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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 706 Documents

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Isolation and identification of eurycomanone from akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack) and its antiangiogenic activity Salamah, Nina
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 3, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp118-126

Pasak bumi is one of the Indonesian original plants having anti cancer activity. One compound of akar pasak bumi, i.e eurycomanone was proven to have cytotoxic effect on cancer cell culture by apoptosis induction on HeLa cells.Therefore, this study was aimed to isolate and identify euycomanone from akar pasak bumi and to look at the anti angiogenic activity of the compounds on corio alantois membrane (CAM) of chicken embryo induced by bFGF.The akar pasak bumi was ground and was macerated with methanol. The macerate was fractioned by mean of VLC. Six fractions was obtained. The second fraction exhibited two spots on a TLC system, one spot was cochromatographedwith eurycomanone as the reference standart and another spot exhibited blue fluorecence at 254 nm. This second fraction, then, was chromatographed on a preparative scale TLC to separate isolate A. Anti angiogenic test was performed for Isolate A at concentration series of 5, 10, 15, 20, 40 Î¼g/mL respectively. Egg embrio (8-9 days) were divided into 8 groups. The first group was implanted paperdisc only, the second group were given bFGF on Tris HCl buffer and the third group were given bFGF (on Tris HCl buffer) + 0,8 % DMSO. The fourth to eighth groupwere induced by 10 ng bFGF and the test preparation at the respective concentration. After incubation at 39 Â°C for 3 days, each egg was opened, the content of each was aspired and discarded, the CAM sticked to its shell was examined macroscopically and microscopically for the formation of new blood vessels.Based on spectral data of UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS of isolate A and comparison with the spectral data of the standart, the isolate A was eurycomanone. Eurycomanone inhibited angiogenesis at concentration of 10 Î¼g/mL.Key words: antiangiogenic, angiogenesis, E.longifolia, eurycomanone,CAM.

The Formulation of Pacing (Costus speciosus) Extract Tablet by Using AvicelÂ®Ph 200 As Filler-Binder and Amylum As Disintegration Agent Damayanti, Damayanti; Sari, Ika Puspita; Sulaiman, T.N. Saifullah; Bestari, Angi Nadya; Setiawan, Irfan Muris
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 29 No 1, 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Pacing (Costus speciosus) is an herbaceous plant that is native to Indonesia and itÂ can be used as a male contraceptive due to spermatogenesis inhibition. The purpose of this study is to find out the composition of optimum Avicel PH 200Â® as the filler-binder and amylum as the disintegration agent and to find out the variations on physical properties of the powder and tablet. The tablets were made by directly compression in 8 runs based on Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) from Design Expert 7.1.5, in which the test on physical properties of powder includes tapping index, water absorption, and moisture content, as well as on the physical properties of tablet, including hardness, friability, and disintegration time. The results showed that the variation in the composition between AvicelÂ® PH 200 as the filler-binder and amylum as the disintegration agent had a significant effect on the friability of Costus speciosus (CS) extract tablet, in which the combination of both materials can increase the friability of the tablet. The optimum formula of CS tablet had a composition of AvicelÂ® PH 200 by 462,5 mg and amylum by 37,5 mg contained in each tablet.

Design and evaluation of guargum - based timolol maleate ocular insert For the treatment of glaucoma Thakral, Sunil
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 26 No 4, 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Purpose: To prepare ocular inserts of timolol maleate using guar gum as a polymer for treatment of glaucoma. Methods: Timolol maleate ocular inserts were prepared by solvent casting method using guar gum in different proportions (0.25% w/v, 0.50% w/v , 75 % w/v and 1.0% w/v). The prepared formulations were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, percentage drug content, surface pH, folding endurance, percentage moisture absorption and loss, percentage swelling, mechanical strength and in vitro transcorneal permeation. In-vitro transcorneal permeation study was performed on goat cornea using modified Franz diffusion cell. Results: The inserts were found to be of uniform thickness (ranging from 41.12±0.04µm to 79.90±0.03µm) and weight (0.84±0.07 mg to 2.11±0.09 mg). The % drug content in the inserts was found to be varied between 98.69±0.58to 96.37±0.58. The cumulative % drug releases from the formulation ranged from 50.22±1.41 to 97.72±0.67over a period of 24 h. In-vitro transcorneal study revealed that an increase in concentration of polymer slows down the release of timolol maleate from the formulation. Conclusion: Ocular inserts using guar gum as a polymer were successfully prepared and can be effectively used for sustain ocular delivery over a period of 24 h.

Antibacterial activity of ten medicinal plants obtained from some selected villages in the states of Kedah and Penang, Malaysia Samah, Othman
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 2, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp99-103

The antimicrobial activities of ten plant extracts showed some degree of variation among Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Nineteen crude plant extracts were active against Gram positive bacteria as compared to only 9 against Gram negative bacteria. The most resistant bacteria was K. pneumoniae K6 which showed no sign of susceptibility towards any of the plant extracts. This might be due to the presence of ÃŸ-lactamase, which had been reported recently. S. epidermidis* showed susceptibility towards all plants except for M. citrifolia L. The highest zone of inhibition was 14.67 mm which was found in P. guajava extracts against S. epidermidis and this is closely followed by M. indica (at 13.67 mm ) against the same bacteria. Among all the plants which have been studied only M. citrifolia L. extract did not show any sign of antimicrobial activity. The result showed that means of inhibition zones between each plant extract were significantly different.Key words: Antibacterial; Gram positive; Gram negative; medicinal plants.

Freeze drying and calcining hydrotalcite for improving acid neutralizing capacity Azhary, Deny Puriyani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) is one of the important factor on effectivity determination of antacid dosage forms. Antacid dosage forms have different values depend on their ANC. The objective of this research was to modified physical and chemical properties of hydrotalcite which can increase its acid neutralization capacity. Hydrotalcite was treated by freeze drying and calcination at different temperature 100, 200, 300, and 500°C. This hydrotalcite was characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); and was determined acid neutralization capacity. The results showed that acid neutralization capacity of hydrotalcite increased after it was freeze dried and calcined at 200, 300 and 500 °C. The result of XRD for the hydrotalcite calcined at 200 °C have showed the lower intensity of peaks, whereas the calcination at 300 and 500 °C were disappeared and appeared new peaks at different 2θ.Key words: Acid neutralization capacity, hydrotalcite, calcination, XRD, SEM

Bioaccumulation of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in plankton, algae and fish in south sea waters in Jogjakarta Lukitaningsih, Endang
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 21 No 1, 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

As a pollutant, the presence of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in the environment must be always monitored, because of their ability to spread widely through the food chain and also their carsinogenic properties. The solubility of PAH in water is very low, therefore it is difficult to analyze their presence in water environment by using water as a sample. By utilizing the phenomenon of the accumulation of PAH in biolipids, the analysis method has been developed using bioindicators. In this research, the concentration of four kinds of PAH (pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and perylene) in several samples (water, plankton, algae and fish) that collected from the south sea Jogjakarta has been determined. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of PAH in each sample has been calculated and the results were from 4498 to 432754; 2552 to 49265; 14156 to 730991, respectively for plankton, algae and fish. Based on the BAF values, plankton can be used as a bioindicator for short term PAH monitoring, while the Upeneus moluccensis fish primarily gills organ can be used as a bioindicator for medium term (months) PAH monitoring.Key words : poly aromatic hydrocarbons, bioaccumulation factor, bioindicator, Upeneus moluccensis

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF 2-[(SUBSTITUEDPHENYL)-5-(1-PHENYL-3-(PIPERAZINYL)PYRIDO[3,2-f]QUINAZOLIN-4(1H)-YL]-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLES Ram, Tilak; Dubey, Ranjana; Chaudhary, Nidhi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 27 No 4, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Several novel 2-[(substitutedphenyl)-5-(1-phenyl-3-(piperazinyl)pyrido[3,2-f] quinazolin-4(1H)-yl]-1,3,4 thiadiazole derivatives have been designed and synthesised by incorporating four known moieties such as 2-methylquinolin-5-ol, acetophenone, urea and 3-substitutedphenyl-4-amino-5-mercapto triazoles by using multi-step conventional reaction strategy. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, Mass and elemental analysis (C, H, N). Furthermore the synthesized 2-[(substitutedphenyl)-5-(1-phenyl-3-(piperazinyl)pyrido[3,2-f]quinazolin-4(1H)-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 4a-g were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The bacterial panel consisted of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klabsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris while fungal panel included of Aspergillus fumigatus (plant isolate), Candida glabrata, Candida albacans, Candida krusei. Ampicillin trihydrate and fluconazole were used as reference drugs for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. Bacterial and fungal inhibition determined by disk diffusion and serial plate dilution method respectively. Pathogenic inhibitions were determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone in mm. Compound 4c demonstrated significant antibacterial and antifungal spectrum against all the tested microbes.Keywords- antibacterial, antifungal and substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles.

The influence of oleic acid-propylene glycol mixture and iontophoresis to propranolol transdermal transport Hendriati, Lucia
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 20 No 4, 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Propranolol has an intensive first pass metabolism, resulted in a low oral bioavailability. One alternative to circumvent such problem is the delivery by transdermal route. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oleic acid 10 % (in propylene glycol 20 %) as enhancer, with and without iontophoresis, on transdermal transport of propranolol. Propranolol delivery was examined based on the in vitro transport studies across the rat skin (after hairremoval) in a vertical diffusion cells system. Skin was pretreated with the mixture of oleic acid 10 % (in propylene glycol 20 %) for 3 hours. Iontophoresis was performed at a current density of 0.25 mA/cm2 for 3 hours. Donorcompartment was filled with propranolol solution (5 mg/mL in citric buffer pH 5), while the acceptor phase was filled with phosphate buffer saline at pH 7.4. The results indicate that the enhancement methods increase the transdermal penetration of propranolol (p<0.05). The flux without anyenhancement methods was 13.16 Â± 0.79 mg/cm2/hour. The flux with either oleic acid - propylene glycol pretreatment, iontophoresis or combination of both were 28.75 Â± 3.04 mg/cm2/hour, 40.47 Â± 5.78 mg/cm2/hour, and 85.42 Â± 16.94 mg/cm2/hour respectively. Based on mathematics calculation, if an iontophoretic patch of 12 cm2 is used after skin pretreatment with oleic acid - propylene glycol mixture, the steady state plasma concentration of propranolol could reach 24.65 mg/mL. Therefore, therapeutic level might beachieved. This indicated a promising future of transdermal delivery of propranolol.Key words : propranolol, transdermal, enhancer

Effect of Lipid Ratio of Stearic Acid and Oleic Acid on Characteristics of Nanostructure Lipid Carrier (NLC) System of Diethylammonium Diclofenac Hendradi, Esti; Rosita, Noorma; Rahmadhanniar, Erwinda
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 28 No 4, 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lipid ratio of stearic acid and oleic acid on the physical characteristics as well as the entrapment efficiency of diethylammonium diclofenac with Nanostructure Lipid Carrier (NLC) system. Diethylammonium diclofenac (DETA) is Non-Steroid Anti-Inflamatory Drugs (NSAIDs) that has been widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In the formulation of NLC-DETA, three different lipid ratios were used, which the ratio of Â stearic acid:oleic acid were 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20, respectively. In this NLC system, DETA served as the active drug, stearic acid as solid lipid, oleic acid as liquid lipid, and Tween 80 as surfactant components. NLC were characterized for organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity, particle morphology, particle size and polydispersity index (PI), profiles of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and drug entrapment efficiency. The particle shape and morphology were determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results Â showed that the different ratios of oleic acid lipids and stearic acid had no significant effects on the viscosity and entrapment efficiency of NLC-DETA. On the other hand, it affected the pH of all formulas, which were significantly different. Increasing the amount of liquid lipid in the formulations reduced the size of NLC-DETA particles.Â

GENOTYPE POLYMORPHISMS OF NAT2 AND CYP2E1 GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY (DILI) IN INDONESIAN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 27 No 1, 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Currently, Indonesia is in the fifth rank of highest TB prevalence over the world. One of the TB problem is low patients’ adherence due to the oral antituberculosis induced hepatotoxicity. Polymorphisms of NAT2 and CYP2E1 genes had important role in the isoniazid (INH)-induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymorphisms profile of NAT2 and CYP2E1 genes associated with hepatotoxicity induced by INH.We used cohort design in Public Health Centers and Lung Clinics of Yogyakarta and Lampung. The inclusion criteria were adult subjects (> 18 yo), newly diagnosed TB and treated by oral antituberculosis, normal function of renal and live and willingness to participate in this study. Subjects were excluded when having positive reaction of HbsAg test, history of HIV and abnormality of renal and liver function. The SNPs of NAT2 and CYP2E1 were designed using IPlex method of DNA sequenom.Among 57 TB patients, we found 14 patients with higher INH serum concentration and experienced increase of ALT-AST. Subjects with SNPs of rs 2070676, rs 1329149, rs 3813867, rs 6413432, rs 8192772, rs 2031920, rs 2515641, rs 8192775, rs 915908 of CYP2E1 experienced increase of ALT and AST. Subjects with SNPs of rs 1799930, rs1799931, rs1801279, rs1801280, rs1799929 , rs1208, rs1041983 of NAT2 are associated with the increase of ALT and AST.The polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and NAT2 may have a role in the mechanisms of INH induced DILI.Keywords: CYP2E1, NAT2, tuberculosis, isoniazid, Indonesia

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