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INDONESIA
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry)
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23027274     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Jurnal ini merupakan jurnal elektronik di bidang kimia terapan yang dikelola oleh Magister Kimia Terapan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Udayana, Bali. Jurnal ini memuat artikel-artikel penelitian yang berhubungan dengan Kimia Terapan yang meliputi Kimia Analitik, Kimia Polimer, Biokimia, Kimia Bahan Alam, Kimia Fisik, Kimia Permukaan, Biomaterial,dan bidang-bidang terkait. Jurnal ini akan terbit 2 kali dalam setahun yaitu pada bulan Pebruari dan September. Jurnal ini terbuka untuk diakses oleh semua kalangann(Open Access Journal)
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Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 3 No 2 (2015)" : 7 Documents clear
EFEKTIFITAS ANTOSIANIN KULIT BUAH JAMBLANG (Syzygium cumini) SEBAGAI PENURUN LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DARAH TIKUS WISTAR YANG MENGALAMI HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA I Gusti Putu Agus Ferry S.P.; Manuntun Manurung; Ni Made Puspawati
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Telah dilakukan penelitian ekstraksi antosianin dari kulit buah jamblang dengan pelarut etanol. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui jenis antosianin dalam ektrak kulibuah jamblang serta mengetahui potensi antosianin dalam ekstrak etanol sebagai penurun LDL sekaligus sebagai menaikkan HDL dalam darah tikus yang hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan rancangan One Group Pretest and Posttest Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar antosianin total dalam ekstrak kulit buah jamblang sebesar 830 ± 15,2 mg/L. Uji  spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan serapan pada 274 dan 536 nm, yang merupakan ciri golongan flavonoid termasuk antosianin. Hasil TLC menunjukkan 2 noda, yaitu noda (a) dengan Rf = 0,40 (petunidin-3-rhamnosa) dan noda b, Rf = 0,33 (sianidin-3-soporosa).  Kemampuan menurunkan LDL terbaik ditunjukkan oleh P3 yang diberikan ekstrak kulit buah Jamblang sebanyak 69 g/150 BB dengan penurunan kadar LDL mencapai 54,5% dan kenaikan HDL 16,6%. Prosentase penurunan kadar LDL yang ditunjukkan P3 sebanding dengan P4 yang diberikan obat paten berupa simvastatin dengan prosentase penurunan 53,4%.ABSTRACT: A research has been conducted of anthocyanin extraction from jamblang’s peel fruit with ethanol solvent. The purpose of this research was to determine the type of anthocyanin extraction of jamblang’s peel fruit and determine the potential of anthocyanins in the ethanol extraction as a function of decreasing LDL as well as raising HDL in the blood’s of rats in hypercholesterolemia. This research was experimental in design of One Group Pre-test and Post-test Design. The results showed that the levels of total anthocyanins in the Jamblang’s fruit peel extraction was 830 ± 15.2 mg/L. UV-Vis spectrophotometry test showed the absorptions at 274 and 536 nm which are the characteristics of flavonoids such as anthocyanins. The results of TLC showed two stains, such as stain (a) with Rf = 0.40 (petunidin-3-rhamnosa) and stain b, Rf = 0.33 (sianidin-3-soporosa). The best decreasing LDL ability was demonstrated by P3 group that had been given Jamblang’s fruit peel extraction as much as 69 g/150 BB by decreasing the LDL level by 54.5% and increasing the HDL level by 16.6%. The decreasing of LDL levels indicated by P3 comparable with P4 group that had been given with patented simvastatin drug with percentage of decreasing of 53.4%.
TOKSISITAS ISOLAT DARI EKSTRAK METANOL SPONS Clathria (Thalysias) sp TERHADAP LARVA Artemia salina L. Putu Lakustini Cahyaningrum; I Made Dira Swantara; I Gede Mahardika
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK : Telah dilakukan uji toksisitas dari ekstrak metanol spons Clathria (Thalysias) sp dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) menggunakan larva Artemia salina L. Ekstrak metanol spons Clathria (Thalysias) sp dipartisi dengan pelarut n-heksana, kloroform dan air. Partisi dari 19,31 gram ekstrak metanol menghasilkan ekstrak n-heksan sebanyak 1,93 gram, ekstrak kloroform sebanyak 2,48 gram, dan ekstrak air sebanyak 12,17 gram. Hasil uji toksisitas menunjukkan ekstrak kloroform memiliki toksisitas paling tinggi dengan LC50 64,57 ppm. Selanjutnya Ekstrak kloroform dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom silika gel menggunakan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat (8:2), diperoleh 4 fraksi yaitu  FA, FB, FC, dan FD. Fraksi B (FB) memberikan nilai toksisitas paling tinggi dengan nilai LC50 72,44 ppm. Identifikasi isolat FB dilakukan dengan uji fitokimia yang menunjukkan adanya senyawa steroid.ABSTRACT : Toxicity tests have been conducted of the methanol extract of the sponge Clathria (Thalysias) sp with methods Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) using larvae of Artemia salina L. Methanol extract of the sponge Clathria (Thalysias) sp was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform and water. Partitioning of 19.31 grams of methanol extract with n-hexane yielded as much as 1.93 grams, 2.48 grams of total chloroform extract, and as much as 12.17 grams of water extract. The toxicity test showed that chloroform extract had the highest toxicity with LC50 of 64.57 ppm. Furthermore chloroform extract was separated by silica gel column chromatography using n-hexane eluent: ethyl acetate (8: 2), obtained 4 fractions which were FA, FB, FC, and FD. Fraction B (FB) provides the highest value of toxicity LC50 value of 72.44 ppm. Identification of isolates FB conducted by phytochemical test that indicates that the presence of steroid compounds. 
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI ALGA Codium geppiorum DAN PEMANFAATAN BATU KAPUR NUSA PENIDA TERAKTIVASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS BIOETANOL I Wayan Karta; Ni Made Puspawati; Yenni Ciawi
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

 ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi penambahan ragi tape dan waktu fermentasi terhadap kadar etanol dalam pembuatan bioetanol berbahan alga Codium geppiorum, dan pengaruh variasi suhu aktivasi dan massa batu kapur Nusa Penida dalam meningkatkan kadar etanol. Penelitian adalah True Experiment dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 3 x 4 yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Kadar etanol diukur dengan Gas Chromatography Varian 3300 dan dianalisis dengan Anava dua jalur menggunakan software SPSS 17.0. Hasil penelitian pada kadar etanol hasil fermentasi menunjukkan nilai Fhitung > Ftabel (38,212 > 2,51) dengan probabilitas 0,000 yang berarti adanya interaksi antara variasi konsentrasi ragi dan waktu fermentasi. Perlakuan yang optimum diperoleh pada W3D3 (waktu 7 hari dan konsentrasi 20%) yaitu dengan rata-rata 3,03% dari massa sampel alga 25 gram. Hasil penelitian dehidrasi etanol menunjukkan nilai Fhitung > Ftabel (3,082 > 2,51) dengan probabilitas 0,022 yang berarti terdapat interaksi antara suhu aktivasi dan massa batu kapur dalam dehidrasi etanol. Perlakuan yang optimum adalah M1T1 (massa 50 gram dan suhu 800oC) dengan rata-rata kadar etanol 99,15 %. Aplikasi batu kapur dengan dehidrasi optimum mampu meningkatkan kadar bioetanol dari 28,92% menjadi 83,78%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi ragi tape dan waktu fermentasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar etanol yang dihasilkan pada pembuatan bioetanol berbahan alga Codium geppiorum; dan variasi suhu aktivasi dan massa batu kapur berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan kadar etanol.  ABSTRACT: The aims of this research are to determine the effect of the concentration of yeast addition and length of fermentation on the amount of ethanol produced in the fermentation of algae Codium geppiorum and the effect of activation temperature and the amount of Nusa Penida’s limestone on the concentration of ethanol in the fermentation supernatant. The results showed that concerning the concentration of ethanol produced, Fvalue > Ftable with probability of 0.000 which means that there was interactions between yeast concentration and duration of time of fermentation. The optimum result was obtained from W3D3 (7 day fermentation and 20% inoculum) by an average of ethanol concentration was 3.03% using 25 grams of algae sample. The results from the dehydration of ethanol showed that Fvalue > Ftable with a probability of 0.022 which means that there were interactions between activation temperature and amount of limestone used in the dehydration process. The optimum treatment was M1T1 (50 g limestone and activation temperature of 800oC) with an average concentration of ethanol of 99.15%. The application of limestone at the optimum condition could increased bioethanol grade from 28,92% to 83,78%. It can be concluded that:concentration of yeast added and length of fermentation significantly affect the amount of ethanol produced the fermentation of Codium geppiorum and the activation temperature and the amount of limestone  used in the dehydration process had significant effects on the increasing of ethanol concentration in the fermentation product.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA AKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia) YANG DAPAT MENURUNKAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH. Ketut Sepdyana Kartini; I Made Dira Swantara; I Nyoman Suartha
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK : Telah dilakukan penelitian isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa aktif yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dari ekstrak etanol buah pare terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Ekstrak etanol buah pare dipartisi dengan n-heksana, kloroform, dan n-butanol. Berdasarkan hasil uji, fraksi n-heksana paling cepat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada hari ke-14. Fraksi n-heksana selanjutnya dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat (6 : 4,5) diperoleh 5 fraksi (FA - FE). Berdasarkan hasil uji, fraksi A merupakan fraksi yang paling aktif menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dibandingkan fraksi lainnya (fraksi B, C, D, E). Fraksi A dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada hari ke-7. Hasil identifikasi isolat aktif (FA) menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan adanya 10 senyawa yaitu  n-tetradekana, metil dodekanoat, metil heksadekanoat, etil heksadekanoat, metil-9,12oktadekadienoat, metil-9-oktadekenoat, metil oktadekanoat, etil oktadekanoat, metil-9cis-11trans-13trans oktadekatrienoat, dan mono (2-etilheksil)-1,2-benzenadikarboksilat.ABSTRACT : The aim of this research was to isolate and identify the active compounds from ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit to reduce the blood glucose levels of male mice (Rattus novergicus) which was alloxan induced. Partition of the ethanol extract using n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol was conducted and we found that the n-hexane fractions was the fastest to reduce blood glucose levels on day 14. The n-hexane fractions were then separated by coloumn chromatography using n-hexane: ethyl acetate (6: 4,5) as eluent and five fractions (FA - FE) were obtained. Based on the test result, fraction A was the most active fraction to reduce the blood glucose levels than other fractions (fractions B, C, D, E). The fraction A could reduce blood glucose levels on day 7. Identification of the active isolates (FA) was conducted by using GC-MS showed 10 compounds which were n-tetradecane, methyl dodecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate, ethyl hexadecanoate, methyl-9,12octadecadienoate, methyl-9-octadecenoate, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid ethyl ester, methyl-9cis-11trans-13trans octadecatrienoate, and 1,2-benzenadikarboxylic acid mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester.
AKTIVITAS ANTIKANKER ISOLAT TOKSIK DARI EKSTRAK METANOL SPONS GENUS Haliclona Grant, 1836 TERHADAP SEL HELA Ni Made Diani; I Made Dira Swantara; I Gede Mahardika
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas antikanker isolat toksik dari ekstrak metanol spons genus Haliclona Grant, 1836 terhadap sel HeLa. Uji untuk mengetahui toksisitas spons genus Haliclona Grant, 1836 dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) menggunakan larva Artemia salina Leach terhadap ekstrak etanol dan metanol spons tersebut. Hasil uji menunjukkan ekstrak metanol bersifat lebih toksik dengan nilai LC50 32,36 ppm. Hasil partisi ekstrak metanol menghasilkan ekstrak n-heksana, kloroform dan air. Ekstrak kloroform memiliki toksisitas paling tinggi dengan LC50 64,57 ppm. Ekstrak kloroform dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom silika gel menggunakan eluen etil asetat : n-heksana (2 : 8), diperoleh 5 fraksi (F1 – F5). Fraksi satu (F1) memberikan nilai toksisitas paling tinggi dengan LC50 70,79 ppm dan berdasarkan uji fitokimia diduga mengandung senyawa golongan steroid. Isolat toksik (F1) selanjutnya diuji secara in vitro terhadap sel HeLa, namun memiliki daya hambat yang sangat rendah dalam membunuh sel HeLa dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 2187,5 ppm.ABSTRACT: A research to test the anticancer activity toxic isolate of the methanol extract genus sponge of Haliclona Grant, 1836 to HeLa cells was conducted. Preliminary test to determine the toxicity of the ethanol and methanol crude extract genus sponge of Haliclona Grant, 1836 was conducted using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. The results showed that the methanol extract was more toxic with the LC50 value of 32,36 ppm. Partitions of the methanol extract using n-hexane, chloroform and water were conducted and it was found that the chloroform extract was the most toxic against Artemia salina L. larvae with LC50 of 64,57 ppm. The chloroform extract was separated by column chromatography using ethyl acetate : n-hexane (2 : 8) as eluent and 5 fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5) were obtained. First fraction (F1) was the most toxic with LC50 of 70,79 ppm. Based on the phytochemical tests the toxic compounds were suspected to be a steroid. Furthermore, the toxic isolates (F1) was tested in vitro against HeLa cells, but it was not able to inhibit the growth and kill HeLa cells with IC50 value of 2187,5 ppm.
PERBANDINGAN ANALISIS KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI ELUASI GRADIEN DENGAN ISOKRATIK PADA PENENTUAN VITAMIN B1, B2 DAN B6 DALAM SEDIAAN SIRUP MULTIVITAMIN SECARA SIMULTAN Ni Luh Kasih Ariani; Ni Made Suaniti; James Sibarani
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Vitamin B terutama B1 (Tiamin), B2 (Riboflavin), dan B6 (Piridoksin) sering terkandung dalam sirup multivitamin sehingga diperlukan analisis untuk mendeteksi secara simultan dalam campuran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan analisis vitamin B1, B2, dan B6 dalam sirup multivitamin secara simultan dengan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi eluasi gradien dan isokratik, menggunakan kolom C18, panjang 15 cm, dan dengan pelarut campuran metanol: air : asam asetat glasial (10:90:1). Fase gerak adalah campuran natrium heksan sulfonat 5 mM dalam asam asetat glasial 0,5% dengan metanol yang dicampur secara gradien. Kondisi optimum metode gradien diperoleh pada laju alir 2,0 mL/menit, panjang gelombang 280 nm dengan waktu retensi 3,441 menit untuk piridoksin; 4,985 menit untuk riboflavin dan 7,393 menit untuk tiamin dengan resolusi 2,272 antara riboflavin dan piridoksin. Hasil uji presisi riboflavin dan piridoksin menggunakan metode isokratik (campuran natrium heksan sulfonat 5 mM dengan metanol dengan perbandingan 70 : 30) masing-masing dengan RSD adalah 1,377 dan 1,376 sedangkan metode gradien adalah 0,693 dan 0,825. Uji linearitas ketiga vitamin menggunakan dua metode isokratik dan gradien memenuhi persyaratan dengan R2 = 0,999. Kata kunci : Vitamin B, sirup multivitamin, kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi ABSTRACT: The aim of this research is to compare the simultaneous analytical results of B1 (Tiamin), B2 (Riboflavin), and B6 (Piridoxin) in multivitamin syrup between gradient and isocratic methods using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The separation was performed on 15 cm length of C18 column and a mixture of methanol, water and glacial acetate acid with ratio of 10:90:1 was used as solvent. The eluent was a mixture of methanol and 5 mM sodium hexane sulfonate in 0.5% glacial acetate acid and gradually mixed using 2 different pumps. The optimal analytical conditions for gradient method were found to be 2,0 mL/min of flow rate and 280 nm of wavelength. On this gradient method, the vitamins were completely separated with retention times of 3.441 minutes, 4.985 minutes, and 7.393 minutes for piridoxin, riboflavin and tiamin respectively. Meanwhile, isocratic method (mixture of 5 mM sodium hexane sulfonate with metanol of 70 : 30) on the same conditions can only separate riboflavin and piridoxin. The RSD values for riboflavin and piridoxin were 1.377% and 1.376% respectively on isocratic methods and 0.693% and 0.825% respectively on gradient method. The linearity of both methods have fulfilled the requirement of R2 values that are higher than 0.999 for all vitamins. Keywords: B Vitamins, Multivitamin Syrup, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
KANDUNGAN LOGAM Pb DAN Hg DALAM SEDIMEN DI MUARA SUNGAI MATIKABUPATEN BADUNG BALI Henu Sumekar; Iryanti E. Suprihatin; Irdhawati Irdhawati
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK :Aktivitas manusia disepanjang aliran Sungai Mati dapat menghasilkan bahan pencemar yang kemungkinan mengandung logam berat. Logam berat yang masuk perairan akan mengalami akumulasi di sedimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam Pb dan Hg dalam sedimen di muara Sungai Mati, Kabupaten Badung, Bali.Penentuan konsentrasi Pb dan Hg menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom dengan metode standar adisi. Kandungan Pb yang diperoleh dalam sedimen yaitu 99,2442 ± 0,0031 mg/kg dan kandungan Hg adalah 142,8514 ± 0,0648µg/kg. Kandungan Pb dan Hg di muara Sungai Mati tersebut melebihi ambang batas yang telah ditentukan.ABSTRACT:Human activities along the river banks such as Mati River can potentially produce pollutants that probably contain heavy metals. The heavy metals came into the river and accumulated in the sediment. This research was aimed to investigate the contains of Pb and Hg in the sediment of the Mati River. Determination of Pb and Hg content  using AAS by standard addition method. Pb and Hg contents obtained were respectively 99,2 ± 0,0031 mg/kg and 142,8 ± 0,0648µg/kg. The concentration of Pb and Hg in the Mati River estuary is above threshold line.

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