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Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19783728     EISSN : 24429740     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012" : 11 Documents clear
Inhibition effect of cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium Occidentale L.) on biofilm formation of Streptococcus sanguinis Rizni Amaliah; Sri larnani; Ivan Arie Wahyudi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (395.276 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p212-216

Abstract

Background: Biofilm is communities of microorganisms attached to solid surface and enclosed in extracellular matrix that protected microorganisms from antibacterial agents and host defense. One of bacteria might have a role in initial colonization of biofilm formation is Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). Previous studies showed that cashew stem bark extract (Anacardium occidentale L.) can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus strains. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition effect of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) stem bark ethanol extract on biofilm formation of S. sanguinis. Methods: Streptococcus sanguinis grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) + 2% sucrose medium by using microplate polystyrene 96 wells. The samples were divided into 3 groups, 5% polyethyleneglycol (PEG) as negative control, cashew stem bark extract (concentration 3.125 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml, 9.375 mg/ml, and 12.5 mg/ml), and 0.12% chlorhexidine (as positive control). Biofilm was stained by 1% crystal violet. Afterwards, optical density (OD) of samples were measured by microplate reader λ 595 nm. The data of biofilm formation inhibition percentage were analyzed by one way ANOVA and then continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Results: The result of one way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in inhibition of S. sanguinis biofilm formation (p<0.05). LSD test showed that concentration extract 3.125 mg/ml had significant difference with concentration 9.375 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml. Reciprocally, concentration 6.25 mg/ml had significant difference with concentration 9.375 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml. Conclusion: Cashew stem bark extract was able to inhibit biofilm formation of S. sanguinis.Latar belakang: Biofilm merupakan sekumpulan mikroorganisme yang melekat pada permukaan solid dan diselubungi oleh matriks ekstraseluler yang melindungi mikroorganisme dari bahan-bahan antibakteri dan sel-sel pertahanan tubuh. Salah satu bakteri yang berperan pada awal pembentukan biofilm adalah Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri strain Streptococcus. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol kulit batang jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) terhadap pembentukan biofilm S. sanguinis. Metode: Media pertumbuhan S. sanguinis menggunakan Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) + 2% sukrosa yang ditumbuhkan pada microplate polystyrene 96 wells. Kelompok perlakuan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu PEG 5% (kontrol negatif), ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete (konsentrasi 3,125 mg/ml, 6,25 mg/ml, 9,375 mg/ml, dan 12,5 mg/ml), dan klorheksidin 0,12% (kontrol positif). Biofilm yang terbentuk diwarnai dengan crystal violet 1%. Kemudian optical density (OD) sampel diukur menggunakan microplate reader λ 595 nm. Data berupa persentase penghambatan pembentukan biofilm dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD). Hasil: Uji one way ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan daya hambat pembentukan biofilm S. sanguinis yang signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan konsentrasi 3,125 mg/ml memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan konsentrasi 9,375 mg/ml dan konsentrasi 12,5 mg/ml. Begitu juga dengan konsentrasi 6,25 mg/ml memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan konsentrasi 9,375 mg/ml dan konsentrasi 12,5 mg/ml. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kulit batang jambu mete dapat menghambat pembentukan biofilm S. sanguinis.
Aesthetic treatment on anterior teeth crown fracture caused by dental trauma Nanik Zubaidah
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1533.315 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p187-191

Abstract

Background: Complicated crown fracture is a tooth fracture that involve enamel, dentine and pulp. The incidence of complicated crown fracture ranges from 2% to 13% of all dental injuries and the most commonly involved teeth are the maxillary central incisors. Various treatment modalities are available depending on the clinical, physiological and radiographic examination of the involved teeth. Purpose: The aim of this case report is to present the management of crown fractures with pulpal exposure caused by traumatic injury, through endorestoration approach to reconstruct the shape and function of the teeth. Case: A 17 years old male with complicated crown fractures of anterior teeth #11 #21 and #22. The patient wish for aesthetic dental treatment in both of its form and function. Case management: Crown fractures of anterior teeth with exposed pulp caused by traumatic injury were reconstructed by endorestoration approach. The endodontic treatment with post and core insertion in the root canal which will increase its retention and porcelain fused to metal crown which will aesthetically recover its original form and function. After restoration the patient feel very glad and confident with the result. Conclusion: Endorestoration treatment on anterior teeth with complicated crown fractures and exposed pulp is able to recover the normal form, function and dental aesthetic in accordance with stomatognatic system and self confidence.Latar belakang: Fraktur mahkota kompleks (complicated) adalah fraktur pada mahkota gigi yang melibatkan enamel, dentin dan pulpa. Kejadian dari fraktur mahkota kompleks bervariasi antara 2-13% dari semua trauma gigi dan sebagian besar gigi yang terkena adalah gigi insisif pertama rahang atas. Berbagai macam cara perawatan yang dilakukan tergantung pada hasil pemeriksaan klinis, psikologis dan radiografis dari gigi yang terkena. Tujuan: Laporan kasus ini menjelaskan penatalaksanaan fraktur mahkota gigi dengan pulpa terbuka akibat trauma dengan perawatan endorestorasi untuk mengembalikan bentuk dan fungsi gigi. Kasus: Penderita pria umur 17 tahun dengan fraktur mahkota pada gigi anterior #11, #21 dan #22. Penderita tersebut menginginkan perawatan estetik untuk mengembalikan estetik baik bentuk maupun fungsi giginya. Tatalaksana kasus: Fraktur mahkota gigi anterior dengan pulpa terbuka akibat trauma gigi dikembalikan melalui pendekatan perawatan endorestorasi. Perawatan endodontik dengan pasak tuang dan inti yang dimasukkan ke dalam saluran akar akan meningkatkan retensi dan kemudian ditutup dengan mahkota porselen fused to metal dapat mengembalikan bentuk maupun fungsinya. Selesai perawatan, pasien merasa senang dengan hasil perawatan tersebut dan hal ini menunjukkan peningkatan kepercayaan diri pasien. Kesimpulan: Perawatan endorestorasi gigi anterior dengan fraktur mahkota kompleks gigi anterior dengan pulpa terbuka dapat mengembalikan bentuk, fungsi dan estetik yang normal sesuai dengan sistem stomatognatik dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri.
Antibacterial efficacy of Salvadora persica as a cleansing teeth towards Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli colonies Erlina Sih Mahanani; Mohd Fadhli Khamis; Erry Mochamad Arief; Siti Nabilah Mat Rippin; Zainul Ahmad Rajion
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (308.033 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p217-220

Abstract

Background: Salvadora persica is a traditional chewing stick for cleaning teeth that it is known Siwak. Several studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial effects of Salvadora persica. Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of Salvadora persica in several modified preparation against the salivary Streptoccocus mutans and Lactobacilli. Methods: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial study with crossover design was used. The study comprised of 5 groups, per group consisted of 14 healthy dental students who had good oral hygiene. Each participant was given 5 intervention to clean their teeth using, electric toothbrush modified with siwak, electric toothbrush with siwak toothpaste (colgate kayu sugi toothpaste), electric toothbrush with general toothpaste (colgate total toothpaste), original siwak chewing stick and normal saline. The wash out periode each intervention was 3 days. Patients’ saliva was used to quantify the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli using caries risk test (CRT) kit from Vivadent. Results: The results showed that there was a reduction in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli risk score after cleansing different intervention except electric toothbrush modified with siwak. However, there was no significant difference for Streptococcus mutans (p=0.158) and Lactobacilli (p=0.396) risk score reduction when comparison was done between the groups. Conclusion: The original siwak chewing stick has antimicrobial effects similar to toothbrushing with general toothpaste and salvadora persica toothpaste. However, electric toothbrush modified with siwak has no effect on microbial reduction.Latar belakang: Salvadora persica adalah pembersih gigi tradisional yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan Siwak. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Salvadora persica memiliki daya antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Salvadora persica dalam berbagai bentuk sediaan untuk membersihkan gigi terhadap bakteri Streptococus mutans dan Lactobacilli dalam saliva. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah single-blind, randomized clinical trial study dengan crossover. Lima kelompok perlakuan melakukan pembersihan gigi, tiap kelompok terdiri dari 14 mahasiswa kedokteran gigi, sehat dan memiliki kebersihan mulut yang baik. Tiap subyek diberi 5 macam perlakuan untuk membersihkan gigi menggunakan sikat gigi elektrik dimodifikasi dengan siwak, sikat gigi elektrik dengan pasta gigi mengandung ekstrak siwak (colgate kayu sugi), sikat gigi elektrik dengan pasta gigi umum (colgate total), siwak asli, dan salin. Saliva pasien digunakan untuk menganalisa pengurangan banyaknya bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Lactobacilli sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan Caries Risk Test (CRT) dari Vivadent. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan adanya penurunan skor Streptococcus mutans dan Lactobacilli setelah pembersihan gigi dibandingkan sebelumnya. Sementara itu tidak ada perbedaan signifikan terhadap penurunan skor Streptococcus mutans (p=0.158) dan Lactobacilli (p=0.396) ketika dibandingkan antar kelompok. Kesimpulan: Mengunyah kayu siwak mempunyai efek antimikrobial yang hampir sama dengan menyikat gigi menggunakan kombinasi pasta gigi biasa dan pasta gigi yang mengandung siwak, akan tetapi meyikat gigi dengan sikat elektronik yang dimodifikasi dengan siwak dapat menurunkan jumlah bakteri.
Molecular detection of interleukin-1A +4845 G&#8594;T gene in aggresive periodontitis patients Chiquita Prahasanti; Harianto Notopuro
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (560.437 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p192-196

Abstract

Background: Abundant researches had been conducted based on the clinical and histopathological pathogenesis of aggresive periodontitis. Nevertheless, there were still few researches which based on molecular biology, and especially related to gene polymorphism. This study was done based on IL-1A +4845G→T gene polymorphism in aggressive periodontitis patients. Purpose: The purpose of this tudy was to characterized the generic variation of IL-1A +4845G→T as a risk factor aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. Methods: DNA from patients with aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis was taken determination of IL-1A +4845 G→T polimorphism was conducted with PCR-RFLP technique. Results: Homozygous allele TT polymorphism was not found in all samples, only allele GG (wild type) and allele GT (heterozygous mutant) were not affect aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. Conclusion: The study showed there was no significant association between IL-1A +4845G→T gene polymorphism and aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. Latar belakang: Penelitian tentang patogenesa periodontitis agresif berdasar klinis dan histopatologi telah banyak dilakukan, akan tetapi penelitian berdasar biologimolekuler terutama polimorfisme gen masih sangat jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pada polimorfisme gen IL-1A +4845G→T pada penderita periodontitis agresif. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi genetik dari IL-1A +4845G→T yang merupakan faktor risiko periodontitis agresif dan periodontitis kronis. Metode: DNA dari penderita periodontitis agresif dan periodontitis kronis diisolasi, selanjutnya dilakukan determinasi dari polimorfisme gen IL-1A +4845G→T dengan menggunakan teknik PCR-RFLP. Hasil: Pada seluruh sampel penelitian ini tidak dijumpai polimorfisme allel TT (homosigot mutan), yang didapat adalah jenis allel GG (wild type) dan allel GT (heterosigot mutan) yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap periodontitis agresif dan periodontitis kronis. Kesimpulan: Polimorfisme gen IL-1A +4845G→T tidak mempunyai hubungan terhadap kejadian periodontitis agresif dan periodontitis kronis.
Pomegranate juice (Punica granatum) as an ideal mouthrinse for fixed orthodontic patients Haryono Utomo; Kimberly Clarissa Oetomo
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (424.445 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p221-227

Abstract

Background: Prevention of caries as well as periodontal disease is mandatory during orthodontic treatment. Nevertheless, the use of antiseptic mouthrinse is contraindicated for prolonged use. Pomegranate juice is a polyphenol-rich juice with high antioxidant capacity as well as antimicrobial properties. It has been shown to exert beneficial characteristics for orthodontic patients such as antioxidant and anti inflammatory effects. Moreover, it contained fluoride and phosphorous which are cariostatic. Previous study in fixed orthodontic patients revealed that rinsing with this juice showed reduced dental plaque and superior compared with chlorhexidine. If it has unwanted effect by reducing pro-inflammatory reaction that also needed in orthodontic movement is not clearly understood. Purpose: The aim of the present review was to discuss the beneficial and unwanted effect of pomegranate juice mouthrinse towards orthodontic treatment. Reviews: Pomegranate has antimicrobial activity, its methanolic skin extract is the most potent followed by seed juice. Nevertheless, seed juice is not only tastier, easier to make but also has mild antimicrobial potency which is beneficial for long-term use. Healthy periodontal tissue is preferable for orthodontic movement since it resulted in less unwanted bone resorption. Conclusion: Regarding its beneficial effect and safety of pomegranate juice if use daily mouthrinse in fixed orthodontic patients, it could be proposed as an ideal long term use mouthrinse for fixed orthodontic patients. However, further researches should be done to verify this concept.Latar belakang: Pencegahan karies dan penyakit periodontal sangat penting dalam perawatan ortodontik. Walaupun demikian, penggunaan obat kumur antiseptik jangka panjang merupakan kontraindikasi. Jus buah delima sangat kaya akan polifenol dengan kemampuan antioksidan yang tinggi disertai kemampuan antimikroba. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan dampak menguntungkan pada pasien ortodonti, yaitu sebagai antioksidan dan anti radang. Selain itu juga mengandung fluor dan fosfor yang bersifat kariostatik. Penelitian terdahulu pada pasien ortodonti cekat menunjukkan penurunan plak gigi yang lebih banyak dibanding dengan klorheksidin. Akan tetapi, apakah juga menyebabkan dampak merugikan yaitu mengurangi reaksi keradangan yang juga penting bagi pergerakan ortodonti masih belum jelas. Tujuan: Membahas dampak menguntungkan maupun merugikan jus buah delima pada perawatan ortodonti. Tinjauan pustaka: Buah delima merupakan antimikroba, ekstrak dari kulit yang mengandung metanol adalah paling kuat diikuti jus biji delima. Akan tetapi, jus biji lebih enak rasanya, mudah dibuat dan merupakan antimikroba ringan sehingga menguntungkan untuk pemakaian jangka panjang. Jaringan periodontal yang sehat diperlukan untuk pergerakan ortodonti karena dapat mengurangi resorpsi tulang. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan dampak menguntungkan dan keamanan jus buah delima bila digunakan tiap hari, bahan ini dapat diusulkan sebagai obat kumur jangka panjang yang ideal untuk pasien ortodonti cekat. Walaupun begitu, penelitian lebih lanjut harus dilakukan untuk verifikasi konsep ini.
Antitumor activity of intratumoral injection of pcDNA3.1-p27Kip1mt followed by in vivo electroporation in a malignant Burkitt’s lymphoma cell xenograft Supriatno Supriatno; Sartari Entin Yuletnawati
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (495.842 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p197-201

Abstract

Background: Human malignant Burkitt’s lymphomas are an uncommon type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma commonly affects in children. It is a highly aggressive type of B-cell lymphoma. Treatment for this malignant are still limited. However, a new strategy for refractory cancer, gene therapy is watched with keen interest. Recently, a novel method for high-efficiency and region-controlled in vivo gene transfer was developed by combining in vivo electroporation and plasmid cDNA. In the present study, a non-viral gene transfer system, in vivo electroporation in human malignant Burkitt’s lymphoma (Raji) cell xenograft was investigated. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate p27Kip1 gene therapy in Raji cell xenografts using pcDNA3.1-p27Kip1 mutant type (mt) and pcDNA3.1 empty vector (neo) with the local application of electric pulses. Methods: True experimental study using post-intervention with control group design was performed in this study. Material sample was obtained from integrated research laboratory at faculty of dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. The efficiency of transfection of exogenous p27Kip1 gene by electroporation was confirmed by Western bloting analysis. To evaluate the reduction of malignant Burkitt’s lymphoma cell xenografts by this method, the volume of Raji cell xenografts in mice after electroporation with p27Kip1 mt or neo gene was measured. Results: Up-regulation of p27Kip1 protein was detected in pcDNA3.1-p27Kip1 mt. Furthermore, the growth of tumors was markedly suppressed by p27Kip1 mt gene transfection compared with transfection of neo. Conclusion: Injection of pcDNA3.1-p27Kip1 mt gene followed by in vivo electroporation has a high-potentially to suppress the growth of malignant Burkitt’s lymphoma cells. Furthermore, combination system of pcDNA3.1-p27Kip1 mt-injected tumor and electroporation might be used for human oral cancer. Latar belakang: Limfoma Burkitt’s maligna banyak terjadi pada anak-anak dan merupakan jenis yang langka dari limfoma NonHodgkin (NHL). Limfoma Burkitt’s maligna adalah tipe yang sangat agresif dari limfoma sel B. Perawatan penyakit ini masih sangatterbatas, walaupun demikian strategi baru perawatan kanker menggunakan terapi gen menjadi pusat perhatian. Suatu metode baru transfer gen untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kontrol area telah dikembangkan dengan mengkombinasi elektroporasi in vivo dan plasmid cDNA. Pada penelitian ini, telah diteliti sistim transfer gen non-virus dengan elektroporasi in vivo terhadap xenograft sel limfoma Burkitt’s maligna (sel Raji). Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi terapi gen p27Kip1 terhadap xenograft sel Raji menggunakan pcDNA3.1-p27Kip1 mutant type (mt) dan pcDNA3.1 empty vector (neo) dengan aplikasi lokal elektroporasi. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen murni memakai rancangan pasca intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol. Sampel dan bahan penelitian didapat dari laboratorium riset terpadu, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Efisiensi transfeksi gen p27Kip1eksogen dengan elektroporasi dilakukan dengan analisis Western bloting. Untuk mengevaluasi hambatan xenograft sel limfoma Burkitt’s maligna dengan metode elektroporasi, dilakukan pengukuran volume xenograft sel Raji pada tikus pasca elektroporasi dan injeksi gen p27Kip1 mt atau neo. Hasil: Peningkatan regulasi protein p27Kip1 terdeteksi pada gen pcDNA3.1-p27Kip1 mt. Selanjutnya, pertumbuhan tumor secara signifikan terhambat oleh transfeksi gen p27Kip1 mt dibandingkan dengan transfeksi neo. Kesimpulan: Injeksi gen pcDNA3.1-p27Kip1 mt disertai elektroporasi in vivo mempunyai potensi yang kuat menghambat pertumbuhan "> sel limfoma Burkitt’s maligna. Kombinasi sistim injeksi tumor menggunakan gen pcDNA3.1-p27Kip1 mt dan elektroporasi kemungkinan dapat digunakan untuk terapi kanker oral.
The increasing of fibroblast growth factor 2, osteocalcin, and osteoblast due to the induction of the combination of Aloe vera and 2% xenograft concelous bovine Utari Kresnoadi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1385.511 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p228-233

Abstract

Background: To make a successfull denture prominent ridge is needed, preservation on tooth extraction socket is needed in order to prevent alveol bone resorption caused by revocation trauma. An innovative modification of the material empirically suspected to be able reduce inflammation caused by the revocation trauma is a combination of Aloe vera and xenograft concelous bovine (XCB) and Aloe vera is a biogenic stimulator and accelerating the growth of alveolar ridge bone after tooth extraction. Purpose: The research was aimed to determine of the increasing alveol bone formation by inducing the combination of Aloe vera and 2% xenograft concelous bovine. Methods: To address the problems, the combination of Aloe vera and xenograft concelous bovine was induced into the tooth extraction sockets of Cavia cabayas which devided on 8 groups. Groups control, filled with XCB, Aloe vera and Aloe vera and XCB combination, at 7 days and 30 days after extraction. Afterwards, immunohistochemical examination was conducted to examine the expressions of FGF-2 and osteocalcin, as the product of the growth of osteoblasts. Results: There were significantly increases expression of FGF-2 and osteocalcyn on group which filled with XCB, Aloe vera and combined Aloe vera and XCB. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the induction of the combination of Aloe vera and xenograft concelous bovine into the tooth sockets can enhance the growth expressions of FGF-2 and osteocalcin as the product of osteoblasts, thus, the growth of alveolar bone was increased.Latar belakang: Untuk keberhasilan pembuatan gigitiruan diperlukan ridge yang prominent, maka diperlukan suatu preservasi soket pencabutan gigi untuk mencegah terjadinya resopsi tulang alveolar akibat trauma pencabutan. Suatu inovasi modifikasi bahan yang diduga secara empiris dapat mengurangi keradangan karena trauma pencabutan adalah berupa kombinasi Aloe vera dan xenograft concelous bovine (XCB). Aloe vera yang merupakan biogenik stimulator untuk merangsang dan mempercepat pertumbuhan tulang alveolar setelah pencabutan gigi. Tujuan: untuk membuktikan bahwa induksi kombinasi Aloe vera dan xenograft concelous bovine 2% pada soket pencabutan gigi, dapat meningkatkan pembentukan tulang alveolar. Metode: Pengisian kombinasi Aloe vera dan XCB pada soket pencabutan gigi Cavia cabaya yang dibagi dalam 8 kelompok. Kelompok: kontrol, Aloe vera, XCB, kombinasi Aloe vera dan XCB, masing-masing dalam pemeriksaan 7 dan 30 hari. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia ekspresi FGF-2 dan osteocalcyn sebagai produk pertumbuhan sel osteoblas. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan ekspresi FGF-2 dan osteocalcyn pada kelompok yang diisi XCB, Aloe vera dan kombinasi Aloe vera + XCB dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Induksi kombinasi Aloe vera dan xenograft concelous bovine 2% pada soket pencabutan gigi dapat, meningkatkan ekspresi FGF-2 dan osteocalcyn, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tulang alveol.
The effect of nickel as a nickel chromium restoration corrosion product on gingival fibroblast through analysis of BCl-2 FX Ady Soesetijo; Mandojo Rukmo
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (846.239 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p202-207

Abstract

Background: Restoration of NiCr may undergo corrosion process in artificial saliva. Corrosion product is soluble Ni substances in salivary electrolytes. Ni2+ may freely enter the cells through passive transport DMT-1. Ni2+ in the cell causes initiation of the ROS formation,which subsequently can conduct the redoxs reactions leading to DNA damage. The damage DNA affects the genetic expression, especially bcl-2, and even triggers apoptosis. Purpose: The aim of this study was to reveal the mechanism of Ni toxicity as a corrosion product of NiCr restoration on gingival fibroblasts through expression analysis of Bcl-2. Methods: Cells with a density of 105 planted on each coverslip in 72 wells to the treatment group and 24 wells to the control group (24 hours incubation). In the treatment groups, each well exposed with 20 μL artificial saliva containing Ni concentration results immerse each restoration, whereas the control group was exposed to 20 μL artificial saliva (incubation 1, 3, and 7 days). The data collected were subsequently analyzed using two-ways ANOVA, followed by one-way ANOVA. Comparing between experimental groups after one-way ANOVA was conducted using Fisher’s LSD. Whereas, the calculation and documentation of Bcl-2 expression was performed camera of Olympus Microscope BX-50 Japan. Results: Statistical analysis of two-ways ANOVA showed the presence of interaction between the increasing Ni concentration and exposure duration on the expression of Bcl-2 gingival fibroblasts (p=0.021<a=0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the higher concentration of Ni exposed to gingival fibroblasts, and the longer incubation time will decreased Bcl-2 expression.Latar belakang: Restorasi NiCr dapat mengalami proses korosi di dalam saliva artificial. Produk korosi yang dihasilkan adalah substansi Ni yang terlarut di dalam elektrolit saliva. Ni2+ bebas dapat memasuki sel (fibroblas gingiva) melalui transport pasif DMT-1. Ni2+ di dalam sel menginisiasi pembentukan ROS, yang selanjutnya dapat menjalankan reaksi redoks dan dapat menimbulkan kerusakan DNA. DNA yang rusak mempengaruhi ekspresi genetik, terutama Bcl-2 dan bahkan dapat memicu apoptosis. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap mekanisme toksisitas Ni sebagai suatu produk korosi restorasi NiCr pada fibroblas gingiva melalui analisis ekspresi Bcl-2. Metode: Sel dengan kepadatan 105 ditanam pada tiap-tiap coverslip di dalam 72 well untuk kelompok perlakuan dan ditanam pada tiap-tiap coverslip di dalam 24 well untuk kelompok kontrol (inkubasi selama 24 jam). Pada kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing well dipapar dengan 20 μL saliva artificial yang mengandung konsentrasi Ni hasil perendaman tiap-tiap restorasi, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol dipapar 20 μL saliva artificial (inkubasi 1,3 dan 7 hari). Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dua arah dan ANOVA satu arah. Perbandingan antar kelompok eksperimental setelah analisis ANOVA satu arah menggunakan uji Fisher’s LSD. Penghitungan jumlah sel yang mengekspresikan Bcl-2, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan dokumentasi dengan menggunakan kamera Olympus Microscope BX-50 Japan. Hasil: Analisis statistik ANOVA dua arah menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara peningkatan konsentrasi Ni dan lama paparan terhadap ekspresi Bcl-2 fibroblas gingiva > (p = 0,021 < á = 0,05). Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi paparan Ni pada fibroblas gingiva dan semakin lama masa inkubasi, maka akan menurunkan ekspresi Bcl-2.
The pH changes of artificial saliva after interaction with oral of artificial saliva after interaction with oral micropathogen Basri A. Gani; Cut Soraya; Sunnati Sunnati; Abdillah Imron Nasution; Nurfal Zikri; Rina Rahadianur
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (415.235 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p234-238

Abstract

Backgorund: Saliva contains several protein elements, exocrine proteins and antibodies, such as lactoferrin, sIgA, peroxidase, albumin, polypeptides, and oligopeptides that contribute to the defense of oral mucosa and dental pellicle to prevent infection caused by oral micropathogen, such as Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans). Those micropathogens have a role to change salivary pH as an indicator of oral disease activities. Purpose: This study was aimed to analyze the changes of artificial saliva pH after interaction with S. mutans, C. albicans, and A. Actinomycetemcpmitans. Methods: The materials used in this study consist of S. mutans (ATCC 31987), C. albicans (ATCC 10231), A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATTC 702 358), and artificial saliva. To examine the pH changes of artificial saliva, those three microbiotas were cultured and incubated for 24 hours. Results: The results showed that the interactions of S. mutans, C. albicans, and A. actinomycetemcomitans in the artificial saliva can change the salivary on neutral. There were no significant difference with the control treatment salivary pH 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9 (p>0.05). Similarly, there was also no significant difference when those three microorganism interacted each other in the artificial saliva (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the biological activity of S. mutans, C. albicans, and A. actinomycetemcomitans in artificial saliva can change the salivary pH into neutral. It indicates that those microbiotas mutually supported and cooperated in influencing the biological cycle of the oral cavity with salivary pH as an indicator.Latar belakang: Saliva merupakan cairan eksokrin yang mengandung unsur protein dan antibodi seperti sIgA laktoferin peroksidase, albumin, polipeptida dan oligopeptida yang berperan pada pertahanan mukosa rongga mulut dan gigi guna mencegah infeksi oral mikropatogen seperti C. albicans, S. mutans, dan A. actinomycetemcpmitans. Patogenesis ketiga oral mikropatogen tersebut diawali dengan mempengaruhi perubahan pH saliva sebagai langkah invasi dan infeksi pada mukosa oral dan pelikel gigi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui perubahan pH saliva buatan setelah diinteraksikan dengan S. mutans, C. albicans, dan A. Actinomycetemcpmitans. Metode: Materi penelitian ini berupa Streptococcus mutans strain ATCC 31987, Candida albicans strain ATCC 10231, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strain ATTC 702358, dan saliva buatan. Untuk mengetahui perubahan pH saliva, maka ketiga mikrobiota tersebut dikultur dan untuk menguji perubahan pH saliva dilakukan uji interaksi ketiga mikroorganisme tersebut dalam saliva buatan selama 24 jam dengan pengaturan pH saliva sebagai indikator hasil penelitian. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi S. mutans, C. albicans, dan A. actinomycetemcomitans dalam saliva buatan mampu mereduksi perubahan pH saliva mengarah ke pH netral dengan kontrol perlakuan pH saliva 4, 5, 6, 8, dan pH 9 secara statistik tidak tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05), begitu juga ketika dilakukan interakasi diantara masing-masing mikroorganisme tersebut dalam saliva buatan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas biologi S. mutans, C. albicans, dan A. actinomycetemcomitans dalam saliva buatan mampu merubah pH Saliva sekaligus mempertahankan pH netral. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa mikrobiota tersebut saling mendukung dan bekerjasama dalam mempengaruhi siklus biologi rongga mulut dengan pH saliva sebagai indikator.
Inhibition of dental plaque formation by toothpaste containing propolis Nurin Aisyiyah Listyasari; Oedijani Santoso
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (234.406 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v45.i4.p208-211

Abstract

Background: Plaque is the main cause of caries and periodontal disease. Caries and periodontal disease can be prevented by inhibiting dental plaque formation. To inhibit the formation of plaque, teeth must be brushed with toothpaste. According to previous studies, propolis contains apigenin and tt-farnesol classified as flavonoid that can inhibit the formation of dental plaque by inhibiting glucosyltransferase enzym and membrane integrity of Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of toothpaste containing propolis on the formation of dental plaque. Methods: Post test with only control group design was used. The subjects of this study were 30 boarding school students of Hidayatullah, Yayasan Al-Burhan, Gedawang, Semarang, divided into two groups, randomized control group and treatment group. Control group was not treated with toothpaste contanining propolis. Meanwhile, treatment group was treated with toothpaste containing propolis. Plaque then was measured by using plaque index of Sillness and Loe method after using toothpaste containing propolis for four hours. Afterwards, the data was analyzed by a computer program, Mann-Whitney test, with its significance p < 0.05. Results: The result of Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference, 0.002 (p < 0.05), between the control group and the treatment group. The median of the control group was about 3.41, while that of the treatment group was about 0.58. Conclusion: The use of toothpaste contaning propolis can prevent dental plaque formation.Latar belakang: Plak merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya karies dan penyakit periodontal. Karies dan penyakit periodontal dapat dicegah dengan menghambat pembentukan plak gigi. Untuk mencegah terbentuknya plak, gigi harus digosok menggunakan pasta gigi. Penelitian terdahulu menyebutkan bahwa propolis mengandung flavonoid apigenin dan tt-farnesol yang mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim glukosiltransferase dan menghambat pembentukan membran bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang berperan pada pembentukan plak gigi. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pasta gigi dengan kandungan propolis terhadap pembentukan plak gigi. Metode: Menggunakan rancangan post test only control group design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah santri Pondok Pesantren Hidayatullah Yayasan Al-Burhan, Gedawang, Semarang, sebanyak 30 santri dibagi dalam dua kelompok secara acak yaitu kelompok kontrol diberikan pasta gigi tanpa kandungan propolis dan kelompok perlakuan diberikan pasta gigi dengan kandungan propolis. Plak diukur dengan menggunakan indeks plak menurut Sillness and Loe sesudah menggunakan pasta gigi dalam jangka waktu kurang lebih empat jam. Data diolah menggunakan program komputer dengan analisis statistik non parametrik Mann-Whitney dan taraf signifikansi diterima bila p < 0,05. Hasil: Analisis statistik non parametrik Mann-Whitney menghasilkan perbedaan rerata bermakna (p < 0,05) antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan sebesar 0,002. Nilai tengah skor plak pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 3,41 dan pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar 0,58. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan pasta gigi dengan kandungan propolis dapat menghambat pembentukan plak gigi.

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