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All Journal CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Bumi Lestari Ecotrophic, Journal of Environmental Science Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Chimica Acta Jurnal Media Sains Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Iryanti Eka Suprihatin
1. Magister Kimia Terapan, Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia 2. Jurusan Kimia FMIPA, Universitas Udayana, Bukit Jimbaran, Denpasar, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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BIOSORPSI LOGAM Cu(II) DAN Cr (VI ) PADA LIMBAH ELEKTROPLATING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BIMASSA PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM Erriek A, Suprihatin,
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 4, No 1 (2009): JURNAL TEKNIK KIMIA
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jurnal_tekkim.v4i1.115

Abstract

Heavy metal waste many there is in a few waste industry chemistry, for example at industry electroplating,metallurgy, smelting and others. At waste industry electroplating contains copper heavy metal and chromium which can cause contamination if thrown exceed boundary threshold enabled.This research method started with grows mushroom Phanerochaete Chyrsosporium in liquid medium with composition of peptone 20 gr/ltd an 40 gr/lt glucose incubation at temperature 350C during 6 day. Step of hereinafter is take 200 ml waste which concentration of Cu 2+ 5,7 mg/ltd an concentration of Cr6+ 137 mg/lt and hydrogen ion exponent 3,15 . Waste is boosted up its(the hydrogen ion exponent becomes 5 with nitration NaOH 0,1N 93,9 ml then is added with adsorbent 10,20,30,40 and 50 ml and incubation during 90,120,150,180 and 210 minutes. Then solution filtered and filtrate is analysed with spectrophotometer.Result of research is obtained [by] best condition at adsorbent volume 50 ml and adsorption time 210 minutes concentration of Cu2+ : 0,414 mg/lt and concentration of Cr6+ be 0,381 mg/lt.  Keyword :Biosorpsi, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium 
Fitoremediasi Limbah Cair UPT Laboratorium Analitik Universitas Udayana Menggunakan Tanaman Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) Ditinjau dari Penurunan Nilai COD dan Kandungan Logam Berat Cu dan Cr Welhelmus Djo, Yuliana Herman; Suastuti, Dwi Adhi; Eka Suprihatin, Iryanti; Sulihingtyas, Wahyu Dwijani
Jurnal Media Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2017): JURNAL MEDIA SAINS
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Dhyana Pura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (559.153 KB) | DOI: 10.36002/jms 3.v1i2.263

Abstract

ABSTRAKUPT Laboratorium Analitik Universitas Udayana menghasilkan limbah khususnya limbah cair yang mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya. Sistem pengolahan limbah yaituFitoremediasi menggunakan eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penurunan COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), kandungan logam berat Cu dan Crlimbah cair laboratorium analitik dan mengetahui daya serap eceng gondok terhadap COD danlogam berat Cu dan Cr. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membiarkan 840 gram eceng gondoktumbuh dalam 5 liter sampel limbah cair UPT Laboratorium Analitik Universitas Udayanaselama 14 hari. COD dan kandungan logam berat Cu dan Cr dalam limbah diukur setiap hariselama perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan COD, kandungan logamberat Cu dan Cr, yang diduga akibat adanya aktivitas biologi yang mengoksidasi senyawa organik maupun anorganik yang terkandung dalam air limbah. Konsentrasi awal COD, Cu danCr sebelum perlakuan adalah 47,04; 0,375; dan 2,58 mg/L dan setelah perlakuan selama 14 harimenjadi 26,34; 0,111; dan 0,72 mg/L. Efektivitas penurunan COD, Cu dan Cr berturut-turut42,36%, 68,73%, dan 42,40%. Daya serap eceng gondok terhadap COD, Cu, dan Cr berturutturut0,1232;0,0016; dan 0,0051 mg/g eceng gondok. Kata kunci: COD, daya serap, eceng gondok, fitoremediasi, limbah laboratorium ABSTRACT ?The study research processing of liquid waste of the Udayana University AnalyticalLaboratory in way phytoremediation using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).Phytoremediation using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was conducted to reduce theCOD, Cu, and Cr contents of liquid waste of the Udayana University Analytical Laboratory.The study was conducted by allowing 840 grams of water hyacinth to grow in 5 dm?of theliquid waste for 14 days. The COD, Cu and Cr concentrations in the liquid waste weremeasured everyday for 14 days, to determine the reduction efectivity and the adsorption capacity of the water hyacinth on those parameters. Results show that all parameters droppedwithin the 14 day treatment from 47.04; 0.375; and 2.58 mg/L to 26.34; 0.111; and 0.72 mg/Lfor COD, [Cu], and [Cr] respectively. The reduction efectivity for the respective parameterswere 42.36%, 68.73%, and 42.4%. The adsorption capacity were 0.1232; 0.0016; and 0.0051mg/g water hyacinth respectively.Keywords: Adsorption,COD, Eceng Gondok, Liquid Waste, Phytoremediation
CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES FROM CLOVE FLOWER WATER EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY Gusti Ayu Dewi Lestari; Kadek Duwi Cahyadi; Iryanti Eka Suprihatin
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol 22, No 2: APRIL 2021
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/jsmi.2021.22.3.6292

Abstract

CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES FROM CLOVE FLOWER WATER EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY. Green chemistry is a safe and cost effective method for producing metal nanoparticles, characterize and tested the antioxidant activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this research gold nanoparticles were synthesized using HAuCl₄ as the gold precursor and water extract of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) flowers 0.5% as the bioreductor. Characterization of the gold nanoparticles was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure the maximum wavelength, zeta analyzer to determine the particle size, and SEM EDS to investigate the morphology and content of the gold nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring its free radical scavenging activity using the DPPH method. The research found the AuNPs has a maximum wavelength at 533 nm, and particle size of 73.52 nm. Furthermore, the AuNPs show free radical scavenging activities of up to 70%.
KANDUNGAN LOGAM Pb DAN Hg DALAM SEDIMEN DI MUARA SUNGAI MATIKABUPATEN BADUNG BALI Henu Sumekar; Iryanti E. Suprihatin; Irdhawati Irdhawati
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK :Aktivitas manusia disepanjang aliran Sungai Mati dapat menghasilkan bahan pencemar yang kemungkinan mengandung logam berat. Logam berat yang masuk perairan akan mengalami akumulasi di sedimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam Pb dan Hg dalam sedimen di muara Sungai Mati, Kabupaten Badung, Bali.Penentuan konsentrasi Pb dan Hg menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom dengan metode standar adisi. Kandungan Pb yang diperoleh dalam sedimen yaitu 99,2442 ± 0,0031 mg/kg dan kandungan Hg adalah 142,8514 ± 0,0648µg/kg. Kandungan Pb dan Hg di muara Sungai Mati tersebut melebihi ambang batas yang telah ditentukan.ABSTRACT:Human activities along the river banks such as Mati River can potentially produce pollutants that probably contain heavy metals. The heavy metals came into the river and accumulated in the sediment. This research was aimed to investigate the contains of Pb and Hg in the sediment of the Mati River. Determination of Pb and Hg content  using AAS by standard addition method. Pb and Hg contents obtained were respectively 99,2 ± 0,0031 mg/kg and 142,8 ± 0,0648µg/kg. The concentration of Pb and Hg in the Mati River estuary is above threshold line.
FOTOKATALIS BENTONIT-Fe2O3 UNTUK DEGRADASI ZAT WARNA REMAZOL BRILLIANT BLUE Ermin Riskiani; Iryanti Eka Suprihatin; James Sibarani
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 7 No 1 (2019): Volume 7, Nomor 1, 2019
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter fotokatalis bentonit-Fe2O3, menentukan kondisi optimum fotodegradasi, dan efektivitas fotodegradasi remazol brilliant blue dengan fotokatalis bentonit-Fe2O3. Karakterisasi fotokatalis bentonit-Fe2O3 dilakukan dengan XRD, nanosizer, SEM, dan FTIR. Luas permukaan spesifik ditentukan dengan metode adsorpsi methylene blue. Penentuan konsentrasi zat warna setelah proses fotodgradasi dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentonit-Fe2O3 memiliki puncak tajam yang menunjukkan tingkat kristalinitas tinggi, ukuran partikel bentonit dan bentonit-Fe2O3 sebesar 2707,6 nm dan 2726,9 nm, dan terdapatnya gugus fungsi Fe-O. Analisis dengan SEM menunjukkan permukaan bentonit-Fe2O3 lebih homogen daripada bentonit. Fotodegradasi optimum terjadi pada massa fotokatalis 100 mg, pH 4, waktu irradiasi 2 jam, dan konsentrasi zat warna 200 ppm. Efektivitas fotodegradasi yang dihasilkan sebesar (98,20 ± 0,0676) %. Kata kunci: remazol brilliant blue, fotokatalis, bentonit-Fe2O3. ABSTRACT: The purposes of this study were to characterize the prepared bentonite-Fe2O3 photocatalyst and to determine its optimum photodegradation conditions and the effectiveness of remazol brilliant blue degradation using bentonite-Fe2O3 photocatalyst. The characterizations of bentonite-Fe2O3 photocatalyst were carried out with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), nanosizer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Specific surface area was determined by methylene blue adsorption method. Further, the catalytic activity on methylene blue degradation was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the synthesized bentonite-Fe2O3 has a sharp peak which showed a high level of crystallinity, with particle size of 2726.9 nm, and contains Fe-O. SEM analysis showed that the surface of bentonite-Fe2O3 was more homogeneous than bentonite. The optimum photodegradation conditions occurred at photocatalyst mass of 100 mg, pH of 4, 2 hours of irradiation time, and dye concentration of 200 ppm. The effectiveness of photodegradation produced was (98,20 ± 0,0676)%.
KANDUNGAN CADMIUM DAN TIMBAL BUAH MANGROVE Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia alba DAN Sonneratia caseolaris DARI MUARA SUNGAI MATI DAN DAERAH PEMOGAN, BADUNG, BALI-INDONESIA Luh Pt Widya Kalifika Devi; Iryanti Eka Suprihatin; Ketut Gede Dharma Putra
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang mempunyai hutan mangrove terbesar di dunia.Balai Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Wilayah I Bali telah memberikan penyuluhan untuk mengolah bahan makanan dari buah mangrove yang mengambil bahan dasar dari buah mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia alba dan Sonneratia caseolaris yang tumbuh di muara Sungai Mati yang berpotensi mengalami penurunan kualitas karena terkontaminasi limbah logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kandungan logam berat buah bakau apakah layak untuk dikonsumsi berdasarkan baku mutu SK Dirjen POM No. 03725/B/SK/VII/1989 ditinjau dari kandungan logam Pb dan Cd. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel di kawasan muara Sungai Mati dan daerah Pemogan, daging buahnya didestruksi dengan metode destruksi basah dan diukur menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) pada  283,30 nm untuk logam Pb dan 228,8 nm untuk logam Cd. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan total logam Pb dan Cd buah mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia caseolaris, Avicennia albadi daerah Sungai Mati dan di daerah Pemogan telah melebihi ambang batas baku mutu SK Dirjen POM No. 03725/B/SK/VII/1989.  ABSTRACT: Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest mangrove forest. Balai Pengelolaan Mangrove Area I Bali has provided counseling in food processing from mangrove fruits of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia alba and Sonneratia caseolaris that grow in the estuary of Sungai Mati. Sungai Mati is a river potentially contaminated by heavy metals waste derived from activities along the river banks. This research aims to study the heavy metal content of mangrove fruits and to determine if they are suitable for consumption according to the guideline by the Director General of Food and Drug Monitoring in terms of lead and cadmium contents. The study was conducted by collecting samples in the area of ??the Sungai Mati estuary and Pemogan area. Samples were prepared by wet destruction method using reverse aqua regia and were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) at 283,3 nm for Pb and 228,8 nm for Cd. The results show that all fruits investigated contain Pb and Cd with consentrations higher than the guideline.
FITODEGRADASI DENGAN TANAMAN PACING (Speciosus Cheilocostus) UNTUK MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN Pb, Cd Dan Hg LIMBAH CAIR LABORATORIUM Ni Nyoman Trisnawati; Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba; Iryanti Eka Suprihatin
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 4 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: UPT. Laboratorium Analitik Universitas Udayana menghasilkan limbah yang mengandung bahan-bahan kimia berbahaya. Sistem pengolahan air limbah yaitu fitodegradasi, menggunakan tanaman Pacing (Cheilocostus speciosus) telah dicoba untuk mengolah limbah cair laboratorium. Konstruksi unit pengolahan terdiri dari sebuah bak terbuat dari beton dengan media  tanah berukuran 7 m x 1,2 m x 0,34 m yang ditumbuhi Pacing. Penelitian dilakukan selama dua minggu meliputi penelitian eksperimental, observasi pre dan post perlakuan. Efektivitas sistem  fitoremediasi dalam menurunkan kandungan Hg adalah 100% pada hari ketiga, Cd sebesar 77,17 % dan Pb sebesar 9,50 % pada hari keempat. Kandungan Pb, Cd dan Hg berkurang secara signifikan setelah fitoremediasi.   ABSTRACT: UPT Analytical Laboratory of Udayana University produced liquid waste which contained dangerous chemicals such as : lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Mercury (Hg). Processing system of liquid waste using phytodegradation of pacing plant (Cheilocostus speciosus) has been studied to reduce the concentrations of heavy metals of laboratory liquid waste. The construction of the processing unit consisted of conerete tank filled with soil media grown over with pacing plant. The size of the tank was; 7 meters in length, 1.2 meters in width and 0.35 meters in depth. The duration  of the experiment was 2 weeks, by observation of pre and post treatment to record the effectivenesss of the pacing plants in reducing the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in liquid waste. The results showed the effectiveness of the system in reducing the concentration of Pb, Cd and Hg were 9,50 %; 77,17 % and 100 % respectively.  The concentration of  Pb, Cd and Hg decreased significantly after treatment.    
EFEKTIVITAS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK (NPAg) UNTUK FOTODEGRADASI ZAT WARNA INDIGOSOL BLUE Gusti Ayu Dewi Lestari; Iryanti Eka Suprihatin; James Sibarani
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 8 No 1 (2020): Volume 8, Nomor 1, 2020
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Biosintesis nanopartikel merupakan alternatif dari metode kimia dan fisika yang hemat biaya dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas nanopartikel perak (NPAg) dalam mendegradasi zat warna Indigosol Blue. Nanopartikel perak disintesis menggunakan ekstrak air buah andaliman (zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.). Ekstrak ini mempunyai fungsi sebagai agen pereduksi dan penstabil dari biosintesis nanopartikel perak. Ekstrak air buah andaliman ditambahkan ke larutan AgNO3 1 x10-3 M kemudian pembentukan NPAg diamati menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan puncak pada 442 nm. Ukuran partikel NPAg diamati menggunakan PSA (Particle size analyzer) dan diperoleh ukuran NPAg yang sangat kecil yaitu lebih kecil dari 40 nm. Efektivitas fotokatalitik NPAg terhadap Indigosol Blue sangat baik dimana NPAg mampu mendegradasi Indigosol Blue sampai konsentrasi 700 ppm. ABSTRACT: Biosynthesis of nanoparticle is an alternative to chemical and physical methods that are cost effective and environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of NPAg to degrade Indigosol Blue dyes. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has been carried out using andaliman fruit water extract (zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.). This extract has a function as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Andaliman fruit water extract was added to AgNO3 1 x10-3 M solution then NPAg formation was observed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with absorbance peak at 442 nm. NPAg particle sizes observed using particle size analyzer were less than 40 nm. The effectiveness of photocatalytic NPAg against Indigosol Blue is high where NPAg is able to degrade Indigosol Blue up to concentration of 700 ppm.
PENGARUH BIOFILM TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENURUNAN BOD, COD, TSS, MINYAK DAN LEMAK DARI LIMBAH PENGOLAHAN IKAN MENGGUNAKAN TRICKLING FILTER Arik Agustina; Iryanti Eka Suprihatin; James Sibarani
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 4 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK : Penelitian mengenai proses pengolahan limbah dari pabrik pengolahan ikan menggunakan trickling filter bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sumber mikroorganisme terhadap pembentukan biofilm serta pengaruh biofilm dan variasi sirkulasi terhadap efektivitas penurunan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), minyak dan lemak dari limbah pengolahan ikan. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan biofilm dari pecahan genting sebagai media menggunakan air limbah pengolahan ikan dan air sungai sebagai sumber mikroorganisme. Setelah biofilm terbentuk, air limbah dipercikkan ke dalam bak yang berisi biofilm tersebut sebanyak 4 kali sirkulasi. BOD, COD, TSS, minyak dan lemak diukur pada masing-masing sirkulasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA dua arah untuk mengetahui pengaruh sumber mirkroorganisme dan variasi sirkulasi pada efektivitas sistem dalam menurunkan parameter pencemar. Sumber mikroorganisme dari limbah pengolahan ikan lebih efektif dibandingkan air sungai. Analisis menujukkan bahwa sirkulasi 4 lebih Efektif dalam menurunkan BOD, COD, TSS, minyak dan lemak dengan persentase secara berurutan adalah 87,50%; 59,57%; 91,85%; dan 88,56%.   ABSTRACT : The research on waste treatment process from fish processing plant by using trickling filter aims to determine the  influence of source of microorganisms on biofilm formation, and the effect of biofilm and the number of circulation on the decrease of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), oil and grease. This study started with the formation of biofilm on roof tiles as the media, using fish processing waste and river water as the sources of microbes. The liquid waste was then trickled through the biofilm and circulated for four times. Samples were collected at each circulation and were analysed for their BOD, COD, TSS, Oil and fat concentrations. Data were analysed using two way ANOVA to determine the effect of microbe sources and circulation numbers on the effectivity of the system in decreasing the pollutant parameters. It was evident that biofilm formed by the fish processing waste was more effective than that by river water. The analysis also suggested that 4 circulations lower the BOD, COD, TSS, oil and grease most effectively, with the percentages of 87,50%; 59,57%; 91,85%, and 88,56% respectively.
RASIO ASAM NITRAT DAN SULFAT DALAM ANALISIS LOGAM KADMIUM, TEMBAGA, BESI, DAN TIMBAL PADA LIMBAH CAIR MENGGUNAKAN ICPE Ida Bagus Made Asmara Dwipa; Iryanti Eka Suprihatin; Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 7 No 1 (2019): Volume 7, Nomor 1, 2019
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Penggunaan bahan kimia yang efisien dalam proses analisis sangat menarik dan perlu untuk dikembangkan. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari penggunaan variasi rasio asam nitrat dan sulfat dalam proses destruksi basah untuk analisis logam Cd, Cu, Fe dan Pb dalam limbah cair. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan volume yang ditambahkan untuk memperoleh hasil paling baik adalah 1,5 mL asam nitrat dan 0,5 mL asam sulfat untuk logam Cd, Cu, dan Pb, dan 2,0 mL asam nitrat untuk logam Fe. Dengan protokol ini maka total asam yang dapat dihemat adalah 8 mL/sampel dan mengurangi limbah cair sebanyak 40 mL/sampel. Kata kunci: Destruksi Basah, Analisis Logam, Plasma Emission Spectroscopy. ABSTRACT: Efficiency of chemical uses in the analysis process is necessary and thus needs to be developed. In this study, we investigated nitric and sulfuric acid ratio (v/v) used in wet digestion process to analyze Cd, Cu, Fe and Pb metals in waste water. The research found that the best analytical results were obtained when 1.5 mL nitric acid and 0.5 mL sulfuric acid were used for digesting Cd, Cu, and Pb metals, or 2.0 mL nitric acid for Fe. With this protocol, total acid that can be saved is 8 mL per sample and liquid waste is reduced by 40 mL per sample.
Co-Authors A. A. Sg. Istri A. Suwandewi Anak Agung Istri Agung Mayun Laksmiwati Anak Agung Putri Cintya Paramitha Utari Antariksa, Najwa Kusuma Putri Arik Agustina B. Ankamwar Darmayasa, Dewa Komang Devi Esteria Hasianna Purba Devi Mayangsari Dewa Ayu Puspasari Didik Setiawan Dina Lindawati Purba Emmy Sahara Ermin Riskiani Gusti Ayu Dewi Lestari Gusti Ayu Putu Prima Purnamasari Henu Sumekar I Dewa Ketut Sastrawidana I G. A. K. S. P. Dewi I Gede Mahardika I Gusti Ayu Kd Ravika Sugianthi I Gusti Ayu Kunti Sri Panca Dewi I Gusti Lanang Wiratma I Gusti Ngurah Raka Aryawan I M. G. Sudyadnyana Sandhika I Made Siaka I Nengah Wirajana I Nyoman Sujana I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I W. Wiratama I Wayan Suarsa I. A. Gede Widihati I. M. S. Negara Ida Bagus Made Asmara Dwipa Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba Intan Wahyuni, Pande Made Irdhawati Irdhawati Ita Hidayatus S James Sibarani K. A. P. D. Putra K. D. Cahyadi K. Wardani Kadek Duwi Cahyadi Ketut Gede Dharma Putra Kunti Sri Panca Dewi, I Gusti Ayu Lisdiantari, Ni Luh Gede Luh Pt Widya Kalifika Devi Luh Putu Desy Udayani Made Arie Kusuma Dewi Manuntun Manurung N. D. Murdani N. K.D.S. Widari N. L. G. A. Sunariani N. W. S. P. Dewi Ni G. A. M. Dwi Adhi Suastuti Ni Ketut Esati Ni Komang Ariati Ni Luh Putu Mustika Praptiwi Ni Made Suaniti Ni Nyoman Trisnawati Ni Putu Ayu Dwijayanti, Ni Putu Ayu Susilawati Ni Putu Diantariani Oka Ratnayani Olivia Carolyn Sitepu P. B. Limbong Putu Suarya R. M. Suat Rahayu, Riana Suastari regi mahendra W. D. Sulihingtyas Wahyu Dwijani S. Wahyu Dwijani Sulihingtyas Wahyu Dwijani Sulihingtyas Welhelmus Djo, Yuliana Herman WIWIK SUSANAH RITA Y. P. Mau Yuliana Herman Welhelmus Djo