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Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December" : 20 Documents clear
Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Tree Reconstruction of Marine Fish Species from the Fishing Port of Kutaradja, Banda Aceh Sapto Andriyono; Adrian Damora; Hyun-Woo Kim
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.71955

Abstract

The enormous potential of marine resources possessed by Banda Aceh Province is expected to be utilised optimally. Accuracy in marine fish resource identification is a critical requirement to support their utilisation and preservation in Banda Aceh Province. In this study, a molecular identification approach was carried out in addition to conducting a morphological identification, commonly used by several scientists. The results were 47 COI sequences generated representing 33 genera, 19 families, and five orders. From the resulting COI partial sequences, there is one potential haplotype from the Scombridae family (Auxis thazard), two potential haplotypes from the Carangidae family (Elagatis bipinnulata and Decapterus macarellus), and two potential haplotypes from the Serranidae family (Variola albimarginata and Cephalopholis sonnerati). This study is essential for fisheries biological studies and other fisheries studies to support the sustainable utilisation of marine fisheries potential in Banda Aceh.
Management Strategies of Mangrove Biodiversity and the Role of Sustainable Ecotourism in Achieving Development Goals Prima Wahyu Titisari; Elfis Elfis; Indry Chahyana; Nadiatul Janna; Haliza Nurdila; Ranti Sri Widari
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.72243

Abstract

Mangrove forest is a unique and vulnerable ecosystem. This ecosystem serves both ecological and economic purposes. The Siak government has begun to develop the Sungai Apit District mangrove area, which has potential. The goal of this research was to develop a sustainable mangrove ecotourism strategy through five research goals: (1) identification of mangrove species diversity; (2) identification of ecotourism supply; (3) identification of ecotourism demand, (4) development strategy of mangrove ecotourism, and (5) development of the potential for mangrove ecotourism to increase the SDGs value. This research was conducted from January to April 2020. The supply and demand of natural tourism objects and attractions were assessed using ADO-ODTWA criteria analysis. The IFAS/EFAS and SWOT analysis was used to develop a mangrove ecotourism development strategy based on the valuation of ADO-ODTWA aspects. The contribution of mangrove ecotourism to UNESCO’s SDG indicators for sustainable development. According to research, there are 35 species of mangroves on the Sungai Apit coast. The outcomes demonstrated that the feasibility level of tourism attractions (204 points) and supporting elements (472 points) met high-level criteria. It indicated that the area had a high potential for development as a mangrove ecotourism area. Based on IFAS/EFAS, SWOT analysis and the grand strategy selection matrix, the position of mangrove ecotourism strategy was in Quadrant I (Strength-Opportunity). The strategy that could be developed included (1) developing special interest mangrove ecotourism product; (2) increasing facilities; (3) improving the quality of human resources; (4) developing a network on the website and (5) increasing coordination with the Government. By implementing ecotourism strategy, the SDGs can be achieved, including: no poverty (goal 1); decent work and economic growth (goal 8); climate action (goal 13); life below water (goal 14); life on land (goal 15); and partnerships to achieve goals (goal 17). 
An Extensive Review on Production, Purification, and Bioactive Application of Different Classes of Bacteriocin Manovina Manoharan; Thamarai Selvi Balasubramaniam
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.72735

Abstract

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) synthesize various metabolites during their growth phase and are Generally Recognized as­­ Safe (GRAS) and Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS). Ribosomally synthesized Antimicrobial Peptides (AMP) or Bacteriocins from the genera of Lactic Acid Bacteria and other prokaryotic genera are cationic, heat-stable, amphiphilic and the membrane permeabilizing peptides built with an excess amount of lysyl and arginyl residues. Antimicrobial compounds produced by LAB depend on the physical and biological conditions of microbial culture. Different classes of bacteriocin are produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The production of bacteriocin is influenced by various environmental factors. Bacteriocin has a wide variety of applications in various fields.   The application spectrum of bacteriocins can be expanded in various domains such as food processing, biomedical, and personal care due to the increase in the number of newly discovered bacteriocins. Bacteriocins acquire a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity with minimal level of cytotoxicity. In addition, bacteriocins were studied for their anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines. Selective binding of bacteriocins (cationic) towards cancer cells (anionic) increases the cytotoxicity of cancer cells. Bacteriocin peptides initiate necrosis by communicating with the cell surface which selectively targets and kills the cells with tumor formation and does not cause any damage to the normal healthy cells. In this review, the bacteriocins synthesized from lactic acid bacteria along with their interaction with cancer cell lines and other applications are discussed along with a few examples of other bioactive compounds produced by LAB. 
The Gastrointestinal Parasites in Habituated Group of Sulawesi Black-crested Macaque (Macaca nigra) in Tangkoko, North Sulawesi Sitti Aisyah May Wulandari; Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah; Erni Sulistiawati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.73044

Abstract

The Sulawesi black-crested macaque (Macaca nigra) is an endemic primate of North Sulawesi that is categorized as critically endangered (IUCN 2015). Endoparasite contributes to the decline of M.nigra. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of endoparasites in the Sulawesi black-crested macaque (M. nigra). We collected 80 fresh fecal samples representing all sex from the two habituated groups. We analyzed them using the direct examination technique (0.9% NaCl, iodine, methylene blue) and flotation technique with the modified McMaster test. A total of 15 endoparasite taxa were recorded and 78 of 80 samples were infected with at least one or several endoparasite taxa. Around 93.75% (75/80) samples were positive for protozoa (Balantidium sp., Entamoeba sp., Giardia sp., and Isospora sp.) and 88.75% (71/80) samples were positive for helminths (Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Haemonchus sp., Trichuris sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Ascarid sp., Diphyllobothrium sp., Echinococcus sp., Hymenolepis sp., Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mekongi). The abundance of protozoa was higher than helminth, although the number of helminth taxon (11) was higher. The average temperature and monthly rainfall did not affect the number of endoparasites (EPG). The prevalence was higher in females than males due to different social styles; female crested macaques are more tolerant than males. The group with a larger number of individuals had a higher prevalence of endoparasites. These results confirm the presence and high diversity of gastrointestinal endoparasites in M. nigra, which can help to understand transmission dynamics and zoonotic potential, as well as to consider conservation policies. 
Population structure and habitat preference of cave crickets (Rhaphidophora sp. (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae)) in Sanghyang Kenit cave, Citatah karst area, West Java Isma Dwi Kurniawan; Rahmat Taufiq Mustahiq Akbar; Risda Arba Ulfa; Mentari Kusuma Wardani; Birama Satria
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.73051

Abstract

Cave crickets are considered as a keystone species that can be used as a cave ecosystem bioindicator. Developing caves as tourism has considerable potential to disturb cave cricket populations. This study aimed to investigate cave cricket population structure and their habitat preference in Sanghyang Kenit cave one year after it developed into a show cave. Data were collected through standardized visual searching in three cave zones: entrance, twilight, and dark. Besides cave crickets, other macroarthropods discovered in each zone were also recorded. Abiotic parameters of habitat comprised air and soil temperatures, RH, soil moisture, soil pH, and light intensity were measured. Data were analyzed to show cave crickets abundance, density, sex ratio, and age structure. Statistical analysis comprising Kruskal Wallis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and correlation tests were performed. The cave cricket population in Sanghyang Kenit belonged to a single species, Rhaphidophora sp. The population was around 78-108 individuals and distributed in all cave zones. The abundance and density in twilight and dark zones were significantly higher than in the entrance. The number of males outperformed females with a 2.16 ratio. Besides, the population was dominated by the sub-adult class. Environmental parameters of twilight and dark zones tended to be similar to one another compared to the entrance. Cave crickets preferred habitats with dark, humid, and acidic soil pH. Heteropoda sp. and Catagaeus sp. were considered potential predators. This study implies the importance of protecting cave crickets in Sanghyang Kenit. 
Reef Fish Diversity in Jayapura City, Indonesia: A Preliminary Study Baigo Hamuna; Lisiard Dimara; Alianto Alianto
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.73094

Abstract

As one of the marine areas included in the world's Coral Triangle region, Yos Sudarso Bay have a potential reef fish diversity that needs to be studied. However, there is very little information about reef fish diversity in these waters to date. This study aims to determine the species diversity of reef fish in Yos Sudarso Bay, Jayapura City, Indonesia. The study was conducted in April 2020 at seven sites; six of them located inside the Yos Sudarso Bay and one more located outside the bay. Sampling was carried out using the Underwater Visual Census method (25 m long and 5 m wide). Relative abundance by species, and diversity (H´), evenness (E), and dominance (C) indices were calculated. A total of 1,075 individual reef fish was recorded in seven study sites, representing 122 species and 26 families. Locations showed differences in reef fish abundance (86 to 215 individuals/125 m2), diversity (H´= 2.462 to 3.358), evenness (E = 0.770 to 0.887), and dominance (C = 0.047 to 0.155). This study has provided preliminary information on species diversity, fish abundance, and the ecological index of reef fish in Yos Sudarso Bay, Jayapura City. 
Flower Structures of Averrhoa dolichocarpa Rugayah & Sunarti Tri Yuni Indah Wulansari; Seni Kurnia Senjaya; Inggit Puji Astuti
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.74585

Abstract

Hermaphrodites are believed to be the ancestral characters of flowering plants. However, plants have developed spatially and functionally in arrangements to reduce the chances of self-fertilization. One well-known spatial arrangement is heterostyly. This arrangement is found in almost all Oxalidaceae species, including Averrhoa spp. The question that arises with the discovery of two new species of Averrhoa is how the spatial flower arrangement of the new species is. This study observed flowers of A. dolichocarpa to prove heterostyly of the species. We also compared morphological and anatomical characteristics among flower morphs of A. dolichocarpa. Three flower morphs, S-morph, M-morph, and L-morph, were observed, proving that A. dolichocarpa is tristyly. Morphologically and anatomically, there was no significant difference between the three flower morphs. Differences in morphometry were found in three flower morphs. In addition to the notable differences in style length in heterostyly, differences in ovary height between flower morphs were observed. The flower morphology and anatomy of A. dolichocarpa are similar to that of A. carambola and A. bilimbi and follow the general pattern of Oxalidaceae. 
Molecular Mechanism of Inhibition of Cell Proliferation: An In Silico Study of the Active Compounds in Curcuma longa as an Anticancer Selliana Maretha Wijaya Kusuma; Didik Huswo Utomo; R Susanti
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.74905

Abstract

Cancer is one of the death causes in the world. Many plants act as anticancer, one of them is Curcuma longa. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanism of compounds in Curcuma longa as an anticancer using in silico. These research methods included exploration of the active compounds of Curcuma longa plants, prediction of their activity, human intestinal absorption test, test of Lipinski's rule of five, molecular docking, and interactions of receptor with compounds as well as signaling pathways. The results showed that Curcuma longa had 20 compounds that have the potential as an anticancer. As many as 5 of the 20 active compounds, namely α-curcumene, curcumenol, curcumin, curcumin II, and curcumin III had a value of Pa > 0.3 and HIA above 80%. The results of molecular docking of α-curcumene, curcumenol, curcumin, curcumin II, and curcumin III compounds with protein receptors of VEGFR-2, EGFR, and FGFR-1 showed ∆Gbind values of -5.0 to -7.5 kcal/mol. The compound in Curcuma longa that had the most effective activity as an anticancer was curcumin with a ∆Gbind value of -7.5 kcal/mol at the FGFR-1 receptor. Curcumin molecular mechanism as antiproliferative was revealed computationally through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
The Hypolipidemic Effect of Mountain Papaya and Bitter Melon Fruit Ethanolic Extract in Diabetic Rats Heru Sasongko; Ratih Guswinda Lestari; Rika Dwi Indasari; Risky Diah Wulandari; Salistia Musta’ani
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.75349

Abstract

Traditional medicine has been developed rapidly throughout the world to treat hyperlipidemia. However, the use of a single compound in hyperlipidemia treatment usually have low efficacy. Therefore, a combination of ingredients is bound to have  more synergistic impact in therapy. This research aimed to examine the hypolipidemic potential of mountain papaya (MPE) and bitter melon fruit ethanolic extract (BME) in alloxan-induced rats. Forty rats divided into eight groups were used in this study. Groups are divided into normal control, negative control, positive control, as well as MPE and BME groups which divided into single doses and three combination doses. Induction of 150 mg/kg alloxan intraperitoneally were performed to generate a model of diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The treatment was carried out for four weeks of the experiment. The single and combination doses of both extracts sufficiently exhibited hypolipidemic activity (p < 0.05). The levels of lipid profiles total such as cholesterol, triacylglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and very high-density lipoprotein were decreased after MPE and BME administration (p < 0.05). The combination of MPE and BME also has hypolipidemic action equivalent to simvastatin. The single and combined doses of mountain papaya, as well as bitter melon fruit ethanolic extracts, have the potential to improve the biochemical (lipid profile) modifications of alloxan-induced.
Molecular Bird Sexing of Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea, Gmelin 1788) Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Method Inggit Nindika Dianing Ratri; Irhamna Putri Rahmawati; Warih Pulung Nugrahani; Aris Haryanto
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.76463

Abstract

The yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea, Gmelin 1788) is an endemic bird in eastern part of Indonesia with monomorphic characteristics and included in the list of endangered birds.  A method of sex determine in monomorphic birds is by molecular sexing which is based on the PCR amplification of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 1 (CHD-1) gene of the bird sex chromosome. This study was aimed to sex determine of the C. sulphurea by amplifying the CHD-1 gene on the Z and W chromosomes and comparing the PCR amplification results from peripheral blood and plucked feathers samples. The samples used were four birds of C. sulphurea from the Wildlife Rescue Centre (WRC), Yogyakarta. The feathers obtained from the ventral wings of each bird were plucked. Through the cutting of the birds' nails, the peripheral blood samples were collected into microhematocrit tubes which contained Heparin. The amplification of the CHD-1 gene used the PCR method with specific primers, such as NP, P2, and MP. Moreover, the PCR results were visualized on 1.5% agarose gel using UV-Transilluminator, at a wavelength of 280 nm. The PCR products (amplicons) were in 297 bp and 392 bp DNA bands, depending on the sex of the bird being tested. It was also observed that the male C. sulphurea produced single 392 bp DNA fragment of the Z chromosome. However, the female birds produced two DNA fragments of the Z and W chromosomes, with a length of 297 bp and 392 bp. The results showed that samples obtained from peripheral blood produced clearer DNA bands compared to plucked feather. It concludes that the extracted DNA from peripheral blood samples have a better quality compared to samples from plucked feathers. Amplification of the CHD-1 gene in male C. sulphurea generated only a single DNA fragment in size of 392 bp, so the four C. sulphurea were male birds.

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