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INDONESIA
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 20854773     EISSN : 23022906     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science (IJBS), Print-ISSN 2085-4773; E-ISSN 2302-2906 is an international and peer-reviewed journal published twice per year in print and online by Indonesian of Biomedical Association in collaboration to Postgraduate School of Biomedicine Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia which was founded in 2007. The Journal aims to bridge and integrate the intellectual, methodological, and substantive diversity of biomedical scholarship, and to encourage a vigorous dialogue between biomedical scholars and researches. The Journal welcomes contributions which promote the exchange of ideas and rational discourse between practicing educators and biomedical researchers all over the world.
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Articles 7 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009" : 7 Documents clear
HIGH SERUM CONCENTRATION OF INTERLEUKINE-6 AND RANK-LIGAND AS RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS IN ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN Siki Kawiyana, Ketut; Surya, Gusti Putu; Bakta, Made; Roeshadi, Djoko
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Osteoporosis in post-menopausal women is not merely due to deficient estrogenhormone production. The development of osteoporosis is due to increased boneresorption by osteoclasts. The osteoclast’s number and activity is controlled by activatingfactors such as IL-6 and RANK-L. The objective of this study was to determine that highIL-6 and RANK-L serum concentrations are risks for osteoporosis in estrogen deficientpost-menopausal women. The serum concentration of ß-CrossLaps (CTx) was measuredto determine bone resorption rate. This is an observational analytical study using case andcontrol design conducted at Sanglah General Hospital of Denpasar. The sample size wascalculated using the paired case-control study formula. There were 41 osteoporotic and41 non-osteoporotic (control) estrogen deficient post-menopausal women involved in thestudy.Data were analyzed by using the t-paired and McNemar tests. Mean serumconcentration of IL-6 among the osteoporotic women was significantly higher ascompared to that of the controls (3.47±1.75 pg/ml vs 2.51±1.13 pg/ml, p = 0.001). Meanserum concentration of RANK-L among the osteoporotic women was also significantlyhigher as compared to that of the controls (320.66±122.44ng/ml vs 249.94±82.41 ng/ml,p = 0.002). To qualify as risk factors for osteoporosis, the cut-off point for IL-6 was 2.17pg/ml (OR = 4, CI 95%: 1.23-14.24; p = 0.032); the cut-off point for RANK-L was275.165 ng/ml (OR = 8, CI 95%: 1.84-34.79; p = 0.001). Analysis of both high serumconcentration of IL-6 and RANK-L was associated with an odd ratio of 9 (CI 95%: 4,27-18,96, p=0,000). CTx concentration in the osteoporotic women was significantly higherthan in the controls (0.60±0.22ng/ml vs 0.46±0.16ng/ml, p = 0.004).We found that the high IL-6 and RANK-L serum concentrations were risk factorsin estrogen deficient post-menopausal women. CTx being a marker for osteoclastic boneresorption activity, increased in concentration higher in osteoporotic than in nonosteoporoticwomen. The high serum concentrations of IL-6 and RANK-L could be usedas predictors for osteoporosis in estrogen deficient post-menopausal women.
INTERVAL RUNNING EXERCISE REDUCES RUNNING TIME OF 800 METERS DASH WITHOUT CAUSING INCREASED LEVEL OF SGOT – SGPT IN MALE STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF SPORTS SCIENCES, MANADO STATE UNIVERSITY Galatang, Alprodit; Alex Pangkahila, Jahja; Ngurah Nala, I Gusti; Tirtayasa, Ketut
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

The effort to gain best achievement in sports by means of exercise has twodilemmatic sides, both for the coaches and sport promoters. On one side, exercise shouldbe done intensely and maximally, but on the other side, it is a known fact that excessiveand maximal exercises can damage the body organs. The purposes of this study were toobserve the side effects of interval running exercise of 800 meters, to find out level offatigue by examining lactate acid produced by each model, and to assess the negativeeffects on organs as indicated by the level of SGOT-SGPT. The exercise model appliedin the study comprised interval running of 2 x 800 meters, 4 x 400 meters, 8 x 200meters, 16 x 100 meters and one standard of comparison exercise, which was runningexercise of 2 x 800 meters with passive rest. This study was true experimental usingrandomized pre-test-post-test control group design. Samples of this study were 27 malestudents of the Faculty of Sports Sciences, Manado State University, who were dividedinto five groups. Group 1 was with interval running exercise of 2 x 800 meters. Group 2was assigned to interval running exercise of 4 x 400 meters. Group 3 was with intervalrunning exercise of 8 x 200 meters. Group 4 was with interval running exercise of 16 x100 meters. Group 5 as comparison standard was with running exercise of 2 x 800 meterspassive rest. All the exercise models were carried out for six weeks, each with afrequency of three times a week. Results of the study showed that the five groupsdemonstrated reduction of running time of 800 meters dash (p<0.05), lactate acidproduction differed in some of the groups (p>0.05), levels of SGOT and SGPT of allgroups did not show significant increase (p>0.05). From the above findings, it can beconcluded that all exercise models of interval running 2 x 800 meters, 4 x 400 meters, 8 x200 meters, 16 x 100 meters and 2 x 800 meters with passive rest lowered the runningtime of 800 meters dash and did not increase level of SGOT-SGPT.
IMPROVEMENT OF WORK QUALITY BY APPLYING ERGONOMIC APPROACH INCREASES PERFORMANCE OF TRADITIONAL PORTERS IN BADUNG MARKET DENPASAR Hutagalung, Robert; Manuaba, A; Nala, I Gusti Ngurah; Sutjana, I Dewa Putu
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Female traditional porters work every evening at Badung market from 7 pm to3.30 am. Age interval of the porters is 18 – 40 years. The weight of goods carried by asingle porter is 60 – 100 kilograms plus 1-2 kilograms of the basket’s weight, carriedon the head. The distance of each porting activity is 100 meters. From ergonomicconcept, the burden is excessive and may cause injuries such as damage ofintervertebral discs, pain, excessive fatigue and head and neck muscles disorder. Thesymptoms are more obviously seen in those over 40 years old for most of them are notvery capable of working, even some of them need medical treatment. To overcome thisnon-ergonomic work condition, a work quality improvement was carried out to 11sampled porters, including work position, method, carrying weight and equipmentdesign in order to improve the unnatural work position and to give chance to them tohave an active rest as well as to alter the static work system to be more dynamic.Results of this study were: (1) average of pressure force on L5/S1 before improvementwas 7,967.65 ± 66.78 N and after improvement was 2,983.26 ± 16.63 N; (2) average ofmusculoskeletal complaints before improvement was 61.07 ± 0.72 and afterimprovement was 42.76 ± 1.21; (3) fatigue average before improvement was 77.44 ±3.93 and after improvement was 50.36 ± 2.21; (4) pulse rate average beforeimprovement was 150.61 ± 1.06 pulses/minute and after improvement was 119.51 ±1.39 pulses/minute; and (5) average productivity before improvement was 1.78 x 10-2 ±0.01 x 10-2 and after improvement was 2.24 x 10-2 ± 0.03 x 10-2. The results analysisshowed that improvement of work quality by applying ergonomic approach coulddecrease the pressure force on L5/S1 of 60.94 % (p<0.05), musculoskeletal complaintsof 29.99 % (p<0.05), level of fatigue by 34.97 % (p<0.05) and work load by 42.59 %(p<0.05), as well as could increase the work productivity to 26.04 % (p<0.05).Therefore, it is conclused that the improvement of work quality by applying ergonomicapproach increases performance of traditional porters.
LIPID PEROXIDATION AFTER INTRACORTICAL INJECTION OF FERRIC CHLORIDE INCREASES THE INCIDENCE OF SEIZURES IN YOUNG RATS Golden, Nyoman; Agus Bagiada, Nyoman; Darmadipura, Sajid
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Clinical studies have shown that the incidence of early posttraumatic seizures ishigher in children than in adults and it has been proposed that iron-induced lipidperoxidation has an important role in the development of epileptogenic foci. In this study,we examined some of the hypothesized reasons for the difference in the incidence ofearly posttraumatic seizures between young and adult rats. Twelve young and twelveadult rats were randomized into 4 groups. Group 1 and 2 were control groups, eachcomprising of 6 young rats and 6 adult rats respectively and were given intracorticalinjections of normal saline. Group 3 and 4 were injury groups, again comprising 6 youngrats and 6 adult rats respectively and were given intracortical injections of FeCl3. All ratswere observed for 6 hours post injection for the occurrence of seizures and were thenkilled. The injected hemispheres were extirpated and tested for malondialdehyde (MDA)level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as indices of oxidative damage. Resultsshowed that seizures were observed only in Group 3. Increased MDA level and decreasedSOD activity were observed in Group 3 (ANOVA, p<0.001). Increased MDA levels anddecreased SOD activity were significantly higher in rats with seizures (Group 3) than inthose without seizures (independent t-test, p<0.001). We conclude was that differentlevels of lipid peroxidation induced by intracortical ferric chloride injection may accountfor the different seizure incidence between young and adult rats
CHARACTERISTICS OF PILI HEMAGLUTININ PROTEIN AND ITS ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION WITH UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI Sudhana, I Wayan; Suwitra, Ketut; -, Sumarno
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseasesencountered in the community. The bacteria most frequently implicated as the causes ofUTI are the Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherechia coli. Early phase of thepathogenesis of the infection constitutes adhesion of bacteria onto the epithelial cells ofurinary tract. SDS-PAGE examination was carried out to investigate molecule ofhemagglutinin protein and hemagglutination (HA) test continued by adhesion andinhibited adhesion tests.The observation of molecular weight of pili E. coli protein molecule byexplorative examination using SDS-PAGE showed on E. coli strip that the mostprominent molecular weights (MW) of the proteins were 61 kDa, 37 kDa, 30 kDa, and 20kDa. Purification by electro-elusion was done to proteins of the MW of 20 kDa, 37 kDaand 61 kDa. The HA test results indicated the 61 kDa, 37 kDa, and 20 kDa werehemagglutinin proteins and one which subsequently applied as sub unit proteins ofUropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) was the 37 kDa. Adhesion test of UPEC bacteria carriedout on urinary bladder epithelial cells of rabbit showed a significant correlation betweenadhesion index and various doses of subunit proteins of UPEC 37 kDa as coat of urinarybladder epithelial cells. Spearman rank correlation test and regression/non regressionanalysis confirmed an exponential decrease of UPEC adhesion to urinary tract epithelialcells as a response to the increasing doses of coating protein. This finding points out thatpili hemagglutinin protein subunit of UPEC 37 kDa was an adhesive molecule. Pilihemagglutinin protein subunit of UPEC 37 kDa is an adhesive molecule, which plays arole in adherence of UPEC to epithelial cells of urinary bladder at the early pathogenesisof urinary tract infection.
RISKS FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE IN THE ELDERLY WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS : Their Correlation with High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein and Ankle-Brachial Index Ayu Tuty Kuswardhani, Raden; Wita, Wayan; Bakta, Made; Santosa, Anwar
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

The Indonesian elderly population has been projected to increase up to about four-fold inthree decades (1990-2020). As a consequence of this population trend, the increased prevalence ofdegenerative diseases would be inevitable; this would include the prevalence of peripheral arterialdisease.This study aims to identify the correlation of diverse risk factors, either traditional or nontraditional,with the ankle-brachial index scores, and the correlation of novel non-traditional riskfactor, e.i. high sensitive C-reactive protein with the prevalence of perioheral arterial disease in theelderly, age 60-80 years old, with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Among the 146 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and based on measurement ofthe ABI score, approximately 30.9% of them had PAD. Some traditional and non-traditional riskfactors having a significant correlation with the ankle-brachial index score, were age (r = -0.396, p <0.001 for right ABI; r = -0.509, p < 0.001 for left ABI), supine systolic blood pressure (r= -0.268, p =0.012 for right ABI; r = -0.267, p = 0.013 for left ABI), 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose (r= -0.252, p = 0.018 for right ABI), and hsCRP (r = -0.280, p = 0.011 for right ABI; r = -0.402, p <0.001 for left ABI); whereas other risk factors like obesity based on waist circumference and BMI,non-supine systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, duration of diabetes, plasma lipidsdid not show statistically significant different odd ratios. After linear regression test for risk factorshaving significant correlations with ABI, age and hsCRP were found to influence the ABI scores.Based on a case-control study, risk factors which, to some extent, had statistically significant valuesas risk factors, include older age (? 70 years old; OR = 7.737 [CI = 2.515-23.805]; p < 0.001),relatively high supine diastolic blood pressure (? 90 mmHg; OR = 6.882 [CI = 0.789-60.060]; p =0.048), and high concentration of hsCRP (> 3 mg/L; OR = 4.420 [CI = 1.287-15.181]; p = 0.013).Among these statistically significant risk factors, after logistic regression test analysis, only the age ofthe patient appeared to have significant influence on the prevalence of PAD.In conclusion, this study demonstrates a negative correlation between hsCRP and ABI score;and high levels of hsCRP appeared to be a risk factor for PAD. The age of the patient, however,appeared to be the strongest risk factor for PAD.
ERGONOMIC REDESIGN OF WORKING TOOLS INCREASES PERFORMANCE OF TRADITIONAL COCONUT OIL MAKERS IN THE DISTRICT OF DAWAN, KLUNGKUNG Arimbawa, I Made Gede; Adnyana Manuaba, Ida Bagus; Nala, I Gusti Ngurah; Adiputra, Nyoman
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 3, No. 2 Juli 2009
Publisher : Udayana University

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Abstract

The business of producing coconut oil in the district of Dawan, Klungkung is oneexample of small-scale home industries in the rural area. The level of working productivityof the oil makers can be categorized as relatively low, as viewed from the aspect of thefollowing indicators: (a) level of working burden, (b) musculoskeletal complaints, (c) levelof fatigue or tiredness, and (d) level of productivity. One factor that causes the lowproductivity is the fact that the working tools used in this industry are non-ergonomicallydesigned such as: (1) tool for peeling off the coconut fibers, (2) tool for taking the coconutflesh, (3) tool for grating the coconut flesh, (4) tool for extracting milk from the watermixedgrated coconut, (5) stove for boiling the coconut milk. Based on the above problemsbackground, it is necessary to make more ergonomic new design or redesign of the toolsthat are used by the coconut oil makers in the district of Dawan in order to increase theirworking performance or productivity.This research was carried out using treatment by subject design by comparing beforeand after treatment involving 22 female subjects selected by simple random method fromall female coconut oil makers in the studied area. Before treatment the research subjectswere asked to make coconut oil as usual with their traditional tools. After an interval ofwashing out period was given, the subjects entered the treatment phase in which they wereasked to make coconut oil by using the tools already redesigned ergonomically. The dataobtained from the research were analyzed by t-paired test at a significance level of 5%.Results of the analysis showed as follows: (1) average of working heart rate beforetreatment was 108.49 ± 0.95 pulse /minute and after treatment 91.92 ± 1.91 pulse /minute,indicating a decrease of workload from moderate to mild one (decrease of working heartrate of 16.59 pulse/minute or 14.69%); (2) average of musculoskeletal complaints beforetreatment was 51.73 ± 1.36 and after treatment 36.79 ± 0.83 (a decrease of 14.94 or26.17%); (3) average of fatigue before treatment was 66.75 ± 3.60 and after treatment49.50 ± 3.28 (a decrease of 17.19 or 25.83%); (4) average of working productivity beforeand after treatment was 35.86 ± 1.09 and 48.66 ± 1.10, respectively (an increase of 12.81 or35.71%). Based on evaluation of investment yield, the NVP value in a five-year period Rp.11.503.431,- > 0, PBP 9.22 months > 0, and RoI 32.54 > 13% (rate of interest commonlyapplied in 2008).It is concluded that redesign of working tools to be more ergonomic has proven to beable to increase the working performance of coconut oil makers and hence worth investing.Novelty of this research is in the positive results related to ergonomic redesigning of thetools for making coconut oil in the district of Dawan, Klungkung by approaches to being systemic, holistic, interdisciplinary, participatory, and appropriate technology usage.Further studies on similar related working issue should focus on the aspects of workingenvironment, especially on how to overcome smoke pollutant in the kitchen area, on moreproper work station and working organization or on that related to production quality of thecoconut oil by generating maximally all the potential already in existence among the localtraditional coconut oil makers.

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