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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 2 (2018)" : 15 Documents clear
The Effect of Low Power Ultrasonic Wave Exposure to Suppress Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In Vitro Mansyur, Mas; Yudaningtyas, Erni; Prawiro, Sumarno Reto; Widjajanto, Edi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.07

Abstract

The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection keeps increasing in every part of the world. Currently, the infection prevalence of MRSA has reached 70% in Asia. In Indonesia in 2006 the prevalence was 23.5%; the infection prevalence of MRSA in RS Atmajaya Jakarta reached 47%, in RSUP Dr. Moh. Husin Palembang reached 46%, and RSUD Abdul Moeloek Lampung in 2013 reached 38.4%. MRSA is multiresistant to antibiotics and is hard to kill compared to most other negative gram bacteria. The purpose of this research is to find the lethal power and exposure of ultrasonic waves to kill MRSA, monitoring its ef-fects via changes in shape, size, structure and Gram staining as indicators. The observations were done mac-roscopically by culturing the MRSA in a petri dish filled with Chromagar MRSA medium, while the morpho-logical observations of MRSA were done by SEM, changes in the structure using TEM, and changes in the color of MRSA cells using Gram staining. Ultrasonic wave exposure, at a lethal power = 8.432 watt, killed a significant percentage of MRSA over the control (p = 0.000). The death indicators of the MRSA due to expo-sure to ultrasonic waves of various power were: changes in shape of MRSA affected by ultrasonic power (p = 0.005), changes in size is not affected by ultrasonic power (p= 0.470), the stain of MRSA cell staining from purple to pink affected by ultrasonic power (p = 0.000), all compared with the control. MRSA died due to ne-crosis, with physical evidence of the MRSA death such as mechanical stress marked by swollen MRSA cell, shift cell wall, crack and tears, cavitation marked by pieces of MRSA cell in the field of view due to explosions inside the cell, change to an irregular cell shape, and changes in color from black to transparent.
Reproduction Characteristics of Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus Zuieuw) on Several Functionally Changed Lands in Banyumas Regency Susatyo, Priyo; Setyaningrum, Nuning; Winarni, Elly Tuti; Chasanah, Titi; Atang, Atang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (704.976 KB) | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.12

Abstract

Functional change of agricultural lands into non-agricultural lands will obviously have an impact on the dimin-ished or loss of habitat of the rice field eels (Monopterus albus Zuieuw). The aim of this research was to un-derstand the difference between (1) reproduction parameters (fecundity, gonadal maturity level (GML), and gonadal maturity index (GMI); (2) histological features of female and male gonadal development (oogenesis and spermatogenesis); (3) range of body length in each sexual phase; and (4) range of body length in each GML stage of captured eel from 4 sub-districts of Banyumas regency, Central Java (Ajibarang, Sumpyuh, Banyumas, and Sumbang). The total number of captured subjects were 631 eels; which consisted of 155; 227; 157; and 92 eels from Ajibarang, Sumpyuh, Banyumas, and Sumbang, respectively. We observed oogenesis in the stages of GML-1 (chromatin nucleolar stages and perinucleolar stage); GML-II (cortical alveolar formation stage or globular yolk stage), GML-3 (late globular yolk stage), GML-IV (mature or ripe stage), and follicle atretic stage. Also, we observed male gonadogenesis and spermatogenesis in the intersex. The range of GMI of captured eels was between 0.023 and 0.686. Eel in GML-I, GML-2, GML-3, and GML-IV had GMI within the range of 0.023-0.096; 0.096-0.425; 0.427-0.686; and >0.686, respectively. Eels achieved stage of GML-IV in body length range of 22.6-34.5 cm in Sumpyuh, 22.6-38.5 cm in Ajibarang, and 26.6-34.5 cm in Banyumas. There was no eel with the status of GML-IV in Sumbang, which had the most residential or functionally changed lands in its area. Based on these findings, can be concluded that the condition of rice fields or habitat of eel in functionally changed lands may affect eel’s growth and gonad maturation.
Elevational Pattern of Orchid Rarity and Endemism in Mt. Kalatungan, Mindanao Island, Philippines Betanio, Jessa Marie Garsuta; Buenavista, Dave Paladin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.03

Abstract

Despite being the Philippines most threatened group of plants, ecological studies on the orchid flora remains to be scanty and poorly studied which become an impediment to their conservation. This study aimed to identify the forest zones and species of conservation priority with an emphasis on the rare and endemic or-chid species.  A field investigation was carried out using a line transect and plot-sampling methods established along the elevational zones of Mt. Kalatungan Range National Park. Results showed the presence of 44 orchid species belonging to 28 genera, 39 (91%) species of orchids are Philippine endemic with eight new records. The elevational pattern of species followed a double humped-shaped pattern at 1,320-1,395 m and 1,886 – 1,965 m above sea levels (masl). Based on rarity index, 35 (83%) species are very rare, three (7%) are sparse, three (7%) common and one (3%) is common. The density of endemism was recorded to increase as eleva-tion increases which peaked at 1,886 – 1,965 masl but declines at 2,000 masl Findings of the study suggest that the elevational pattern of orchid species follows a humped-shaped pattern wherein species richness is highest in the middle of the elevation gradient.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY OF PUSPA (SCHIMA WALLICHII) LEAVES EXTRACT FROM INDONESIA Widiyarti, Galuh; Supiani, Supiani; Tiara, Yova
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (406.925 KB) | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.08

Abstract

Antioxidant and toxicity of Puspa (Schima wallichii) were studied. The plant extracts were prepared for bio-logical screening. Antioxidant activity of extracts was analysed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as stable free radical, while toxicity of extracts was analysed by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The result showed that ethyl acetate, methanol and butanol extracts were very active as antioxidant, as indicated by IC50 value of 11.44, 17.97 and 12.55 µg/mL for DPPH inhibition, respectively. Whilst n-hexane extract was not active as antioxidant indicated by IC50 value of 257.91 µg/mL, but aquadest extract was less active as antioxi-dant indicated by IC50 value of 171.94 µg/mL. The toxicity test result showed that all extracts were active against Artemia salina Leach with LC50 value of 107.35 ? 902 µg/mL. Furthermore, isolation of individual bio-active compound of ethyl acetate extract that most active as antioxidant was carried out using column chroma-tography followed by preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The active isolate was then identified using TLC, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (LCMS).. The identification result showed that the major compound contained a putative compound known as theanine with MS 174.26 g/mol. The isolate was very active as antioxidant with IC50 value of 48.04 µg/mL, although it was less active than the extract. The isolate was also toxic with LC50 value of 27.71 µg/mL so that puspa leaf potentially to be developed as a natural antioxidant and anticancer agent for preventing of human diseases.
Rho- Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632 Decreases the Thickness of Trabecular Meshwork in Juvenile Rats Mod-el Injected with Sodium Hyaluronate Vierlia, Wino Vrieda; Wulandari, Lely Retno; Sujuti, Hidayat; Effendi, Ma'sum
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 8, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.13

Abstract

Most glaucoma drugs lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing the aqueous humor production and increasing the outflow through uveoscleral pathway. None of these drugs work mainly on increasing outflow through the trabecular pathway. Consequently, the experiment to develop glaucoma drugs directly target at the trabecular outflow pathway is highly required. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on the thickness of trabecular meshwork in juvenile rats model injected with sodium hyalu-ronate.  This study was an experimental study with posttest only control group design. Twenty-four rats were included in this study. Each eye of the rat would be considered as one sample. Samples were divided into 6 groups, negative control group, positive control I group with intracameral sodium hyaluronate injection, posi-tive control II group with topical Y-27632 10 mM, and three experimental groups with intracameral injection of sodium hyaluronate and Y-27632 10-1 mM, 1 mM, and 10 mM respectively. After the procedures all rats were sacrificed and enucleated. Trabecular meshwork tissue was stained with Hematoxilene-Eosin and evalu-ated under 400× microscopic magnification. Quantitative measurements were taken using computerized image analysis with dot slide program.  There were significant statistic differences among the positive control I group and the experimental groups (p-value < 0.05) as well as the positive control II group and the experi-mental groups (p-value < 0.05). The highest mean of decreasing trabecular meshwork thickness was noted in the group given by sodium hyaluronate and Y-27632 10 mM with value of 118.42 µm. There was decreasing thickness of trabecular meshwork due to the effect of rho- kinase inhibitor Y-27632 in juvenile rats injected with sodium hyaluronate.

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