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Y. Andi Trisyono
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 2 (2002)" : 8 Documents clear
Paraquat Toxicity on the Growth of Rhizobium sp. in a Synthetic Medium Erni Martani
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12366

Abstract

Toxicity of paraquat on the growth of several strains of Rhizobium sp. in Yeast Extract Mannitol medium was studied. Various concentrations of paraquat 100, ranged from O (control) to 100 ppm were applied. Qualitative examination was done using paper disc diffusion technique, and the quantitative examination was conducted based on the change in cell density in medium measured by plate count method.Qualitative data showed that effect or paraquat was species specific. Some strains of Rhizobium sp., namely Rhizobium sp. strain T-37 and QF, were tolerant to paraquat until100 ppm, but other strains were sensitive to paraquat, especially at high concentration.Quantitative examination to the sensitive strains shows that higher concentration of paraquat caused higher toxicity to the growth of Rhizobium. Rhizobium sp. strain G-69 and  G-182.paraquat addition at 100 ppm slightly decreased cell density from 10 to 10 CFU/mL. Rhizobium japonicum strains 143 and KS were tolerant to 20 and 40 ppm of paraquat; their cell density increased from 10^6 to a level of 10&7 or 10^8 CFU/mL depend on the strain. This level was not significantly lower than those in medium without paraquat, in which maximal population density reached to 10^8 or 10^9 CFU/mL. Addition of higher paraquat concentration damaged the cell of these strains, and caused population density increased specifically to a level of 10^1 CFU/mL. The data which showed that paraquat was toxic to Rhizobium sp. were important growth inhibitor, because growth inhibition of these bacteria may influence the formation of root nodule on leguminous plants, and in turn will decrease the yield. Due to widely applied paraquat in agricultural and plantation systems, and the role of Rhizobium in nitrigen fixation, these results are important for minimizing the impact of paraquat application.
Kajian Beberapa Jamur Entomopatogenik pada Ulat Daun Kubis Hijau, Plutella xylostella Tri Harjaka; Suryanti Suryanti
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12362

Abstract

The use of entomopathogenic fungi for controlling Diamond Back Moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. still limited. Even though there are some entomopathogenic fungi could infect DBM. The aim of this research is to know the kind of entomopatogenic fungi on DBM to be used as biological control agent. Some isolates of  fungi were collected  from DBM infected by  the fungi  on field  in Central Java and  Yogyakarta. Fungi infecting DBM was  isolated, and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Purification, identification and  infection tests were done to know  the potency of each fungal isolates. The results showed thatfive species of fungi infecting DBM, are Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces sp. Entomophthora sp.and Hirsutella sp.
Catatan Singkat Penelitian Eksploratif Periode 1997 - 2002 Soeprapto Mangoendihardjo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12367

Abstract

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Variabilitas Strain-Strain PStV pada Tingkat Molekul Berdasarkan Gen Protein Selubung dan 3' UTR (Untranslated Region) Genom RNA PStV Hasriadi Mat Akin; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12318

Abstract

Variability of various peanut stripe virus (PStV) strains at the molecular level was studied based on nucleotide sequence of coat protein (CP) cistron and 3' UTR (untranslated region). Six PStV strains causing different types of symptoms on peanut leaves (Arachis hypogaea var. Landak) were used in this study. Fourteen point mutations on the coat protein gene have been identified among the PStV strains, however, only two point mutations at three positions (9309 of PStV-lsb and PStV-lbs and 9885 of PStV-Ibs) resulted in amino acid residue changed of the coat protein. Pair comparison among six 3' UTR sequences of the strains revealed a 97.9 - 100% sequence similarity. The results provided evidence that all the strains were of the same virus and there is no correlation between typical symptoms of the PStV infection and CP sequence variability among the strains.
Ecdysone Agonist: New Insecticides with Novel Mode of Action Y. Andi Trisyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.10229

Abstract

Development of insect resistance to insecticide has been the major driving force for the development of new insecticides. Awareness and demand from public for more environmentally friendly insecticides have contributed in shifting the trend from using broad spectrum to selective insecticides. As a result, scientists have looked for new target sites beyond the nervous system. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are more selective insecticides than conventional insecticides, and ecdysone agonists are the newest IGRs being commercialized, e.g. tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide, and halofenozide. Ecdysone agonists bind to the ecdysteroid receptors, and they act similarly to the molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. The binding provides larvae or nymphs with a signal to enter a premature and lethal molting cycle. In addition, the ecdysone agonists cause a reduction in the number of eggs laid by female insects. The ecdysone agonists are being developed as selective biorational insecticides. Tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide are used to control lepidopteran insect pests, whereas halofenozide is being used to control coleopteran insect pests. Their selectivity is due to differences in the binding affinity between these compounds to the receptors in insects from different orders. The selectivity of these compounds makes them candidates to be used in combinations with other control strategies to develop integrated pest management programs in agricultural ecosystems.
IPM Technology and Its Incentives to Rice Farmers in Yogyakarta Province Irham Irham
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12363

Abstract

Negative externality impacts on environment and human health are the consequences of continuous and heavy use of chemical pesticides. It has also brought about adverse effects towards agricultural production since it was found that only 1 % of the inputs was absorbed by the plants, while the rest was left to the environment as poisonous waste. Realizing such serious problems the Indonesian government waived subsidy for chemical pesticides in 1989 and at the same time Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program was introduced. To see the superiority of IPM technology it is important to evaluate the program in two ways: (l) evaluating whether the IPM technology has successfully reduced the use of chemical pesticides, and (2) what incentives the IPM technology provides to the farmers in coping with the risk of crop loss due to the pest damage. The study found the IPM technology successfully reduced the application of chemical pesticides in Yogyakarta province without sacrificing the level of rice output for the farmers. The study concludes that IPM technology provides incentives to the farmers in the form of lower pest damage, lower crop loss, and better yield so that the farmers are willing to adopt this technology in their rice farming.
Seleksi Resistansi Wereng Batang Padi Coklat terhadap Insektisida Fipronil Melhanah Melhanah; Witjaksono Witjaksono; Y. A. Trisyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12364

Abstract

The rice brown planthoper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae), is one of  key pests on rice. The use of insecticides unwisely has caused N. lugens to develop resistance. The objective of this research was to determine the potency of N. lugens to develop resistance through laboratory, selections to fipronil, a relatively new insecticide.  A population of N. lugens was collected from rice field in Muntilan, Central Java during the outbreak in 2001. Selections were carried out every generation for four generations against third instars. Selection was started by dipping Cisadane rice seedlings in a solution of fipronil (50 ppm). The concentration was increased every generation, and the concentration used for the last selection (the fourth generation) was 250 ppm. To determine the rate of resistance development, biassays were carried out to estimate LC50 of fipronil against selected and non-selected populations of N. lugens, and their LC50 values were compared to that of the laboratory population. The laboratory population has been in the laboratory for 15 years without any insecticides exposure. The founding population was as susceptible as the laboratory population to fipronil because their LC50 values were similar. Even though the concentration for selections was increased from generation to generation, the survival rate of N. lugens increased steadily. After four generations of selection, the resistance of selected population was 27.3 times than the non-selected population. These findings indicate that N. lugens population has the potency to develop resistance to fipronil in a continuous selection pressure is applied.
Pengaruh Demihipo dan ZPT (Decamon®) terhadap Mortalitas Telur dan Serangan Lalat Pengorok Daun, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) pada Tanaman Kentang I Wayan Supartha
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 8, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12365

Abstract

Field experiment to determine the effectiveness of demihipo and Decamon® to induce the egg extrusion and reduce L. huidobrensis population larvae on potato was conducted in Pancasari, Buleleng (Bali) from February to August 1999. The results indicated that application of Decamon to the plant was significantly able to increase egg-extrusion of L. huidobrensis from the leaf compared with the other treatments. While, weekly application of insecticide (demihipo) was also significantly able to reduce the Larvae population on the plant. The application of the combination of both control measure (plant growth regulator or PGR) and insecticide (demihipo) was the most effective control to reduce the feeding or ovipositional-punctures of adult on the leaves. Therefore, the application of PGR and insecticide was the best to prevent and reduce the population development of L. huidobrensis in the field. In general, all control measures were able to increase the yield and advantage-added of the farmer. However, the highest increased of the yield and advantage-added in wet season were given by the plant treated with PGR (Decamon®), while in dry season given by the plant treated with the combination of PGR and demihipo.

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