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BERITA BIOLOGI

berita_biologi
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 5 (2009)" : 40 Documents clear

STUDI FITOKIMIA Baeckea frutescens L: PENGARUH FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KOMPOSISI KIMIA MINYAK ATSIRI Murningsih, Tri
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Isolation of two essential oils of Baeckea frutescens L. leaves from different locations (Yogyakarta and Semarang) was done by hydrodistilation. The chemical composition of the oils were analysed by GC-MS. The oils were found to possess chemical compositional differences and considerable variation in the levels of each chemical components, suggesting the existence of chemical varieties.The oils were dominated by monoterpene i.e 8-cineole (22,08-22.67%) and P-pinene (17,98-29.22%).Comparison of chemical composition of the oils analyzed in this study and oils from literatures was conducted to study the effect of environmental factor on the essential oil composition.The result showed that temperature, irradiance, photoperiod and altitute factors influence the chemical composition of essential oils. Tasmanone, a non-terpenic triketone only appears in the essential oils from Quang Binh province (north Vietnam), that have extreme environmental condition.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN AKUMULASI MERKURI BERBAGAI JENIS TUMBUHAN YANG DITANAM DI MEDIA LIMBAH PENAMBANGAN EMAS DENGAN PERLAKUAN BERBAGAI TINGKAT KONSENTRASI MERKURI DAN KELAT AMONIUM TIOSULFAT Juhaeti, Titi; Hidayati, N; Syarif, F; Hidayat, S
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Gold mining activities have recently increased in many areas. Contamination with heavy metals, mainly mercury due to illegal mine (PETI) have been in concern to residents around the area. One approach to remediate risks from some toxic metal pollutants is phytoextraction using hyperaccumulator plants. These remarkable plant species accumulate appreciable high concentrations of metals than do normal plants when the normal plants suffers yield reduction from metal phytotoxicity. Possible solution of using indigenous plants for phytoremediation has been studied. Performance of four selected plant species i.e Paspalum conjugatum, Centrosema pubescens, Commelina nudiflora and Mikania cordata were examined. In this study the plants were grown in PETI waste media contaminated with 25.733 ppm mercury (Hg), added with mercury (II) chloride (HgCl2) with different levels of concentrations i.e. 0 ppm Hg (HO), 10 ppm Hg (H10) and 20 ppm Hg (H20). To increase mercury uptake from the media, chelating agent, ammonium thiosulfat (NH4),S2O, was applied with concentration of 0 ppm (KO) dan 50 ppm (50). Plants biomass and mercury accumulation in plant shoots and roots were assessed at one and two months after treatments. The results showed that all of the plant species under study were highly tolerant to Hg. It was indicated by plant normal performances and high biomass production even in the highest level of Hg concentration and high Hg accumulation in the plant shoot and roots that reached 41.860 ppm in the shoot of P. conjugatum (H10 with chelate), 40.054 ppm in the shoot of C. pubescens (H20 no chelate),41.089 ppm in the shoot of C. nudiflora (H10 no chelate) and 42.610 ppm in the shoot of M. cordata (H10 no chelate). At the highest concentration levels of Hg under study there was no effects of toxicity on the plants, indicated by normal plant growth and high biomass production. Higher accumulation of Hg were found in the plants treated with higher level of Hg concentrations.

KONDISI OPTIMUM FUSI PROTOPLAS ANTARA JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH {Peurotus floridae) DAN JAMUR TIRAM COKLAT {Pleurotus cystidiosusy Djajanegara, Ira N; El-khobar, Korri
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Genetic crossing of white oyster mushroom to introduce longer storage life trait can only be done within individuals in this particular species. However, longer storage life trait is possessed by brown oyster mushroom (Pleurotus cystidiosus) which is other species within this genus. Thefeore, protoplast fusion between white oyster mushroom (Peurotus floridae) and brown oyster mushroom (Pleurotus cystidiosus) was conducted to hopefully obtain an oyster mushroom strain that has higher production and longer storage life. Protoplast fusion was done by isolating protoplast from 5-days old monokaryotic mycelia grown in PDB. As much as 3.15 x 10 protoplasts/ml were harvested using mixture of cellulase Onozuka R-10 (1%) and macerozyme R-10 (1%) from brown oyster mushroom with 80.61% viability. Similarly, 3.71 x 10 protoplasts/ml were harvested using lysing enzyme (2%)from brown oyster mushroom with 83.68% viability. Protoplast fusion were conducted using 0% (control), 30%, 40% and 50% of PEG6000. Fusion periods were done at 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The candidate fusants were then screened using MRM (minimum regeneration media) media. Based on this experiment, the optimum conditions for protoplast fusion is 10 minutes incubation using 40% PEG6000 that yielded 121 colonies grown on MRM media as candidate fusants.

INTERSPECIFIC ASSOCIATION PATTERNS AND EDAPHlC FACTORS INFLUENCES: A CASE STUDY OF Orania regalis Zippelius IN WAIGEO ISLAND, WEST PAPUA [Pola Asosiasi Antarspesies dan Pengaruh Faktor Edafik: Studi Kasus Orania regalis Zippelius di Pulau Waigeo, Papua Barat] Widyatmoko, Didik
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Tropical plant community ecology is often assumed to be driven largely by stochastic disturbance, regeneration and demographic processes. The influence and importance of physical and biotic components are rarely taken into account. Consequently, scientific findings in this field are very limited. Tropical soils are in fact more diverse than usually is recognized. This study was conducted to test hypotheses about the importance and influence of edaphic parameters and association patterns in determining the abundance and distribution of the Papuasian palm Orania regalis Zippelius and its co-occurrence with other plant species. The results showed that a number of interrelating edaphic factors, in combination, appeared to explain the abundance and occurrence of O. regalis. This palm showed a preference for wet, but well-drained soils, with high magnesium (Mg ) and calcium (Ca *)contents. The three largest colonies occurred in sites where Mg * content was high. On the other hand, high alkaline concentrations corresponded to the absence of the palm. Eight of 14 tropical plant species were positively associated while six species were negatively associated with O. regalis. For five species (Licuala gramnifolia, Tabernaemontana aurantiaca, Intsia bijuga, Vatica rassak,and Palaquium obovatum), the association with O. regalis was strong, as indicated by their Ochiai indices (>0.5).The palms L. gramnifolia and Sommieria leucophylla appeared to have similar ecological preferences and habitat requirements with O.regalis. The palm tended to occupy sites with lower C/N ratios and all known colonies occurred in habitats with average C/N values of less than 10. Based on the r-squared values, exchangeable Mg* appeared to have more influence on plant density and frequency than on basal area and canopy circle area. The exchangeable Ca * and C/N values showed a similar pattern to Mg contents.However, K ., Na ., Al and H contents did not show significant relationships with the palm abundance parameters. These findings suggest that edaphic variables and plant association patterns are important determinants of the abundance and occurrence of tropical plant species.

KINERJA Saccharomyces cerevisiae REKOMBINAN [GLO1] DALAM PROSES SIMULTAN HIDROLISIS PATI DAN FERMENTASI UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL Baktir, Afaf; Cholifah, Nur; Sumarsih, Sri
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Recent development in fermentations for bioethanol production were focused three factors, i.e. abundance and cheap substrates,superior yeast fermenting the substrates, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) technology.Nowadays national and world bioethanol production still depend on sugar cane and starchy materials.This research aims to determinate the optimum simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) conditions to identify the performance of local strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinant [GLO1] in the producing bioethanol from starch.The optimum conditions for SSF process are in a media composition containing glucose 2% (w/v), starch 5% and at aeration rate 50 rpm.At these optimum conditions Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinant [GLO1] produce 25.36% (v/v) bioethanol at day-20 of the fermentation process design.

EVALUASI KARAKTER PEKA PANJANG HARI (PHOTOPERIOD) PADA TIGA GOLONGAN (Subspecies) PADI (Oryza sativa) SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KARAKTER AGRONOMIS Suhartini, Tintin
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Day length or photoperiod is a situation of replacement of light period to dark which able to control the flower initiation and also growth of crop. Rice is short day plant; if day length exceed the critical phase it will be late of flowering.The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate rice cultivars which differ in groups and agronomic characters to photoperiod.The experiment was done at two seasons in November 1997 and May 1998 at green house BB-BIOGEN Bogor. The total of 29 cultivars consist of 3 subspesies of javanica, indica and japonica type were used. The experiment was based on randomized block design with 4 replications. The result showed the local varieties were sensitive and javanica were medium, while improved varieties and japonica type were insensitive to photoperiod. The effect of seasons were significantly different to flowering days of local and javanica types, significantly and not significantly different to japonica, while not significantly different to improved varieties. The season has not significant effect to panicle length and unfilled grain per panicle characters for all cultivars type. Plant heigth and dry straw per hill were higher in rainy season, while fill grain per panicle, total grain per panicle and 1000 grain weight were higher in dry season. The results showed there have correlation between flowering days to all characters were observed, except number of tiller in rainy season was not correlated.

PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI GAS HIDROGEN (H2 )DAN ETANOL PADA Bacillus pumilus DENGAN MUTASI MENGGUNAKAN Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) DAN SELEKSI DENGAN METODA PROTON SUICIDE Trismilah, Trismilah; AR, Mahyudin
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Mutation by using Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) was carried out in the study of the enhancement of H2 and ethanol production in Bacillus pumilus.Target mutant was selected by using proton suicide method. Bacterial suspensions was spread into agar minimal U medium containing 13 or, 14, 15 and 16 u.1 of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and incubated at 37 C for 3, or 4 , or 5, or 6 hours.The method of proton suicide was applied by the addition of equimolar of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 180, 185, 190, 195, 200 mM NaBr and NaBrO3.Triphenyl tetra chloride (TTC) was also added as indicator into agar plate in order to distinguish between wild type and mutants. Fermentation was carried out using glycerol complex medium.Hydrogen gas(H,) contain was determined by the replacement of NaCI solution in cylindrical glass and the ethanol was measured by gas chromatography. After mutation, several mutants were observed. In Mutant ( Asp8) which was obtained by treatment of 195 equimolar of NaBr and NaBrO,, production of ethanol and H2 were higher 10 fold and 1.13 fold, respectively compare to the wild type while acids production decreased. The data indicated that mutation might provoke metabolic alteration especially in acid production.

STUDI VEGETASI HUTAN RAWA AIR TAWAR DI CAGAR ALAM RIMBO PANTI, SUMATERA BARAT Yusuf, Razali; Purwaningsih, Purwaningsih
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v9i5.1986

A Vegetation study of some different freshwater swamp forests in Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, West Sumatera was carried out with a quadrat methode.The results of a floristic inventory of trees with DBH e" 10 cm show that 136 species of 90 genera in 402 families ,presented by 1676 individuals, with the total basal area of 53.11 m occurred in the 5 hectare sample plots.The two leading families in terms of number of species were Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae while according to the the total sum of importance values for families were Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae and Bignoniaceae.We recorded 19 species of Euphorbiaceae, constituting14.4% of the total species with the basal area of 39.4 % of the total in the three plots. Terminalia copelandii(Combretaceae) was the most prominent species occurring here and was one of the ten leading species. The species-area curves rose steadily up to an area of 1.0 hectare, with a very slight indication of levelling off at about 2 hectares, indicating high Heterogenity particulary in the permanently flooded swamp forest. Four largest trees were Artocarpus rotundatus (DBH = 100.50 cm) Chydenanthus excelsus (DBH = 92.50 cm), Haplophragma macrolobum (DBH = 83.00) and Anthocephalus chinensis (DBH= 75.10 cm).

STATUS HARA DIHUTAN GEWANG (Corypha utan Lamk.), DESA USAPISONBAI, KUPANG, NUSATENGGARA TIMUR Alhamd, Laode; Partomihardjo, T; Naiola, BP
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/bb.v9i5.2000

Gewang or Corypha utan Lamk. is tree that support the daily need in Usapisonbai village, Nekamese District, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur The nutrient content of the tree is important to be observed, since the tree is crucial to be sustainable.Three permanent plots were established and random sampling was conducted. The results showed that characteristics of soil are clay in texture, somewhat alkaline, mid in C/N ratio, and high CEC (cation exchange capacity) for calcium, magnesium dan potassium.Nutrient contents of soil were 0.15, 0.002, 0.04, 1.16 and 0.04%, respectively, for N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Litter contribution was dominated by leaves (7.73 t ha-), and other parts reached 6.7 t ha , with their nutrient content of N (0.72), P (0.09), K (0.18),Ca (2.S4) and Mg (0.27%). The significant, differences of nitrogen between nutrient contents and between total nutrient contents through litters (P < 0.05) were found. The nutrient contents of tree are 0.57 N, 0.4, P, 0.75 K, 0.77 Ca and 0.18% Mg. The increase of the tree nutrient could be done by utilizing organic matter or by planting tree species that can increase soil fertility and survive in savanna.

PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI BENIH BAUNG {Mystus nemurus) MELALUI PERBAIKAN KADAR LEMAK PAKAN INDUK Suhenda, Ningrum; Samsudin, Reza; Subagja, Jojo
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

The production of good quality seed for culture purpose begins with proper attention to the nutritional requirements of the parental broodstock. The objective of this research was to know the level of lipid in broodstock feed to reach good seed production.The experiment was conducted in concrete ponds located at Research Instalation for Aquaculture Environment and Toxicology,Cibalagung, Bogor. Broodstock with average individual body weight of 420.8 Â± 72.10 g were cultured in concrete pond 3.5 x 2.53x 0.8 m with stocking density of 15 fish/pond. Pelleted fish with 35% protein content and different lipid level of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 % were given with daily ratio 2 % of body weight. Gonadosomatic index, ovosomatic index; the weight, the number and the diameter of egg; fertilization rate, hatching rate, percentage of larva produced and daily growth rate and survival rate of 21 days old seed were observed. The result showed that there were no significant difference (P>0.05) among treatments for all parameters except for the diameter of the egg. The result showed that all of the broodstock were matured in three months.Gonadosomatic index were ranged between 13.69-16.65%, ovosomatic index: 11.26-14.62%. The weight of the egg varied from 1.45-1.69 mg/egg with the diameter in between 1.37-1.66 mm. The number of eggs per kg broodstock varied from 74,473-88,787 with fertilization rate of : 67.15-93.29%, and hatching rate were ranged from 88.33%-96.62%. The feed with 8% lipid level showed the highest value of gonadosomatic index (16.65%), fertilization rate (93.29%), percentage of larva produced (90.14%), egg weight (1.69 mg) and egg diameter (1.66 mm). Average daily growth rate of the 21 days old offsprings was 18.12%-19.25% with survival rate of 60.25%-75.50%. The feed with 8% lipid level tends to give the best effect on the reproduction parameters and the performances of the seed.

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