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Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

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Published by Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics ISSN: 2302-9285 is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication, computer engineering, computer science, information technology and informatics from the global world. The journal publishes original papers in the field of electrical (power), electronics, instrumentation & control, telecommunication and computer engineering; computer science; information technology and informatics. Authors must strictly follow the guide for authors. Please read these instructions carefully and follow them strictly. In this way you will help ensure that the review and publication of your paper is as efficient and quick as possible. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that are not in accordance with these instructions.

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Articles 539 Documents

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Capacitive electrode sensor implanted on a printed circuit board designed for continuous water level measurement Salami Ifedapo Abdullahi; Mohamed Hadi Habaebi; Noreha Abdul Malik
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Water level sensors are one of the practical ways to get the actual measurement of the depth of a dam or canal. The ease of deployment and easy data acquisition makes them widely used in many fields. Therefore, it will be advantageous to have a miniaturized water level sensor for easier mobility and deployment. A novel method for measuring water level using a Printed Circuit Board has been proposed in this paper. The design stages of circuit sketching, printing of sketch on PCB and etching are discussed for the electrode water level sensor. A signal conditioning circuit is necessary to maintain a steady flow of current from the power source. The fabricated electrode water level sensor was tested based on its capacitive effect while charging up and the amount of current at each electrode finger at the saturation stage. The hardware enablers for this test were the multimeter and LCR meter. Arduino microprocessor was used to test and measure the transient response time for each electrode finger. The transient response sensitivity of the electrode sensor is measured to be 0.0873 millisecond/cm while the resolution of the electrode sensor is 0.1cm over a range of 30cm water level. A multiple correlation of 0.921 was achieved for the water level, measured current and measured capacitance with P-values less than 0.05 indicating strength of the data obtained from the tests conducted. The result showed strong evidence that the electrode water level sensor can be an alternative method of measuring water level.

Investigation on the mass sensitivity of quartz crystal microbalance gas sensor using finite element simulation Aliza Aini Md Ralib; Nik Nursyahida Bt Nik Mohd Zamri; Ahmad Hafiz Faqruddin Hazadi; Rosminazuin Ab Rahim; Nor Farahidah Za’bah; Norazlina Saidin
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

The increasing global trends in healthcare priorities towards improving the effectiveness of diagnostic procedure by utilizing a non-invasive method which is breath analysis. This will benefit in increasing treatment efficiency and also reducing healthcare costs. Breath is a simple technique where the sample are easily obtained and can be provided immediately. The most popular method that had been used in hospital are urine and blood. Contradict with breath, urine and blood take too much time to analyse the disease and a painful process. The detection technique of breath analysis is done by using electroacoustic wave sensor from piezoelectric substrate. This acoustic wave sensor has been used to detect the changes in the frequency where it will be used to detect the disease. Breath analysis is a technique where it uses an electronic nose (E-nose) as a device. E-nose consist of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensor in order to differentiate odor in human breath. QCM is a sensitive weighing device which have a high efficiency. AT-cut quartz was chosen as the piezoelectric material and aluminum as the electrode. The objective of this paper is to design and simulate a QCM sensor for breath analysis application. Other than that, it also to determine the important key parameters that influence the performance of breath analysis which is sensitivity and resonant frequency. QCM sensor is being simulate by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This is to evaluate the behavior of QCM sensor in terms of Eigen frequency analysis. The simulated QCM sensor with quartz radius of 166 um resonates at 8.871 MHz. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.167 MHz/ng after exposed to acetone gas which act as the breath marker for detection of diseases in exhaled breath. Hence, the proposed design can be used as a non-invasive approach for early detection of disease through breath analysis.

Food intake gesture monitoring system based-on depth sensor Muhammad Fuad bin Kassim; Mohd Norzali Haji Mohd
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Food intake gesture technology is one of a new strategy for obesity people managing their health care while saving their time and money. This approach involves combining face and hand joint point for monitoring food intake of a user using Kinect Xbox One camera sensor. Rather than counting calories, scientists at Brigham Young University found dieters who eager to reduce their number of daily bites by 20 to 30 percent lost around two kilograms a month, regardless of what they ate [1]. Research studies showed that most of the methods used to count bite are worn type devices which has high false alarm ratio. Today trend is going toward the non-wearable device. This sensor is used to capture skeletal data of user while eating and train the data to capture the motion and movement while eating. There are specific joint to be capture such as Jaw face point and wrist roll joint. Overall accuracy is around 94%. Basically, this increase in the overall recognition rate of this system.

Recyclable waste separation system based on material classification using weight and size of waste Nur Shahida Midi; Muhammad Aizat Rahmad; Siti Hajar Yusoff; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Insufficient landfills problem had increased the needs to decrease the waste and recycling them. However, despite the efforts done by the government and local authorities on promoting recycling culture by introducing new laws and regulations, the awareness and willingness among the community is still low. One of the possible reasons to this is lack of effort to categorize the waste into the designated category which are paper, glass, plastic and metal. In order to address this problem, it is important to design a system that will ease the process of categorizing the waste. This can be achieve by the automation of the said process. In this work, a system consist of an algorithm and hardware to automatically categorize recyclable waste is proposed. The proposed system are utilizing weight sensor and ultrasonic sensors in order to capture the characteristics of the waste item, which are weight and size so that it can be categorized into paper, glass, plastic and metal. Here, a sytem to automatically separate household waste item is presented by combining an algorithm with a set of hardware consist of minimal number of sensors, conveyer belt and servor motors.

Classification of different types of metal from recyclable household waste for automatic waste separation system Siti Hajar Yusoff; Sazali Mahat; Nur Shahida Midi; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad; Syasya Azra Zaini
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Nowadays, solid waste has become a major problem in Malaysia. However, most people in Malaysia are not aware and take this problem for granted. The rising number of population and massive development in recent years indirectly generated an enormous value of household waste, making the household waste the main generator for solid waste in Malaysia. It stated that only 5 percent of an average 30,000 tons of waste have been recycled in Malaysia. The purpose of the paper is to design a system to separate the metal recyclable household waste automatically and record the data waste collected. There are total of four detectors used to separate the non-metal, steel, copper and aluminum metal waste. The average time used to complete metal separation process by using the proposed prototype is 14.5 seconds. This paper includes a mechanical part, programming part, an electronic design and also the data collected from this proposed system. The system will be programmed using Arduino Mega as a microcontroller to control all the electronic component in the system.

Automatic household waste separation system based on resistance value and moisture content Nurul Nazihah Ahamad; Sarah Yasmin Mohamad; Nur Shahida Midi; Siti Hajar Yusoff; Faridah Abd Rahman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

In the new era of globalization, waste disposal has turned into an immense concern among the nation. Nowadays, almost every part of the world is confronting a huge issue of improper disposal, segregation and recycling solid waste. Due to rapid growth in economy, industrialization and urbanization, there is also a rapid increase of capacity and volume of solid waste. As a result, improper management of solid waste lead to disturbance to the environment and human health. In this paper, a fully automated waste separation system to discriminate residual and recyclable waste is proposed. The system is designed to focus on household waste, since household waste ranks the highest volume of waste among others. It is designed to separate household waste into recyclable and residual waste according to the materials’ state, which is dry and wet, by employing a moisture sensor to the waste separation system.

Analysis of Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for chlorophyll prediction in oil palm leaves Mohd. Shafiq Amirul Sabri; R. Endut; C. B. M. Rashidi; A. R. Laili; S. A. Aljunid; N. Ali
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Oil palm nutrient content is investigated with using chlorophyll as a representative factor correlated with NIR spectroscopy spectral absorbance. NIR spectroscopy method of sampling have been tested to overcome time consuming, complex chemical analysis procedure and invasive sampling method in order to identify chlorophyll content in an oil palm tree. Spectral absorbance data from range 900 nm to 1700 nm and chlorophyll data, then tested through five pre-processing methods which is Savitzky-Golay Smoothing (SGS), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Single Normal Variation (SNV), First Derivative (1D) and also Second Derivative (2D) using Partial Least Square (PLS) regression prediction model to evaluate the correlation between both data. The overall results show, SGS has the best performance for preprocessing method with the results, the coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.9998 and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.0639. In summary, correlation of NIR spectral absorbance data and chlorophyll can be achieved using a PLS regression model with SGS pre-processing technique. Thus, we can conclude that NIR spectroscopy method can be used to identify chlorophyll content in oil palm with using time saving, simple sampling and non-invasive method.

Evaluation of patient electrocardiogram datasets using signal quality indexing Nazrul Anuar Nayan; Hafifah Ab Hamid
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in the hospital emergency rooms for detecting vital signs, such as heart rate variability and respiratory rate. However, the quality of the ECGs is inconsistent. ECG signals lose information because of noise resulting from motion artifacts. To obtain an accurate information from ECG, signal quality indexing (SQI) is used where acceptable thresholds are set in order to select or eliminate the signals for the subsequent information extraction process. A good evaluation of SQI depends on the R-peak detection quality. Nevertheless, most R-peak detectors in the literature are prone to noise. This paper assessed and compared five peak detectors from different resources. The two best peak detectors were further tested using MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and then used for SQI evaluation. These peak detectors robustly detected the R-peak for signals that include noise. Finally, the overall SQI of three patient datasets, namely, Fantasia, CapnoBase, and MIMIC-II, was conducted by providing the interquartile range (IQR) and median SQI of the signals as the outputs. The evaluation results revealed that the R-peak detectors developed by Clifford and Behar showed accuracies of 98% and 97%, respectively. By introducing SQI and choosing only high-quality ECG signals, more accurate vital sign information will be achieved.

Analysis of wavelet-based full reference image quality assessment algorithm Faizah Mokhtar; Ruzelita Ngadiran; Taha Basheer; Amir Nazren Abdul Rahim
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Measurement of Image Quality plays an important role in numerous image processing applications such as forensic science, image enhancement, medical imaging, etc. In recent years, there is a growing interest among researchers in creating objective Image Quality Assessment (IQA) algorithms that can correlate well with perceived quality. A significant progress has been made for full reference (FR) IQA problem in the past decade. In this paper, we are comparing 5 selected FR IQA algorithms on TID2008 image datasets. The performance and evaluation results are shown in graphs and tables. The results of quantitative assessment showed wavelet-based IQA algorithm outperformed over the non-wavelet based IQA method except for WASH algorithm which the prediction value only outperformed for certain distortion types since it takes into account the essential structural data content of the image.

Hand motion pattern recognition analysis of forearm muscle using MMG signals M. R. Mohamad Ismail; C. K. Lam; K. Sundaraj; M. H. F. Rahiman
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Surface Mechanomyography (MMG) is the recording of mechanical activity of muscle tissue. MMG measures the mechanical signal (vibration of muscle) that generated from the muscles during contraction or relaxation action. It is widely used in various fields such as medical diagnosis, rehabilitation purpose and engineering applications. The main purpose of this research is to identify the hand gesture movement via VMG sensor (TSD250A) and classify them using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). There are four channels MMG signal placed into adjacent muscles which PL-FCU and ED-ECU. The features used to feed the classifier to determine accuracy are mean absolute value, standard deviation, variance and root mean square. Most of subjects gave similar range of MMG signal of extraction values because of the adjacent muscle. The average accuracy of LDA is approximately 87.50% for the eight subjects. The finding of the result shows, MMG signal of adjacent muscle can affect the classification accuracy of the classifier.

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