MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal)
Malang Neurology Journal is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that focuses on promoting neurological sciences generated from basic neurosciences and clinical neurology. This journal publishes original articles, reviews, and also interesting case reports. Brief communications containing short features of medicine, latest developments in diagnostic procedures of neurology disease, treatment, or other health issues related to neurology that is important also acceptable. Letters and commentaries of our published articles are welcome.
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<![CDATA[EFFECTIVITY OF NINTENDO WII AS REHABILITATION THERAPY IN POST STROKE PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ]]>
<![CDATA[Wardani, Rachmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Salsabila, Sirin]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahman, Arizal Novrianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Rakhmatiar, Rodhiyan]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.11
<![CDATA[Post stroke patients need medical rehabilitation to live an independent life. Nintendo Wii technology presents an alternative choice that is quite safe, feasible, and has a high potential in rehabilitating & restoring motor function in post stroke patients. Although it has been widely used as adjunct therapy in stroke rehabilitation facilities throughout the world, only a few acknowledge its effectivity in post-stroke patients. This study aims to conduct a systematic review in order to identify and assess the results used in evaluating Nintendo Wii technology as rehabilitation therapy for stroke patients. Thus, the study used for this research is systematic review. Materials included in this study are research/studies found in NCBI, PubMed, Cochrane and other relevant online databases. From this research, it is found that Virtual Reality (VR) such as Nintendo Wii considered as an additional rehabilitation therapy that provides a significant improvement in various aspects of exercise therapy, such as; balance; walking ability; statistical and dynamic strengths; motivation as well as socialization; and recovery of physical function in stroke patients. Nintendo Wii can also be used safely in stroke patients and there have been no reports of side effects from this therapy.]]>
<![CDATA[CRANIAL ULTRASOUND: EFFICIENT SCREENING TOOL FOR EARLY DETECTION OF BRAIN INJURY IN PRETERM INFANTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Erawati, Dini Rachma]]>;
<![CDATA[Yueniwati, Yuyun]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.2
<![CDATA[Background: Cranial ultrasound becomes an important diagnostic tool to evaluate brain injury in infants. Brain injury is a major complication for preterm birth. The brain injury of preterm infants differs from that of a term infant. Brain injury has correlation with gestational age and mode of delivery.Objective: To analyze the correlation between cranial ultrasound findings with gestational age and mode of delivery and to reveal if cranial ultrasound can be used to detect brain injury in premature infants.Methods: An observational analytic study using cross-sectional design took place in Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, Indonesia. 38 healthy preterm infants underwent cranial ultrasound examination within the first four day of life. Fisher Exact test was used to analyze the correlation between cranial ultrasound findings with gestational age and mode of delivery.Results:  Most of the healthy preterm infants (89.5%) were ≥ 32 weeks gestational age, and 52.6% of samples had caesarean section as their mode of delivery. There were three abnormal findings in cranial ultrasound; increased periventricular echogenic (5.3%), increased parenchym echogenic (5.3%), and indistinguishable of gray-white matter differentiation (5.3%). There was no significant correlation between abnormal cranial ultrasound findings with gestational age and mode of delivery (p= 0.202; p= 0.218).Conclusion: There were abnormal cranial ultrasound findings in some healthy preterm infants despite no significant correlation between ultrasound findings with gestational age and mode of delivery. Cranial ultrasound in preterm infants could become a screening tool for early detection of brain injury.]]>
<![CDATA[ALPHA-PINENE ATTENUATES MICROGLIAL NF-ΚB ACTIVATION AND INOS EXPRESSION IN GP120-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahayu, Masruroh]]>;
<![CDATA[Widodo, M Aris]]>;
<![CDATA[Lyrawati, Diana]]>;
<![CDATA[Widjadjanto, Edi]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.16
<![CDATA[Background: Neuro-inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia (HIV). Activation of microglia is essential for triggering inflammatory-mediated neurotoxicity. HIV-1 120 kDa envelope glycoprotein (gp120) induces microglial NF-κB signaling which in turn induce pro-inflammatory and iNOS gene transcription. Continuous or excessive activation of NF-κB signaling lead to persistent production of TNF-α and nitric oxide by microglia and induce neuronal apoptosis. Alpha-pinene is a natural substance found in pine tree and has efficacy on inhibiting NF-κB signaling.Objective: This study was designed as a true experimental study and aimed to investigate the effect of alpha-pinene administration toward inflammatory response represented by the percentage of microglia containing activated NF-κB and iNOS expression.Methods: Neuron-glia primary culture from brain tissue of rat fetus was divided into 5 groups as follows: negative control; positive control (gp120 1nM); treatment I, II, and III (gp120 1 nM + alpha-pinene 0.4 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, and 10 µg/mL, respectively). Microglial NF-κB and iNOS expression were analyzed using immunohistochemistry method. Neuronal apoptosis was measured by TUNNEL method.Results: Result showed that alpha-pinene administration on gp120-treated neuron-glia at all dosages decrease NF-kB activation, iNOS expression, and apoptotic neuron significantly as compared to the gp120-only treated group (p<0.05). Furthermore, alpha-pinene did not affect NF-kB activation and neuronal apoptosis (p>0.05), but significantly elevate iNOS expression (p<0.05) mainly in dosage I and II.Conclusion: We concluded that alpha-pinene has neuroprotective effect on gp120-treated neuron-glia cells through modulation of NF-kB and iNOS expression thus inhibit neuronal apoptosis.]]>
<![CDATA[COMPARISON OF VARIOUS EEG ELECTRODE PLACEMENT SYSTEMS TO DETECT EPILEPTIFORM ABNORMALITIES IN INFANTS ]]>
<![CDATA[Parameswaran, Sajeesh]]>;
<![CDATA[Anil Kumar, Thankappakurup Vijayamma]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohan1, Ajith]]>;
<![CDATA[Thomas, John]]>;
<![CDATA[Sajeev, Nikhil]]>;
<![CDATA[Swarnam, Kamala]]>;
<![CDATA[Pillai, Ananthanarayana Marthanda]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.7
<![CDATA[Background: Technical difficulties in placement of whole 10-20 electrode system is not uncommon in neonates and infants. Apart from the full channel many centers uses the modified and amplitude integrated EEG montages to identify seizures.Objective: Efficacy of standard, modified and amplitude integrated EEG electrode placement in infants to detect epileptiform abnormalities.Methods: All routine EEGs from June 2015 to April 2018 were taken. Age ≤ 2years at the time of recoding was the inclusion criteria. Digital EEG was performed according to standard 10-20 electrode placement system in all patients. Abnormal EEGs were reanalyzed in different montages like A) 21 electrodes- full channel, B) 10 electrodes- modified long distance and C)4 electrodes- (centro/parietal) respectively. Inter ictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), seizures, periodic complexes and non-specific dysfunctions were tabulated in all patients. Full channel montages are considered bench mark for the analysisResults: A total 129 EEGs analyzed. A) Full channel standard 21 electrodes montages could identify IEDs in 35, non-specific electrophysiological dysfunction in 9 and burst-suppression pattern in 2 EEGs. B) Modified electrode placement consists of 10 electrodes could identify IEDs only in 26 EEGs and non-specific electro physiological dysfunction in 6 EEGs. A total of 28 nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) recorded in 6 patients; 20 numbers of NCS (71.4%) seen in modified electrode placement (B) and only 16 (57.1%) seen in centro/parietal electrode placement (C)..Conclusion: Standard EEG electrode placement has higher yield in detecting epileptiform abnormalities.]]>
<![CDATA[SEIZURES IN CHILDREN WITH LOW GRADE GLIOMA ]]>
<![CDATA[Ostwal, Piyush]]>;
<![CDATA[Nandan, Shanbhag]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.12
<![CDATA[Seizures are a common presentation of pediatric brain tumors. The incidence of pediatric brain tumor (Age 0-19 years) ranges from 1.12–5.26 cases per 100,000 persons. Low grade gliomas are an important subgroup of pediatric brain tumors causing epilepsy. Low-grade gliomas are largely slow-growing tumors and the manifestations are dependent on age, location, tumor type, size of tumor and rate of tumor growth. Seizures have been reported in up to 38 % of children with supratentorial tumors. The tumors are identified when work up of patients for epilepsy includes electrophysiological and imaging studies. The primary treatment modality remains surgical excision. Antiepileptic medications are used for control of seizures. Subsequent histopathological diagnosis is important for prognostication. The tumors commonly associated with long-term epilepsy in various studies were ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, pilocytic astrocytoma and pilocytic xanthoastrocytoma. The outcome of surgery with regards to seizure control is generally good. Though concomitantly antiepileptic medications will be needed for most of them. An attempt is made in this review to summarize the epidemiology, clinical features, pathology and treatment aspects of pediatric low grade gliomas presenting with seizures.]]>
<![CDATA[DEMENTIA IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL SURABAYA: A SYNTHETIC REVIEW OF ITS CHARACTERISTICS ]]>
<![CDATA[Imami, Nabilah Hasna]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryono, Yudha]]>;
<![CDATA[Sensusiati, Anggraini Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Hamdan, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Hidayati, Hanik Badriyah]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.3
<![CDATA[Background: Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function in elderly people interferes the ability to function independently. The number of elderly patients increased so fast in worldwide. The prevalence of dementia rapidly increases due to increasing of population. Aging demographic transition is proceeding rapidly especially in China, India, and Latin America, where dementia is rapidly becoming the major public health problem. Demographic data of elderly patients of dementia in Indonesia is still a little. Dementia’s research data in Indonesia were only obtained from Bali and Yogyakarta, while data from Surabaya were not obtained. Our research data is taken from Dr. General Hospital Soetomo Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. This study is important for dementia epidemiological data and baseline data for further treatment of dementia patients in Surabaya.Objective: The purpose of this study to determine the characteristics profile of elderly patients with dementia in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.Methods: Sampling was done with purposive sampling by observing the medical records of patients in the period of January 2017 to December 2017 based on inclusion and exclusion criterias that have been set. The data was taken from the patient's medical record which had been written and examined by neurologists from the neurology department in the neurobehaviour sub-department of Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.Results: The majority of dementia patients are men (51,7%); the age group which is most at risk for dementia is between age of 75-79 years; most of the patients are jobless; more than half of patients are high school graduates; and Vascular Dementia (VaD) is the type of dementia that most people suferredConclusion: This characteristic’s data of dementia can be used for providing information about dementia to make public health care provides a better facillities and treatment for elderly patients to prevent dementia burden.]]>
<![CDATA[THE CIDR1α-PfEMP1 SEQUENCE FROM INDONESIAN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AND ITS POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION WITH THE CEREBRAL OUTCOME ]]>
<![CDATA[Sulistyaningsih, Erma]]>;
<![CDATA[Armiyanti, Yunita]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Rosita]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.8
<![CDATA[Background: Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) is an important protein responsible for the pathogenesis of severe malaria, including cerebral malaria. The protein is highly diverse. The CIDR1α-PfEMP1 binds endothelial protein receptor (EPCR) and may associated with the brain swelling in childhood malaria.Objective: To analyze the CIDR1α-PfEMP1 from Indonesian isolate and determine its association with cerebral malaria outcome.Methods: Fifteen blood samples of clinically mild to severe malaria-patient were collected for DNA extraction. Malaria diagnosis was conducted microscopically by Giemsa-stained thin blood smear. The CIDR1α domain was amplified by PCR using specific primer and PCR product was sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed by NCBI blast, DNASIS MAX 3 and translated into amino acid sequences using Expasy Translation Tool.Results: One out of fifteen samples was severe malaria case and infected with P. falciparum, the rest were clinically mild to moderate malaria and infected with pure P. falciparum or mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax. Amplification for CIDR1α domain resulted a single band of + 550 bp from a severe sample only. Sequencing of PCR product on both strands read 524 nucleotides and BLAST analysis confirmed as CIDR1α sequence. Multiple alignment showed 74-78% nucleotide sequence similarity with reference sequences, but amino acid sequences presented 23.5% homologous.Conclusion: An identified CIDR1α domain only from severe case implicating the potential association with the severe outcome including cerebral malaria, but the highly diverse of the domain needs further studies on the interaction with the pathological-causing receptor in the host. ]]>
<![CDATA[A CASE REPORT OF ACUTE NONTRAUMATIC SPONTANEOUS SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA DUE TO PSEUDOANEURYSM OF MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY ]]>
<![CDATA[Makkiyah, Feda]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurrahmah, Rahma Nida]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.13
<![CDATA[Acute subdural bleeding is blood collection in subdural space, usually caused by laceration of the bridging vein that runs from cortex to meningeal layer. On the other hand, the acute epidural hematoma is a collection of blood above the dura mater, usually caused by tearing of the middle meningeal artery. Subdural hematoma acute more likely happen in elderly than young adult. This case report discusses acute spontaneous subdural hematoma that was caused by a pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery. Seventeen years old boy came with symptoms of high intracranial pressure because of massive subdural bleeding. He was undergone craniotomy. After the clot removal operation, Digital Subtraction Angiography revealed vascular blush and pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery. Onyx embolization was delivered to proximal to a distal branch of the middle meningeal artery. The patient recovered in good condition, and no rebleeding in two years. Conclusion. Acute spontaneous subdural bleeding even though it is quite rare, but the chance of fatal rebleeding is high. As a result, one still has to look for the source of bleeding and manage comprehensively with embolization.]]>
<![CDATA[NUMERIC RATING SCALE ANALYSIS OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER MICROVASCULAR DECOMPRESSION ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitri Amelia, Elena Ghentilis]]>;
<![CDATA[Turchan, Agus]]>;
<![CDATA[Rehatta, Nancy Margarita]]>;
<![CDATA[Hidayati, Hanik Badriyah]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.4
<![CDATA[Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia is a common condition of facial pain and its significantly affect patients’ daily life. Microvascular decompression is one of the interventional pain management for trigeminal neuralgia. There is still a little data obtained on evaluation of facial pain after microvascular decompression in Indonesia.   Objective: This research aimed to evaluate facial pain after microvascular decompression of  trigeminal neuralgia patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, PHC Hospital, and Bangil General Hospital, Indonesia.Methods: The research design was a pretest-posttest with total sampling. Data were obtained from medical records from January 2018 until June 2019. Researches used Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) as pain measurement. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistical test, normality test, and paired t-test.Results: Trigeminal Neuralgia patients that has been treated with microvascular decompression have an average facial reduction from 7.33±2.29 to 1.89±3.41 with p = 0.001. This result showed that the microvascular decompression has significantly reduce facial pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.Conclusion: Microvascular decompression significantly reduce the facial pain of trigeminal neuralgia patients.]]>
<![CDATA[POTENTIAL OF ANTHOCYANIN BASED POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE) NANOPARTICLES SPECIFIC ACTIVATED MICROGLIA IN MANAGEMENT INFLAMMATORY PAIN ON HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ]]>
<![CDATA[Widyadharma, I Putu Eka]]>;
<![CDATA[Satyarsa, Agung Bagus Sista]]>;
<![CDATA[Sanjaya, Feliani]]>;
<![CDATA[Gitari, Ni Made]]>;
<![CDATA[Niryana, I Wayan]]>;
<![CDATA[Purwata, Thomas Eko]]>;
<![CDATA[Jawi, I Made]]>;
<![CDATA[Suprapta, Dewa Ngurah]]>;
<![CDATA[Sudewi, AA Raka]]>
<![CDATA[ MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2021.007.01.9
<![CDATA[Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that can affect the quality of life and leads to decreased productivity in patients. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the significant causes of disability worldwide with lifelong incidence. The purpose of this literature review describes the potential of anthocyanin-based Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)  nanoparticles as the management of inflammatory pain in the Hernia Nucleus Pulposus (HNP ). The method used is a literature study by entering the keyword. Of the 77 journals reviewed, 47 journals were found by the topic and used as a reference for this work. The anthocyanin-based PMMA nanoparticles act as anti-nociceptors by inhibiting microglia that produce inflammatory mediators in HNP. Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) nanoparticles have specific targets in microglia. Anthocyanins have the effect of inhibiting inflammatory pain through many destinations. Anthocyanin inhibits the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO ) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2) and inhibits the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kB pathways that express TNF-α and IL-1β genes as anti-nociceptive. The anthocyanin-based PMMA nanoparticles have potential as a novel therapy for inflammatory pain in HNP. There has been no research between these modalities. Therefore, further research is needed to find out the exact potential of anthocyanin-based PMMA nanoparticles.]]>
