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THE ROLE OF UREA LIME MIXTURE IN CONCENTRATE CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CASSAVA ON RUMEN FERMENTATION OF ETAWAH CROSSBRED GOAT O. Cakra, I G. L.; Sudana, I. B.; Mahardika, I G.; G. Partama, I. B.
E-Journal Of Animal Science Udayana University Vol 2, No 1,Tahun 2013
Publisher : E-Journal of Animal Science Udayana University

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Abstract

An experiment was carried out to study to the role of urea lime mixture in concentrate containing cassava on the rumen fermentation of the etawah crossbred goat through in-vivo experiment. A randomized block design (RBD) consisted of 4 different rations and 4 replicates was used in this experiment. Atotal of 16 etawah crossbred goats with initial body weight ranging from 12.4 - 19 kg were aranged in to 16 pens experiment. Four feed treatments (A, B, C and D) were offered to four groups of four goats. The first treatment (A) was 50% elephant grass 50% concentrate (without cassava urea lime) as control diet, the second treatment (B) was 50% elephant grass 50% concentrate (without cassava, with 4% urea and 2% lime), the third treatment (C) was 50% elephant grass 50% concentrate (with 25% cassava, 4% urea and 2% lime), and fourth treatment (D) was 50% elephant grass 50% concentrate (with 50% cassava, 4% urea and 2% lime). Ration was composed based on standard requirement of 15 kg body weight goat with 75 g daily weight gain. Results of This study showed that the concentration of NH3, VFA, propionic acid, and protozoa rumen population on treatment A, B, C, and D were significantly different (p<0,05). It can be concluded that Utilization of 4% urea and 2% lime without cassava in concentrate increased N-NH3 level of rumen fluid, but level of N-NH3 rumen fluid on goat fed with 4% urea and 2% lime in concentrate contain 25 and 50% cassava was not increase, compared to thoset fed controled (treatment A). Propionic acid level and rumen protozoa population could be increased through urea lime and cassava addition in concentrate.
Effect of Feeding Difference Levels of Concentrate on NNH3, VFA and In Vitro Digestibility Wijayanti, Ni Putu Putri; Cakra, I Gusti Lanang Oka; Mahardika, I Gede
E-Journal Of Animal Science Udayana University Vol 4 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : E-Journal of Animal Science Udayana University

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The aim of this research was to observe the effect of giving difference levels concentrate on NNH3, VFA production and in vitro of dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this study with four treatments and four replications, i.e. 75% concentrate + 25% forage (60% king grass + 40% glyricidia) (A); 60% concentrate + 40% forage (60% king grass + 40% glyricidia) (B); 45% concentrate + 55% forage (60% king grass + 40% glyricidia) (C); and 30% concentrate + 70% forage (60% king grass + 40% glyricidia) (D). The result of this study showed that the NNH3 concentration was highest in treatment A, which was 13.60 mM. VFA concentration was higher in treatment C, which was 118.40 mM. Dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility was higher in treatment A, which were 59.71 and 60.27%. It is concluded that the giving of concentrate with containing urea, lime and cassava from 30 to 75% has non-significant (P>0.05) effect on NNH3 and VFA level in every treatments. Giving higher level of concentrate will be increase dry matter and organic matter digestibility
TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY INDEX AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF LOCAL RABBIT OFFERED DIFFERENT LEVEL OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN FEEDS AND HOUSED IN TWO CAGE SYSTEMS Nuriyasa, I.M.; Mastika, I.M.; Mahardika, IG; Kasa, I.W
E-Journal Of Animal Science Udayana University Vol 1, No 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : E-Journal of Animal Science Udayana University

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An experiment was carried out to study temperature humidity index (THI) and physiological responses of local rabbit offered different level of energy and protein feeds and housed in two cage systems.  A split – plot design consisted of two main plot : under ground shelter  and battery housing system and four diets as sub plot with different energy and protein level. The result show that, under ground shelter cage produced lower (P<0.05) THI than the battery cage (26.17 vs. 27.69).  The lower THI in under ground shelter cage than battery cage causing physiological responses better to the rabbits.  Diets with different energy and protein level did not give significant effect on THI, skin temperature and rectal temperature (P>0.05).  It was observed that there is a significant interaction (P<0.05) between cage system and ration on respiration rate.  Diets did not  have any significant effect (P>0.05) on respiration rate  of the rabbit housed under ground shelter cage. But converse was true for battery cage. Diets containing 2800 kcalME/kg and 18,50% crude protein causing significantly higher (P<0.05) respiration rate  than  other diets.  It was concluded that under ground shelter cage give  a better responds than battery cage.  Diets  differing  in energy and protein level did not affect temperature-humidity index. Further,  diets with 2800 kcalME/kg and 18.50% crude protein gave less physiological impact  than  those diets containing 2600 kcalME/kg and 17% crude protein, 2400 kcalME/kg and 15.50% crude protein, 2200 kcalME/kg and 14% crude protein.
PROTEIN AND ENERGY REQUIREMENT FOR MAINTENANCE AND GROTH OF BALI CATTLE Mariani, N.P; Mahardika, I G.; Putra, Sentana; Gaga Partama, I.B.
E-Journal Of Animal Science Udayana University Vol 2, No 1,Tahun 2013
Publisher : E-Journal of Animal Science Udayana University

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This experiment was conducted to determine the protein and energy requirement for maintenanceand growth of bali cattle. The experiment used randomized completely block design (RCBD), whichconsisted of five treatments and three weight groups as block. The initial body weight of male bali cattlewas 198.67-207.00 kg. The treatments were five rations which composed with different protein andenergy content as follows: ration A with 15.42% protein and 4020 kcal GE/kg DM, ration B with14.74% protein and 3750 kcal GE/kg DM; ration C with 13.11% protein and 3790 kcal GE/kg DM ;ration D with 10.33% protein and 3920 kcal GE/kg DM, and ration E with 10.58% protein and 3530 kcalGE/kg DM. The variables measured were nutrient intake and as well as the calculation of the energy andprotein requirement. The results showed that dry matter and energy intake were not significant different,but the highest protein consumption was on A treatment and the lowest was on E treatment (0.77 vs 0.52kg/d). Requirement of protein and energy for maintenance was 8.23 g/ W0.75/d and 137.85 kcal/W0.75/d,while requirement of protein and energy for growth was 345.25 g/kg body weight gain and 3753.31kcal/kg body weight gain. Total protein and energy requirements of growing bali cattle could becalculated with the formula PRt = 8.23 W0.75 + 345.25 ?W g / d and ERt = 137.85 W0.75 + 3753.31 ?Wkcal/d, where: PRt is total protein requirements; ERt is total energy requirements; W is body weight and?W is weight gain ).
ENERGY BALANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF BALI CATTLE FED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES AND COMPOSITIONS OF FORAGE Suryani, N. N.; Mahardika, I G.; Putra, S.; Sujaya, N.
E-Journal Of Animal Science Udayana University Vol 1, No 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : E-Journal of Animal Science Udayana University

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An experiment was carried out to determine the energy balance and performance of bali cattle fed different forage compositions. Randomized Block Design consisted of four feed treatments with 3 block of weight live as replicates were used in this study. The initial weight of male bali cattle used range between 181-265 kg. These four treatments based on dry matter (DM) were: A (45% elephant grass + 0% rice straw + 15% glyricidia + 10% calliandra + 30% concentrate); B (30% elephant grass +10% rice straw + 20% glyricidia + 10% calliandra+ 30% concentrate) ; C (15% elephant grass +20% rice straw + 25% glyricidia +10% calliandra + 30% concentrate)  and treatmen D (0% elephant grass + 30% rice straw + 30% glyricidia  + 10% calliandra+ 30% concentrate) . Variables which were measured: nutrient consumption, balance energy, energy retention, weight gain and FCR. The results showed that Dry Matter and energy intake were highest in treatment C, but not significantly different (P>0.05) compare with the others. Weight gain was significantly the highest (P<0.05) in treatment C and FCR significantly the lowest (P<0.05). Energy retention treatments B, C and D did not show significant differences (P> 0.05) but in the A treatment significantly the lowest (P<0.05). Heat production significantly the lowest (P<0.05) in treatment D compared to treatment A and C. It could be concluded that the ration C gave lowest FCR and had higest weight gain compared to others treatment.
THE EFFECT OF FERMENTED PURPLE SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L) IN THE RATION ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE AND MEAT CHOLESTEROL OF BALI DUCK Belawa Yadnya, Tjokorda Gede; Sudana, Ida Bagus; Mahardika, I Gede; Mastika, I M.
E-Journal Of Animal Science Udayana University Vol 2, No 1,Tahun 2013
Publisher : E-Journal of Animal Science Udayana University

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An experiment was carried out to the study the effect of fermented purple sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L) in the ration on the profile antioxidant and meat cholesterol of bali duck. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisted seven treatments and four replicates each was used in this experiment. The seven treatments were ration without purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) (treatment A), ration containing 10, 20, and 30% un fermented purple sweet potato (treatment B, C, and D), ration containing 10, 20, and 30% fermented purple sweet potato (treatment E, F, and G). Each treatment consisted of four replicates with four ducks in each replicates with homogenous age and weight. The variables observed including profile antioxidant, antioxidant capacity, malondialdehida (MDA), and superoxida dismutase (SOD); lipid profile : total clolesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride. Feeds offered were iso nitrogenous and iso calory and were given ad lidThe result showed that using fermented purple sweet potato in the ration improved antioxidant profile that was increased of antioxidant capacity such as superoxida dismutase (SOD) were significantly (P<0,05), and malondialdehida (MDA) decreased was sinificantly (P<0,05) than those given control diet..Ducks meat offered control diet contained total cholesterol and LDL 107,66 mg/100 g and 45,55 mg/100g respectively, When offered diet containing un fermented purple sweet potatoes decreased the content of cholesterol and LDL significantly (P<0.05) compared to control.Result of the experiment suggested that the effect of fermented purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) in the ration improved the antioxidant profile and consentration of the meat cholesterol of bali duck.
THE EFFECT OF WATER HYACINTH (Eichornia crassipes) FROM POLLUTED WATER IN THE RATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LANDRACE PIGS Sudiastra, I W.; Mahardika, I G.; Dharmawan, I N.S.; Budaarsa, K.
E-Journal Of Animal Science Udayana University Vol 4 No 1 (2015)
Publisher : E-Journal of Animal Science Udayana University

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The use of waste as component material ration provides benefits that do not compete with humans, is relatively inexpensive and can reduce environmental pollution. The purpose of this study were to determine the benefits and the impact of the provision of water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) from polluted waters as feed suplement on the performance of Landrace pigs. This research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. A total of 16 Landrace pigs with an average live weight of 20 kg were used in this study. The four treatments are: (A) pigs received rations without water hyacinth, (B) pigs received rations plus 2.5% water hyacinth, (C) pigs received rations 5% plus water hyacinth and (D) pigs received rations 7.5% water hyacinth plus. Growth of pigs, feed intake, feed efficiency, feed digestibility and nutrient digestibility, carcass composition and quality, fat content, and the content of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in the meat, intestines, kidneys and liver were evaluated in this study. The results showed that the use of water hyacinth from polluted waters up 7.5% in the feed had no effect on the growth of pigs (P> 0.05). They tends to improve feed intake and consumption of organic matter, as well as increasing their feed conversion but the difference significant (P> 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nutrient but were not significantly different by tend to decrease with the increasing the use of water hyacinth originated from polluted waters in the ration (P> 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter digestibility and nutrient digestibility were also tend to decrease by increasing the use of water hyacinth originated from polluted waters in the ration but not significantly different (P> 0.05). The use of water hyacinth up to 7.5% in the ration did not affect to the percentage and pieces of carcass weight (P> 0.05). The content of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in meat, kidney, liver and small intestine of pigs received rations containing water hyacinth originated from polluted water, still below the limit of safe consumption. It was concended tha the use of water hyacinth from polluted waters as pig feed material to the level of 7.5% did not significantly affect the performanceof Landrace pig in tern of growth carcass weight, carcass percentage and meat quality
Total Dan Diferensial Leukosit Sapi Bali Lepas Sapih yang Diberi Pakan Dengan Kandungan Protein dan Energi Berbeda Andini, Ni Putu Mega; Mahardika, I Gede; Dharmawan, Nyoman Sadra
Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Vol 7 (4) 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (241.758 KB) | DOI: 10.19087/imv.2018.7.4.434

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan dengan kandungan protein dan energi berbeda terhadap total leukosit dan hitung jenis leukosit (neutrofil, eosinofil, basofil, limfosit dan monosit) pada sapi bali lepas sapih. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel darah dari 12 ekor sapi bali lepas sapih. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah pemberian formula pakan A= PK 12% dan ME 2000 kkal/kg; B= PK 13% dan ME 2100 kkal/kg; C= PK 14% dan ME 2200 kkal/kg; D= PK 15% dan ME 2300 kkal/kg. Pemeriksaan leukosit dilakukan selama tiga kali di awal, pertengahan, dan akhir pemberian perlakuan. Pemeriksaan dengan cara otomatis menggunakan alat hematology analyzer. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian pakan dengan kandungan protein dan energi yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh (P>0.05) terhadap total dan diferensial leukosit, baik antar perlakuan maupun antar waktu pemeriksaan. Disimpulkan bahwa keempat formula pakan aman diberikan kepada sapi bali lepas sapih dan perlakuan A dinilai efektif dan efisien.
Total Eritrosit, Kadar Hemoglobin, Nilai Hematokrit Sapi Bali Lepas Sapih Diberi Pakan Kandungan Protein dan Energi Berbeda Dewi, Ade Kiki Sintya; Mahardika, I Gede; Dharmawan, Nyoman Sadra
Indonesia Medicus Veterinus Vol 7 (4) 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (220.669 KB) | DOI: 10.19087/imv.2018.7.4.413

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan dengan tingkat energi protein bertingkat terhadap total eritrosit, kadar haemoglobin, dan nilai hematokrit sapi bali lepas sapih. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah A = sapi lepas sapih yang diberi pakan dengan PK 12% dan ME 2000 kkal; B = sapi lepas sapih yang diberi pakan PK 13% dan ME 2100 kkal; C = sapi lepas sapih yang diberi pakan PK 14% dan ME 2200 kkal; dan D = sapi lepas sapih yang diberi pakan PK 15%, dan ME 2300 kkal. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Pengambilan darah dilakukan melalui vena jugularis menggunakan venoject. Total eritrosit, kadar haemoglobin dan nilai hematokrit dihitung menggunakan metode pemeriksaan hematologi rutin dengan mesin Hematologi Analyzer. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan pemberian pakan dengan energi dan protein yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap total eritrosit, kadar haemoglobin, dan nilai hematokrit sapi bali lepas sapih.
Throughout the developing world, working animals are still vital important power bases of the small farmers&#039; systems of production and transportation. With economic development, there is a growing interest in the animals for pleasure purposes, not only for aesthetic value but also for sport requiring speed and stamina for racing and other physical performances. An understanding of the physiology of exercise of animals is therefore needed including practical application such as to evaluate c Djokowoerjo Sastradipradja; I Ketut Sumadi; I Gede Mahardika
Media Veteriner Vol. 6 No. 1 (1999): Media Veteriner
Publisher : Media Veteriner

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Abstract

Throughout the developing world, working animals are still vital important power bases of the small farmers&#039; systems of production and transportation. With economic development, there is a growing interest in the animals for pleasure purposes, not only for aesthetic value but also for sport requiring speed and stamina for racing and other physical performances. An understanding of the physiology of exercise of animals is therefore needed including practical application such as to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness and information on training for improvement in health related fitness and performance. Under the existing local condition, success have been reached to record heart rate of animals telemetrically over extended periods, and to measure longterm body energy expenditures of large animals (buffalo) involving energy balance approaches and ill vivo body composition measurements by the water displacement method. These measurements enable the development of a modest practical fitness guideline for exercising swamp/ water buffalo, e.g. V02 = (0.1 X + 3.4) ml/min/kg BW for walking, and V02 =(0.2 X + 3.4) ml/min/kg BW for trot at 100-250 m/min speed. This value at a given speed offers a measure of running economy. The value of the oxygen pulse as an index of fitness is presented, above 0.05 is regarded athletic, while lower than 0.05 is the opposite. For the female buffalo the value is 0.066 at rest but decreases with exercise of pulling a load due to moving the body with a slower speed. Male buffalo has a higher oxygen pulse, 0.094 at rest and increases with exercise. Training seems to improve the oxygen pulse. These data enable the calculation of the heart&#039;s stroke volume and the O2 debt, which are other parameters of fitness. The field of exercise physiology of athletic animals in Indonesia should be explored. The acquisition of a treadmill, blood gas analysis and ergocardiorespirometry equipment for large athletic animals would be an advantage.
Co-Authors ., PROF.DRS. NENGAH BAWA ATMAJA, M.A A. W. Puger Ade Kiki Sintya Dewi Adnyana I P. G. G. Ameliya, Riska Anak Agung Ayu Sri Trisnadewi Anak Agung Putu Putra Wibawa Andini, Ni Putu Mega Arnawa I W. Bernika J.S. Bulu, Sosiawan CANDRADIARTA I P. M. Darmayasa, Dewa Komang Dewi, Ade Kiki Sintya Dharmawan N.S Dharmawan, I N.S. Djokowoerjo Sastradipradja Dwipayana I K. B Febryanti F. A. G.A.M. KRISTINA DEWI Gertrudis Vebriyanti Kahar Gusti A Malelak Gusti Ayu Mayani Kristina Dewi HARDIAWAN N. D HARDIAWAN N. D. Hartadi W. D. I Dewa Ketut Sastrawidana I G A Surya Utami Dewi I G. Lanang Oka Cakra I G. N. Kayana, I G. N. I Gede Ketut Sri Budarsa I Gede Putu Kawiana I GUSTI AYU MANIK ERMAYANTI I GUSTI LANANG OKA I Gusti Lanang Oka I Gusti Lanang Wiratma I K. E. A., Putrayasa I K. K. Agustina I K. SUMADI I Kadek Swastika I Kadek Yoga Kertiyasa I KETUT ARYANA I Ketut Catur Marbawa I Ketut Mangku Budiasa I Ketut Sumadi I Komang Budaarsa I M. Mudita I M. SUASTA I M. Y., Artawan I Made Adhika I Made Damriyasa I Made Dira Swantara I Made Dwi Setiawan I Made Nuriyasa I Made Rasta I Made Sara Wijana I Made Sara Wijana I N. Suastaka I Nengah Sujaya I Nengah Wirajana I NYOMAN RAI I Nyoman Rai I P. A. Astawa I P. A. Astawa I P. A. Astawa I P. A. ASTAWA I Putu Andre Japani Satya Saputra I Putu Ari Astawa I Putu Suyadnya, I Putu I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I W. Suarna I W. SUDIASTRA I W. SUKANATA I Wayan Sandi Adnyana I Wayan Suarna I Wayan Sujana I. B. Sudana I. M. Mastika I. W. Suama I.G.A.M. ARYASIH I.W Kasa I.W. Kasa IDA AYU ASTARINI Ida Ayu Putu Sri Mahapatni Ida Ayu Putu Widani Sugianingrat Ida Bagus Gaga Partama Ida Bagus Made Oka Ida Bagus Ngurah Swacita Ida Bagus Sudana Ika Kurniawati Indra Arimahayana Iryanti Eka Suprihatin K. Yogi Purnamawati Kadek Karang Agustina Kadek Rihendra Dantes Kartikasari D Kencana Jaya IP.G.A.S Ketut Gede Suryawan Komang Suciani Paramita L. Doloksaribu Luh Dewi Anggreni Lumbansiantar M. M Ariasih M. Sudiana Mahendra Made Antara Made Novia Indriani Magna Anuraga Putra Duarsa N. K. S. P., Dewi N. N. Suryani N. P. Mariani N.N. Suryani N.S. Dharmawan Nasrullah H. I. Ngurah Kayana, I Gusti Ni Luh Putu Sriyani Ni Made Diani Ni Made Indra Wahyuni Ni Made Wedayani Ni Nyoman Ayu Widyasari Ni Nyoman Suryani NI PUTU MARIANI Ni Putu Mega Andini Ni Putu Putri Wijayanti Ni Putu Sarini Ni Putu Sarini Ni Wayan Suniasih Nyoman Sadra Dharmawan Oka A.A P. E. N., Putri P.A. Astawa Perdana, Sigit Pranata I P. Y. A. Prawira I G. I. K. Putu Lakustini Cahyaningrum PUTU SUYADNYA Putu Vindhy Chempaka Putri S. PUTRA S. Putra S. Putra Saransi A. U. Sastrawan I P. L. Sastrawan P. K. P. N SENTANA PUTRA SENTANA PUTRA Sentana Putra Sigit Perdana Simbolon M. Y. Sinta Dewi R. A. Sio Stefanus, Sio Sosiawan Bulu Sri Dian Meita Sari Suasta I M. Suasta IM. Supriana I M. Surya Kencana Jaya P. G. A. Tjokorda Gede Belawa Yadnya Udayana P. W. K. Wayan Andhika Putrayasa Wedayani, Ni Made Widnyani D A. P. Yusadana P.