JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health)
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan with registered number ISSN 1829-7285 (printed) and ISSN 2540-881x (online) is a scientific open access journal published by Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Our journal aims to become a media of research results dissemination and exchange of scientific work of various groups, academics, practitioners and government agencies. Since 2018, this journal in one year will be published four times in January, April, July, and October.
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<![CDATA[Literature Review: Healthy Home as The New Normal for Covid19 Prevention ]]>
<![CDATA[Fairuz Haniyah Ramadhani]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.1-10
<![CDATA[Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has 2 pathways of spread which are direct (through droplets) and indirect (through the surface of objects affected by droplets or through air). Therefore, social distancing by staying in home is one of the key to prevent the spread of Covid19. However, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly common in family level. The risk of family members getting infected is higher because they begin to move outside the house during new normal. Accordingly, a good home environment is needed to improve its residents' health. This study aims to determine the benefits of implementing healthy home as the new normal in preventing the spread of Covid19 at family level. Discussion: This study was a literature review using literature research as the data source. The literature used were in the form of research journals and articles on Covid19 and healthy home. The data used were research studies conducted from January 2016 to June 2020. There was 9 articles, about benefit healthy home on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, that selected in this study. Healthy home was the idea of homes that have fulfilled the health standards with adequate sanitation. Healthy home was purposively built to make the residents feel comfortable and stay healthy at all times. The components of healthy home were: good ventilation; natural lighting of the house; occupancy density; residents' behavior; and waste management. Conclusion: The application of healthy home principle had many benefits for its residents and was closely related to Covid19 prevention.]]>
<![CDATA[The Mental Health of Medical Workers During the Covid19 Pandemic: How Do We Manage It? ]]>
<![CDATA[Devi Arine Kusumawardani]]>;
<![CDATA[Globila Nurika]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurul Ulya Luthfiyana]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.21-28
<![CDATA[Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic has occurred in many countries and caused a world health crisis. The morbidity dan mortality rate due to Covid-19 still rising until now. The outbreak of Covid-19 was not only affected the mental health of community but also affect the medical workers as the frontline. Therefore, we present an overview of the mental health outcomes in medical workers and describe the management at the organizational and personal level. Literature is obtained through searches from the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases which are further classified and summarized based on research questions. Discussion: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of medical workers shows that the majority of workers experience anxiety, insomnia, depression to severe stress. The risk of mental disorders in women is higher than men, nurses are higher than doctors, and middle and junior positions are higher than senior degrees. Efforts that have been made in controlling mental health problems for workers in health services include periodic mental health monitoring, psychological support through self-care, mindfulness techniques, active listening, music therapy, internal counseling, and problem solving among ourselves. In addition, workers in health services must also get social support such as instrumental support to emotional support in the workplace. Conclusion: Medical workers in the health services have a very high risk of experiencing mental health problems during the Covid-19 pandemic so that the role of leaders in every health care facility is required in carrying out stress management activities in the workplace.]]>
<![CDATA[The Relationship of Student's Knowledge Level with Anxiety and Precautions the Spread Covid19 in West Nusa Tenggara ]]>
<![CDATA[Kholik Kholik]]>;
<![CDATA[Ni Ketut Alit Suarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Eneng Garnika]]>;
<![CDATA[Moch Taufik Hidayatullah]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.45-50
<![CDATA[Introduction: The level of knowledge of college students about Coronavirus-19 (Covid19) will affect to precaution the spread of this disease. Students as intellectuals can be at the forefront of breaking the chain of the spread of Covid19. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the knowledge of Mandalika University of Science (UNDIKMA) college students about the spread of Covid19 and the level of anxiety and precaution the spread of Covid19. Method: This study used a cross-sectional survey with a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 38 of 325 UNDIKMA college students registered in PDDikti with the purposive sampling method. The modified questionnaire instrument from the WHO Survey Tool and Guidance was sent via email and Whatsapp from May to June 2020. Data on the level of college student's knowledge about the spread of Covid19, anxiety and precautions the spread of Covid19 will be analyzed using the chi-square test. Result and Discussion: The level of college student's knowledge with a high category about the spread of Covid19 was 52.6%, the level of college student's anxiety with a high category was 57.9%, and the level of precaution the spread of Covid19 for college students with a good category was 55.3% from 38 students. The results of the bivariate analysis on the relationship between the level of college student's knowledge about the spread of Covid19 and the level of anxiety were not significant with p> 0.05 (p-value = 0.064), the relationship between the level of college student's knowledge about the spread of Covid19 and the precaution of the spread of Covid19 not significant with p> 0.05 (p-value = 0.064).Conclusion: The high level of college student's knowledge of Mandalika University of Science (UNDIKMA) about the spread of Covid19 showed no a significant relationship with anxiety and precautions the spread Covid19 in West Nusa Tenggara at pandemic situation so learning models that can reduce anxiety and raise awareness to take precaution the spread of Covid19 are needed in a disease pandemic situation.]]>
<![CDATA[Experience and Insight Author in Preventing and Curbing the Novel Coronavirus (Covid19) Outbreak ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahmidha Dwijayanti]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.79-88
<![CDATA[Introduction: In December 31, 2019, China gave bad news the World Health Organization (WHO) throughtout an outbreak of a mysterious pneumonia characteristic in Wuhan, which is located in Hubei Province with 11 million people. On 1 January 2020, the source of the Coronavirus outbreak is a seafood market that has been closed. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan City, where the virus was first detected, fit that description to a tee, with vendors illegally trading in wild and exotic animals alongside the daily ocean catch. Discussion: This literature review retrieved the articles from databases such as Springer, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The articles on preventing were 17 articles and curbing were 15 articles. The literatur review is a critical and in-depth evaluation of previous research to obtain important information about the dangers of the corona virus and the important of preventing and curbing the corona virus. Guidance regarding personal protective equipment in infection prevention and control is provided by WHO. Goggles and face shield must always be used to protect against potential hazards, and health workers don't touch mucous membranes (eyes, nose or mouth). Conclusion: Recommendations for preventing health and preventing Covid19 are: limiting physical contact or being in a room with people without symptoms, covering the mouth with a tissue when sneezing or coughing and then throwing the tissue into the trash. If there are no tissues, use your sleeves to avoid liquids or droplets on other people or sticking to nearby objects, do not travel to the red zone against the spread of Covid19, rub hands properly for 20 seconds with soap and water, If it is quite difficult to find water, it is advisable to always have a Hand Sanitizer with an alcohol content of at least 60% which is believed to be able to kill germs. Recommendation for curbing the spread the Covid19 include: lockdown, stay at home, and physical inactivity.]]>
<![CDATA[Study Literature Review : The Effect of Lockdown on the Covid19 Pandemic Period on Air Quality ]]>
<![CDATA[Shofi Hikmatus Zahro]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.11-20
<![CDATA[Introduction: Covid19 is an infectious disease caused by the corona virus. This virus was first detected in Wuhan China. Covid19 has been defined as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) since March 11, 2020. So there needs to be a policy to overcome the pandemic by implementing lockdown. The effect on the health sector one of which is environmental health includes air quality. The purpose of this literature review study is to determine the effect of the lockdown policy during the Covid19 pandemic on air quality parameters. Discussion: This research used a narrative literature review method. Selected journals that match the topic and inclusion criteria. The results of data analysis show that there is an effect of the lockdown policy during the Covid19 pandemic, namely an increase in AQI and O3 . Meanwhile, decreased concentration occurs in the PM10; PM2.5; NO2 ; CO; and SO2 parameters. Conclusion: Lockdown policy provided a big influence on the air quality in Sale City Marocco and Sao Paulo Brazil. Lockdown policies during the Covid19 period strongly influenced the concentration of NO2 .6]]>
<![CDATA[The Impact of Covid19 Pandemic on Online Learning Process in the College at Southeast Sulawesi ]]>
<![CDATA[Alchamdani Alchamdani]]>;
<![CDATA[Fatmasari Fatmasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Eka Rahmadani Anugrah]]>;
<![CDATA[Nahda Putri Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Freddrika Putri]]>;
<![CDATA[Astina Astina]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.129-136
<![CDATA[Introduction: The health crisis that occurred due to the Covid19 pandemic has an impact on the education sector. Universities in Southeast Sulawesi issued a policy to study at home during the Covid19 emergency response period. The existence of the study at home policy caused the change in the learning. The learning process cannot be done directly and is transferred through online learning. The research objective was to determine the impact of the Covid19 pandemic of the online learning process of universities in Southeast Sulawesi. Method: The type of research is a descriptive research and the technique is purposive sampling. The sample in this study were 170 students from several universities in Southeast Sulawesi. Data collection techniques by distributing the questionnaires using google form. Result and Discussion: The results show that the application of online learning is a new experience that provides convenience and flexibility in studying without having to go to campus. Regardless, online learning is still experiencing obstacles. The availability of inadequate network access resulted in unclear communication and instructions in lectures. The ability of the economy to fulfill internet quotas hinders student participation in taking online lectures. Excessive workload makes student concentration decrease. Conclusion: The government needs to ensure the availability of adequate internet network access in all regions and campuses provide subsidized internet quota for students. So, the lecture activities can be run smoothly and as expected.]]>
<![CDATA[Microbiology Indoor Air Quality at Hospital During the Covid19 Pandemic ]]>
<![CDATA[Aryatama Rahardhiman]]>;
<![CDATA[Ririh Yudhastuti]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Azizah]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.89-92
<![CDATA[Introduction: Covid19 was an acute respiratory disease with fever, cough, and out of breath as the symptoms. WHO reported that until June 21st 2020, there were 8,708,008 cases were confirmed with 461,715 number of death (CFR 5.3%). In Indonesia, there were 45,891 cases were confirmed with 2,465 number of death (CFR 37%). People who were most at risk were people who physically close contact with the Covid19 patient, including health workers. The purpose of this study was to know the microbiology indoor air quality of Covid19 patient at Hospital before and during the pandemic. Method: The study design of this research was observational cross sectional. The study was done at a Hospital in East Java on December 2019 – June 2020. The sample of this research was a ward's air in a Hospital. The research variable was the number of microbiology, temperature, and humidity of the ward of Covid19 patient that was measured 3 different points of measurement each rooms. Result and Discussion: The result showed that the average of the number of microbiology before the pandemic was about 46.31 CFU/m3 with the average of the temperature was 27.64°C and the humidity was 44.58%, while during the pandemic the number of microbiology in the air increased to 64 CFU/m3 with the average of the temperature was 27.77°C and the humidity was about 42.46%. Based on the statistic analysis, there were differences between the numbers of the microbiology before and during the pandemic in the ward of Covid19 patients (p value 0.00). Conclusion: The result showed that the number of the microbiology was increased before and during the pandemic although it was still under the quality standard. Increasing of Covid19 patient was the probably reason of the increasing the number of the indoor air microbiology. It was recommended the hospital requires to control the air quality of the treatment room by regulating air ventilation.]]>
<![CDATA[Review: Medical Waste Management for Covid19 ]]>
<![CDATA[Hendri Sutrisno]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitriana Meilasari]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.104-120
<![CDATA[Introduction: Medical waste generation during the Covid19 pandemic increased by around 30%. Sources of medical waste generation are health care activities. If medical waste is not appropriately managed, it can pollute the environment and disturb health. The purpose of the review is to identify the potential of medical waste in health-care facilities in Indonesia when the Covid19 pandemic and to review medical waste management in Indonesia. The analysis uses a systematic literature review. Discussion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 epidemic is infectious waste (PPE wastes), sharps waste (syringes), chemical waste (expired medicines), and pharmaceutical waste (the used alcohol bottles when rapid tests). The hazardous waste management system refers to Government Regulation No. 101 year 2014 about Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste and and Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry of Republic Indonesia No. P.56/MenlhkSetjen/2015 about Procedures and Technical Requirements for Waste Management Hazardous and Toxic From the Health Service Facilities. Infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste are destroyed with incinerators. Syringe residues were damaged with a needle shredder. Residue and incineration ashes are processed using solidification. If the heavy metal content under the quality standards, then the waste can be landfill. Conclusion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 pandemic is infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste. Medical waste generated must be appropriately managed. Proper medical waste management can prevent environmental pollution and the spread of disease. One of the processing of potential medical waste is incineration. The incineration system produces residue and ash waste that must further be handled so that it does not pollute the environment and disturb health.]]>
<![CDATA[Management of Solid Medical Waste on One of the Covid19 Referral Hospitals in Surabaya, East Java ]]>
<![CDATA[Rani Ayu Wardani]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Azizah]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.38-44
<![CDATA[Introduction: e Covid19 virus has an outer lipid sheath that is not tolerant towards disinfectants, but this virus can quickly infect humans with a fairly high mortality rate. The increasing Covid19 patients directly proportional the amount of solid medical waste production in hospitals. This study aims to identify the health protocol in solid medical waste management in one of the Covid19 patient referral hospitals in Surabaya, East Java. Method: We used descriptive observational research with secondary data for the data compiling method. The obtained data were then compared with the 2020 Guidebook on Waste Management in Referral Hospitals, Emergency Hospitals, and Public Health Centers that Handles Covid19 Patients, issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Result and Discussion: Research results showed that the management of all solid medical waste yielded from the Covid19 Special Isolation Room is directly infectious, went through the incineration process using an incinerator with the primary burner set at 800o C and the secondary burner set at minus 1.000o C. The usage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by medical waste trolley carriers was inappropriate. The officers only used surgical masks, head caps, gloves, shirt, and work shoes, without using any apron. Conclusion: Health protocol for medical waste management in one of the Covid19 patient referral hospitals in Surabaya, East Java has been implemented, but the usage of PPE by medical waste trolley carriers was still inappropriate.]]>
<![CDATA[How is The Coronavirus Outbreak Affecting The Daily Lives of University Students? ]]>
<![CDATA[Dita Fahrun Nisa]]>;
<![CDATA[Nuzulul Kusuma Putri]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 12 No. 1si (2020): SPECIAL ISSUE ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.137-144
<![CDATA[Introduction: Covid19 disease is rapidly becoming a health problem in the world and has changed many aspects of human life. Many schools, including universities worldwide, have adjusted their way of the teaching method. While new online learning technologies have disrupted the sociocultural environment in higher education, there is a high possibility that students also faced a turbulent time. This study analyzed how the coronavirus outbreak affects the daily lives of university students. Method: This study used a cross-sectional study design which was conducted a month after the learning from home policy was implemented in Indonesia. We surveyed second and third-year university students about their experiences during this difficult time. There are 255 students of Public Health Bachelor Program responded to the survey. We asked what emotion they dominantly feel during the study at home period and how this pandemic changes their daily life. Their responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Result and Discussion: The results showed that most students felt happy (41.51%) and the rest felt sad (34.38%) while studying at home. The other feelings are fear as much as 15.81%, surprise 7.91%, and anger 0.39%. We identified seven impacts of pandemic on the student's life. Four consequences related to the school closures, while three consequences related to the students development as human being. Conclusion: The study at home policy applies during the Covid19 pandemic has affected the lives of students both in their roles as students, adult and children in the family.]]>
