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Jaya Hardi
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Program Studi Kimia Fakultas MIPA, Uniiversitas Tadulako Jl. Soekarno-Hatta Km. 9, Tondo Palu, 94117
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INDONESIA
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia
Published by Universitas Tadulako
ISSN : -     EISSN : 24775398     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia is a peer-reviewed journal of chemistry published by the Tadulako University, Indonesia. This journal concern with publishing the original research articles, review articles, and the current issues related to chemistry. Publishing frequency 3 issues per year, in April, August, and December.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 12 no. 2 (2026): august edition" : 7 Documents clear
Design and Optimization of Fe Doped TiO2 Photocatalytic Reactors for Pollutant Degradation: A Systematic Literature Review Misriyani Misriyani; Emil Hardiansyah
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2026.v12.i2.18038

Abstract

Environmental pollution caused by industrial wastewater containing persistent organic compounds has become a major global concern. Photocatalytic technology based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) has attracted significant attention due to its strong oxidation capability, chemical stability, and environmental compatibility. However, the relatively wide band gap of TiO2 limits its activity mainly to ultraviolet light. Metal doping, particularly with iron (Fe), has been widely investigated as a strategy to enhance visible light absorption and suppress electron–hole recombination, thereby improving photocatalytic performance. This study aims to analyze the development and optimization of Fe-doped TiO2 photocatalytic reactors for pollutant degradation through a systematic literature review. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines, and relevant articles were collected from three major scientific databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. A total of 166 articles were initially identified, and after screening and eligibility assessment, 18 studies were included in the final analysis. The results show that synthesis methods such as sol–gel and hydrothermal techniques significantly influence catalyst properties and photocatalytic activity. In addition, reactor configurations including packed-bed, fluidized-bed, and photocatalytic membrane reactors play an important role in improving degradation efficiency through optimized light distribution and mass transfer. Reported pollutant degradation efficiencies ranged from approximately 45% to over 99%, depending on operating conditions and reactor design. Despite promising laboratory-scale results, further research is required to improve reactor scalability, catalyst stability, and energy efficiency for large-scale environmental applications.
Effect of Spent Coffee Grounds on the Organoleptic Properties, pH, Moisturizing Effect, and Skin Irritation of Body Scrub Formulated with Waste Cooking-Olive Oils Liquid Soap Syamsul Bakhri; Lastri Wiyani; Dhea Kirana Faradila Amir; Rilda Yasifa Idznih; Isna Rahmayanti Burhanuddin; Rewnita Shahra Asmin
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2026.v12.i2.18123

Abstract

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) have potential as a sustainable exfoliating material for body scrub formulations. This study evaluated the effects of systematically varying the proportions of SCG and liquid soap derived from waste cooking oil and olive oil on the organoleptic properties, pH, moisturizing effect, and skin irritation responses of body scrubs. Three formulations containing 3% cornstarch were prepared with SCG and liquid soap proportions of 40:57% (V1), 50:47% (V2), and 60:37% (V3), respectively. Organoleptic properties were evaluated descriptively, pH was measured in triplicate, and moisturizing and irritation responses were assessed observationally in 13 respondents. Increasing SCG progressively changed the texture from smooth (V1) to moderately coarse (V2) and coarse (V3), while all formulations exhibited a coffee odor and black color. The pH values were 7.87 0.23, 7.70 0.07, and 7.38 0.38 for V1, V2, and V3, respectively, all within the pH range of 4.5–8.0 adopted according to SNI 16-4399-1996, with no significant differences among formulations [one-way ANOVA, F(2,6) = 2.781, p = 0.140]. Positive moisturizing responses were observed in all respondents for V1 and V2 (13/13; 100%), but not for V3 (0/13; 0%). No itching, erythema, or edema was observed for any formulation during the 30-min observation period. Overall, V1 exhibited the most favorable combination of characteristics among the formulations evaluated. These findings indicate that the SCG–liquid soap compositional balance is an important formulation factor influencing the physicochemical and observed skin-response characteristics of SCG-based body scrubs.
Formulation of Encapsulated Extracts from Local Palu Red Onion Bulbs (Allium cepa var. aggregatum L.) Using Carrageenan Coating: Characterization, Stability, and Antioxidant Activity Nurhaeni; Aulia Pariusi Pariusi; Aini Auliana Amar; Ruslan; Abdul Rahman Razak; Indriani
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2026.v12.i2.18156

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the optimal concentration of carrageenan as a coating matrix for extracts of local Palu red onion bulbs (Allium cepa var. aggregatum L.) using the ion gelation method to characterise their properties, stability and antioxidant activity. The technique of converting liquid samples into small particles is known as microencapsulation. Carrageenan was formulated at varying concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%) with the addition of 0.1% Na-TPP. Testing of antioxidant activity at a concentration of 0.3% yielded the highest antioxidant activity of 87.59%. The ANOVA test results showed that the matrix concentration had a significant effect (<0.05) on antioxidant activity. A total phenolic content of 49.61 mg GAE/g was observed in the 0.3% carrageenan sample. Carrageenan was stable at temperatures of 25°C and 40°C. FTIR characterisation of the encapsulation process indicated the presence of spectra showing interactions between the coating matrix and the extract, revealing changes in functional groups. PSA analysis indicated a particle size of 2100 µm.
Ethanolic Soxhlet Extract of Harendong Leaf (Melastoma malabathricum): A Study of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity Maysah Purnamasari; Sumaah
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2026.v12.i2.18216

Abstract

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Nanohydroxyapatite Using a Biotemplate Pepi Helza Yanti; Mardian Siregar; Tri Nugraha Saputra
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2026.v12.i2.18223

Abstract

In Silico Analysis of Pinocembrin Inclusion Complexes with beta-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-beta-Cyclodextrin Using DFT and Molecular Docking Syifa Prasetya Putri; I Gusti Made Sanjaya; Muhammad Ikhlas Abdjan
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2026.v12.i2.18233

Abstract

Fe Removal by Pistia stratiotes Under Mixed-Metal Conditions: Evaluating Ionic Competition During Phytoremediation Ninik Triayu Susparini; Marwita; Holisha Widiyanto; Lusi Aferta; Dian Susvira; Boima Situmeang
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2026.v12.i2.18238

Abstract

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