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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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The antiviral activity of srikaya seed (Annona squamosa L.) ethanolic extract against newcastle disease virus in chicken embryo Nanik Sulistyani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 2, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp62-67

Srikaya (A. squamosa L.) is a plant containing polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid and saponin compounds. These compounds could be extracted by ethanol solvent. Previous study shown that infuse of Srikaya seed had antiviral activity with value of IC50 3,236 'g/mL against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). Therefore, the aim of research is to know the potency of ethanolic extract of Srikaya seed as antiviral against Newcastle Disease Virus.The 28 chicken embryos at age of 9-11 days were classified into 7 groups, i.e. : control of virus, control of solvent ethanol : aquadest (1:10) and treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of Srikaya seed with concentration 0.1 'g/mL; 0.15 'g/mL; 0.2 'g/mL; 0.25 'g/mL; dan 0.3 'g/mL. NDV was inoculated into allantoic cavity intermediate after inoculated of extract and thenincubated for 2 days. Antiviral activity were observed by hemaglutination method. The value of IC50 was calculated by probit analysis.The result showed that ethanol extract of srikaya seed (A. squamosa L.) had antiviral activity because of increasing concentration caused the higher inhibition percentage of hemaglutination. The value of IC50 is 0.152 'g/mL.Key words: Antiviral, Annona squamosa, Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV).

The effect of cauli flower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) to the change of : cholesterol, MDA level of rats hiperlipide Endang Sunarsih
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 1, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp35-41

The unbalance of oxidant and antioxidant can effect of various diseases, for example atherosclerosis. High total cholesterol level was given the risk factor to atherosclerosis. This research aims to know the effect ofcauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) juice to change of total cholesterol level and peroxide of lipid (MDA level). A twenty white rats Wistar strain were treated as hiperkolesterolemia with consumed a high fat meal for14 days, then devided in to 4 groups. Group I as positive control was given a green tea leaf infuse through a dosage 0,605 g/ kg BW, group II as negative control was given an aquadestilata. Then Group III and IV as were givencauliflower juice through a dosage 15 mL/ kg BW and 20 mL/ kg BW for 14 days. The result of this research were concluded that cauliflower juice through a dosage 15 mL/ kg BW and 20 mL/ kg BW was decreased of total cholesterol level and lipid peroxide (MDA level). Cauliflower juice through a dosage 20 mL/kg BW was found as an effective dosage to decreased of total cholesterol level and lipid peroxide (MDA level) of male white rats Wistar strain with high fat diet treatment.Key words : Juice, cauliflower, total cholesterol, peroxide of lipid, MDA.

The effect of mengkudu fruit methanolic extract and methanolic residual fraction on GLUT-4 protein elevation Aguslina Kirtishanti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Investigating in the Diabetes Mellitus drug which one having good activity and tolerance to patients are still in researchers’ concern. One of the main topics now days is the use of mengkudu plants as a traditional medicine of Diabetes Mellitus. This research was aimed to determine the increase of GLUT-4 protein in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rats after given methanolic extract and methanolic residual of mengkudu fruit. The male rats were diabetic induced with exogenous i.p. insulin for 10 days. After showing hyperglycemic effect, the rats were given orally methanolic extract and methanolic residual fraction of mengkudu fruit for 4 days. On the fifth day, fasting blood glucose was measured and the rats were sacrificed to take the thigh muscle tissue for imunohistochemical calculation. The result showed that methanolic extract and methanolic residual of mengkudu fruit increase the amount of GLUT-4 protein, but can not reduce fasting blood glucose levels of male white rats. Key words : mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.), methanolic extract and methanolic residual, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, GLUT-4 protein

The employment of UV-spectroscopy combined with multivariate calibration for analysis of paracetamol, Propyphenazone and caffeine Abdul Rohman; Arief Dzulfianto; Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 28 No 4, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The reference method for simultaneous analysis of drugs is chromatography, however, this technique is expensive, complex, and needs excessive sample preparation; therefore, some simple methods like UV spectroscopy is proposed. Assisted with multivariate calibration, it is possible to analyze drugs using UV spectroscopy without prior separation. This study is intended to use UV spectroscopy coupled with multivariate calibration of partial least square (PLS) for simultaneous analysis of paracetamol (PCT), propyphenazone (PROPI), and caffeine (CAFF) in tablet dosage form. The calibration model is prepared by developing a series 20 mixture of PCT, PROPI and CAFF with certain composition randomly and its absorbance is measured at wavelength of 220-313 nm with an interval of 3 nm. The performance of calibration model was assessed by coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV). The R2 values for the correlation between actual values of PCT, PROPI and CAFF and predicted values using UV-spectroscopy combined with PLS are 0.9994; 0.9878; and 0.9919, respectively. The calibration errors expressed with RMSEC are 0.027%, 0.082% and 0.043% for PCT, PROPI and CAFF, respectively. While, during cross validation using “leave one out” technique, RMSECV values obtained are 0.062%, 0.095% and 0.982%, respectively for PCT, PROPI and CAFF. The level of drugs obtained are 226.76 ± 14.49 mg/tablet (equivalent to 90.70% from labeled claim) for PCT, 135.74 ± 11.23 mg/tablet (equivalent to 90.49% from labeled claim) for PROPI and 51.69 ± 2.35 mg/tablet (equivalent to 103.38% from labeled claim) for CAFF.

NOVEL CHRONOTHERAPEUTIC MULTIPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF FELODIPINE: AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA Banerjee, Sabyasachi; Shankar, K Ravi; Rajendra, Y Prasad
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 28 No 1, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Arrhythmia follows chronobiology, thus necessitating development of time-dependent formulation for its treatment. The aim of the current work was to develop a solubility-enhanced chronotherapeutic system of felodipine, a widely prescribed anti-arrhythmic. Systematically optimized hot-melt extrusion process was employed to formulate solubility-enhanced extrudates. Film-casting method was adopted for the selection of polymers. Drug released at 5, 15, 30min was taken as response variables in 32 face-centered cube design. Nearly 10-fold increase was observed in the solubility of the optimized extrudates in comparison to pure drug. Physical characterization of the extrudates depicted complete amorphization of drug. Sequential coating was performed on to the extrudates to enable a time-dependent release. In-vitro studies clearly demonstrated that 25% of drug was available rapidly within 10 min of administration. The remaining 75% of drug was available over a period of 4, 8 and 12h. Stability studies performed for 6 months at accelerated conditions depicted no significant change in the physicochemical characteristics of the optimized formulation. In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies conducted in beagle dogs ratified the results of in-vitro studies where a sequential time dependent absorption of felodipine was observed over a period of 12h. Concisely, the studies demonstrated successful development of solubility-enhanced chronotherapeutic system of felodipine.

Optimization of piroxicam tablet formula using flowlac, avicel and compritol by Simplex Lattice Design Method Suhesti, Tuti
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 3, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Piroksikam is non steroid anti inflammation drug (NSAID) with small dose (10-20 mg daily) with a long time (t1/2) elimination. Piroxicam formulation was expected able to yield a good (quality) tablet to physical characteristic standard. Tablet r component was consisted of Flowlac 100 (filler), Avicel PH-101 (binder) and Compritol 888 ATO (lubricant).The research was done with simplex lattice design (SLD) by using 3 component, i.e. Flowlac (A), Avicel (B), and Compritol (C). Seven formula were needed, I,e, F1 (100 % A), F2 (100 % B), F3 (100 % C), F4 (50 % A and 50 % B), F5 (50 % B and 50 % C), F6 (50 % A and 50 % C),dan F7 (33.33% A, 33.33 % B, 33.33 % C). The optimization parameters of piroxicam tablets were flow rate of the tablet mass, tablet hardness, disintegration time, piroxicam content and the dissolution (C45), on SLD model; equations, contour plots, and superimposed of contour plots were obtained, by which the optimum formula was determined.Based on superimposed contour plot optimum formula was obtained with proportion of Flowlac (89.6 %), Avicel (7.4 %) and Compritol (3 %). The result of flowability was 21.46 g/second; hardness (6.46 kg); disintegration time (6.98 minutes); drug content (10.13 mg) and dissolution C45 (7.35 mg) Interaction of Flowlac-Avicel-Compritol could influence the physical properties and the release profile of tablet. Flowlac was the most dominant factor in increasing flowability, hardness and dissolution of tablet. Compritol was the most dominant factor in increating time of disintegration tablet.Key words: optimization; piroxicam; simplex lattice design.

QUALITY OF LIFE ANALYSIS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 PATIENTS USING MONOTHERAPY AND COMBINATION TREATMENT OF MEDICINE Faridah, Imaniar Noor; Dewintasari, Venty
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 28 No 2, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) can be vary, using monotherapy or combination therapy, and it depends on the severity of the disease. That variation will give influences to the patient’s clinical condition and also their quality of life (QoL). The objective of this study is to determine the average of QoL’s score in DM patients who use monotherapy and combination therapy of antidiabetic oral in Public Health Center of Kotagede 1 Yogyakarta. This study was conducted in a cross sectional study. Subjects were people who had an age above 18, got the diagnose of DM type 2, and also consumed of oral antidiabetic monotherapy or combination. The measurement of QoL is using a DQLCTQ questionnaire in Bahasa Indonesia. Analysis statistic with independent sample T-test was used to determine the differences between QoL in patients who use monotherapy and combination. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria are 52 patients. About 82.70% (43 patients) of the patients used combination and the other (9 patients) used monotherapy. The average of QoL in monotherapy patients (78.95±11.36) was higher than in combination therapy’s (75.18±10.57). Result of the analysis statistic showed that there is no significant differences (p0.095) of QoL between monotherapy and combination therapy patients.

SYNTHESIS AND SCREENING OF SOME AZOMETHINES BEARING METHYL SALICYLATE MOIETY FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES Baluja, Shipra; Chanda, Sumitra
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 27 No 2, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

In this study, the series of novel azomethines were synthesized from methyl salicylate and their structural determination was done by IR, NMR and mass spectral data. The screening of these synthesized compounds were done against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria in DMF and DMSO solvents by agar disc method. It is observed that solvent and compound structure both affect the inhibition. DMF is found to be good solvent in the present study. Amongst all studied compounds, JB-4 showed maximum zone of inhibition against most of the studied bacterial strains while compound JB-2 is least effective. Thus, substitution affects inhibition and methyl salicylate moiety with cinnamaldehyde side chain is most effective. Further, virtual screening of these compounds was done to evaluate molecular properties and bioactive scores of these compounds.Keywords: azomethines, methyl salicylate, antibacterial activity, agar disc method, DMF, DMSO

THE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT ORAL MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTS FOR MIGRAINE PREVENTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW Alghadeer, Sultan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 27 No 3, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

No study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of particular oral magnesium supplement over another in preventing migraine. Different magnesium supplements have different oral absorption and bioavailability. The objective was to identify the efficacy of different oral magnesium supplements in migraine prophylaxis. A literature review using MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane library, and EMBASE was conducted during the period from November 1, 2015 until December 30, 2015. Keywords included migraine, prophylaxis, and magnesium. Magnesium citrate was used as single oral migraine prophylactic supplement in most of the published trials. Migraine attack frequency and intensity were significantly lower in magnesium citrate group compared to placebo with 41.6-64% and 43-59% reduction in migraine attack frequency and severity frequently. Magnesium oxide was used in combination with magnesium citrate in 2 randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and used alone in one RCT in adults and children. No different in migraine frequency or severity between Mg-oxide and placebo in RCT conducted in children while Only Mg-oxide containing groups showed significant reduction in migraine days when compared to control (p<0.006) in RCT conducted in adults.Â Magnesium chloride had never introduced as migraine prophylactic agent in clinical trials. Magnesium citrate seems to be the preferred oral magnesium supplement for migraine prevention; however, further studies comparing the efficacy of different oral magnesium supplements are needed.

Ameliorative effects of vitamins C and E on tenofovir/nevirapine-induced hepatorenal oxidative stress in albino rats Adikwu, Elias; Apiakise, Williams
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 27 No 4, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Background and Objectives: Oxidative stress has been implicated in xenobiotic-induced hepatorenal toxicity. This research was designed to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E on the baseline and tenofovir/nevirapine-induced liver and kidney levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Forty five male albino rats were used for this study. The rats were divided into groups A – I of 5 rats each. Group A (placebo control) and group B (solvent control) were orally treated with water and arachis oil respectively. Groups C – F were orally treated with vitamins C, E, vitamins C and E, and tenofovir/nevirapine respectively. Groups G– I were pretreated with vitamins C, E and vitamins C and E prior to treatment with tenofovir/nevirapine respectively. Rats were sacrificed after treatment for 30 days; liver and kidneys were collected and evaluated for the above parameters. Results: Significant (p<0.05) increases in the baseline levels of liver and kidney SOD, GSH, and CAT with decreases in MDA levels were obtained in vitamins C and E treated rats when compared to control. On the contrary, treatment with tenofovir/nevirapine significantly (p<0.05) decreased liver and kidney SOD, GSH, and CAT levels with increases in MDA levels when compared to control. However, all tenofovir/nevirapine -induced alterations were abrogated in rats pretreated vitamins C and E. Abrogation was most pronounced in rats pretreated with combined doses of vitamins C and E. Conclusion: Observations in the present study could be attributed to the inhibitory effects of vitamins C and E on the oxidative activity of tenofovir/nevirapine in the liver and kidney of treated rats.

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