sulfur reduction (h) of zeolite Malang (i.e. 7,17) in which larger than that of zeolite lampung (i.e. 1,48%). The desulphurization treatment using Ni metal ion addition into zeolite shown the increasing of sorption capacity of Ni-Zeolite toward the decreasing of sulphur in diesel fuels. The highest improvement capacity of sorption occurred on zeolite Malang with addition 0.5 g Ni-zeolite that is 1.72.]]>
<![CDATA[THE PATTERN OF NITROGEN RELEASE FROM SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER UREA-ZEOLITEHUMIC ACID ]]>
Ganda Darmono Nainggolan; Suwardi Suwardi; Darmawan Darmawan
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[Nitrogen is essential nutrient for plants, deficiency of nutrient causes plants could not growth normally. Nitrogen is easily lost from soil so to reduce his lost by forming fertilizers available in slow form (slow release). Some materials can be used to create a slow release of which having high cation exchange capacity (CEC). Zeolite and humic acid are materials which have a highest CEC so it make possible to use as a slow release materials. The study aimed to determine the rate and pattern of nitrogen release from mixture formulas Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) and urea-zeolite and humic-acid (UZA) and comparing rate of nitrogen release with urea pril. The study conducted in laboratory with incubation experiment during 14th weeks. Determination ammonium and nitrate was conducted by extracting the soil with extractant hydrodistillation 0.1 N HCl + 1 N KCl. The result showed that a higher humic acid concentration was given on fertilizer causes a nitrogen release become ammonium and nitrate more slowly. SRF H5 (urea:zeolit, 70%:30% with humic acid of 5%) have a slowest nitrogen release rate rather than five types of Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) formulas which containing a humic acid. However, SRF H1 and H3 fertilizer (with humic acid of 1% and 3%) have a most efficiency nitrogen release rate rather than five types of Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) which is containing a humid acid.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF ZEOLITE RATES ON GROWTH Cd SHOOT CONTENT AND YEILD OF THE LATTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA L.) UNDER HEAVY METAL CADMIUM STRESS ]]>
Noertjahyani Noertjahyani; Nunung Sondari
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal which can poison the plants. It is can inhibit the growth of plants moreover cause cell death. The lettuce is one of vegetables that are usually consumption on fresh. This plant adsorbing Cd from soil and accumulate on leaf greater than root. The study aimed to study the effect of zeolite rates to growth, cadmium shoot content, and lettuce (L. sativa) under Cd stress condition. The experiment was conducted on February until April 2009 at greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Winaya Mukti University Tanjungsari- Sumedang with elevation of 850 asl. The experiment design was using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments and repeated six times. Zeolite rates treatments are 0 ton ha-1, 2 ton ha-1, 4 ton ha-1, and 6 ton ha -1 of zeolite. The result showed that given zeolite is not only could increase a plant height, leaf number, plant fresh weight, dry weight fade, root fade ratio, but also could reduce a Cd shoot content of lettuce. Application of 6 ton ha-1 zeolite not only gave the best effect to plant height age of 14 days after planting (dap), 21 dap, and 28 dap, leaf number/plant, fresh weight/plant, dry weight fade, root fade ratio, but also reduce a Cd shoot content of lettuce at 25,14%.]]>
<![CDATA[THE INFLUENCE OF SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER UREA-ZEOLITE-HUMIC ACID (UZA) TO PADDYS PRODUCTIVITY VARIETY CIHERANG ]]>
Kurniawan Riau Pratomo; Suwardi Suwardi; Darmawan Darmawan
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) is a modification fertilizer which aims to improving subtances efficiency on fertilizers by organizing the release slowly or gradually. The methods which used to made a SRF has any variety such as enlarging size, smoothing fertilizer surface, mixing with another difficult soluble materials, and covering fertilizer with certain ingredients so releasing fertilizer under soil more slowly. Some materials can be used as SRF materials are zeolite and humic acid. Zeolite is a silicate mineral which have a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) (varying between 80-180 meq/100g), fit hollow space to ammonium ion size so it have high adsorption capacity to ammonium ion. Meanwhile, humic acid which extracted from inorganic materials has a high CEC too. In this study, urea fertilizer has easily lost characteristics because of leaching and evaporation was conducted by covering zeolite and humic acid. The study aimed to find a proper dosage from combinations of urea, zeolite, and humic acid (UZA) for the paddy and to find proper applications of UZA for paddy. The experiment was conducted in green house with paddy variety Ciherang as an indicator plant. Paddy was fertilized with a standard dosage of N fertilizer from UZA with humic acid value of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. UZA fertilizer can improving paddy growth and productivity. UZA fertilizer with 1% humic acid dose is a the best dosage for paddy. The spread distribution of UZA was better than buried on the mud.]]>
<![CDATA[PERFORMANCE OF MALE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) AGE 28-63 DAYS IN THE COTE WITH HUSK LAYER, SAND LAYER, AND ZEOLITE LAYER WITH PARTITION OR NOT ]]>
Rakhmadi I.; Muladno Muladno; H. C. H. Siregar; Pollung H. Siagian
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Zeolit Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009): Vol. 8 No. 2 (2009) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institut Teknologi Bandung ]]>
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<![CDATA[The study aimed to analyze the effect of different layer types with pertition or not against perfomence male mice ages 28-63 days and to find out the information of ammonia on different layer cotes. The parameters measured were feed intake BK, dringking water, beginning and ending BW, ADG, feed convertions, mortality, and ammonia on cages. CRD designs was used in 3 x 2 factorial experiment, the first factor are types of layer (huks, sand, and zeolite) and the seconds factor are partition of layer (without insulation and section). The data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA if there are a real result, followed by Tukey test appeal. The data which not suitabele with the parameters was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, whereas the ammonia on cote described descriptively. The result showed that different types of layer most significant (p]]>
