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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Oteng, Joseph
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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In-vitro Cytotoxic and Anti-vibro Cholerae Activities of Methanol Roots Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L (Noni) Umaru, Isaac John; Konka, Daniel; Kingsly, Iseko Iyoko; Asare, Solomon Ossom; Hassan, Okrah George; Oteng, Joseph; Akafa, Tensaba Andes; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i1.4720

Abstract

Knowledge on medicinal properties of plants has extensively been applied all over the World to cure or ameliorate suffering of mankind. The use of remedies from plant origin covers a wide variety of maladies and constitutes an alternative way to antibiotics, which is otherwise no longer promising due to the generalized antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. The majority of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains have become resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents for many reasons, including mutations, horizontal gene transfers, etc. Therefore, secondary means of treatment are needed to overcome this impediment in combating cholera. Morinda citrifolia roots extensively used in traditional medicine. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the In-vitro Cytotoxic and Anti-vibro Cholerae Activities of Methanol Roots Extracts of Morinda citrifolia against V. cholerae isolates. Methods: Initially, different concentration of the extracts materials was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. Anti-V.cholerae activities were assessed by performing MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) test using disc diffusion method with different concentrations (1.25, 2.25, 5.00, 8.00, 10.00mg/ml) where standard discs of gentamycin and meropenem (10 μg/disc) were used. Further, Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was done to evaluate the extracts’ cytotoxic activities using different concentrations (5,10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800μg/ml) against vincristine sulphate. Results: The preliminary screening confirms the presence of convenient phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, etc., and are liable for the emergence of the antibacterial activities in different strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of methanolic Morinda citrifolia roots was found to be (a) 1.25, (b) 2.25, (c) 5, (d) 8, and (f) 10 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, 100% mortality was observed only at the highest concentration (800 μg/ml). In comparison, the rest of the test concentration showed less than 90% mortality at the highest concentration (400 μg/ml). Conclusions: The Morinda citrifolia roots possess significant phytochemicals and showed potential anti-V. cholerae activities with mild toxicity. Hence, Morinda citrifolia (L.) roots may be recommended as potential phytotherapy against cholera disease.
Sociodemographic Determinants Affecting the Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Women in Northern Ghana Oteng, Joseph
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i1.4854

Abstract

Cancer is a group of diseases in which genetically damaged cells proliferate autonomously. Such cells cannot respond to normal regulatory mechanisms that ensure the intercellular cooperation required in multicellular organisms. Consequently, they continue to proliferate, thereby robbing nearby normal cells of nutrients and eventually crowding surrounding healthy tissue. Breast cancer is the most widespread malignancy among females worldwide, accounting for the greatest percentage of deaths (15.5%) from all cancers in women. It was estimated the number of new cases in 2020 would exceed 2.2 million. The research work showed that the participants were abreast with Breast self-examination (BSE) techniques. And that majority of our respondents have a significantly positive impression of BSE. This tallies with the outcome of a study on affected perception of BSE among female secondary school teachers with high perception of BSE. Regarding age, there is a noticeable trend regarding the increase in age and the mean age. Specifically, women aged 30-39 years have the highest mean BSE practice score (41.8947), followed by those aged 40-49 years (40.3333), while the lowest mean score is observed among women aged 10-19 years (36.0000). This suggests a potential correlation between age and BSE practice, with older women exhibiting higher BSE engagement. In conclusion this study's primary objective is to assess the practice and determinants of breast self-examination among women in Chereponi District, Northern Region of Ghana. It will help other part of the world to create awareness of the importance of Breast cancer examination at the early stage, avoiding complication in feature.
Potential of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Jatropha Gossypiifolia Seed Against Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Akafa, Tensaba Andes; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Oteng, Joseph; Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew; Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis; Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji; Akam, Odok Endurance; Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5185

Abstract

While many methods exist for measuring the impact of AIDS, treatment remedy the human development approach focuses on people rather than medical or economic indicators. Human Development Index captures three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life—measured by life expectancy at birth; knowledge—measured by adult literacy and school enrolment; and standard of living—measured by per capita gross domestic product. Thus, investigate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia seed in highly active antiretroviral therapy administered rats. Liver is a metabolically active organ responsible for many vital life functions. It performs many activities that are critical for survival. Due to its important activities, the liver is exposed to a number of insults and is one of the body's organs most subject to injury. In spite of tremendous advances in modern medicine, there are hardly any reliable drugs that protect the liver from damage and/or help in regeneration of hepatic cell. It is, therefore, necessary to search for effective and safe herbal drugs for the treatment of liver disease to replace currently used drugs of doubtful efficacy and safety. Hence, the need to evaluate the aqueous extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia seed in highly active antiretroviral therapy (Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Efavirenz) administered rats. Sixty rats weighed between 150-200g were randomly divided into six groups and each group comprised of ten rats. Rats in group I were administered with distilled water. Rats in group II were administered with highly active antiretroviral therapy only. Rats in groups III - VI were administered 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg Jatropha gossypiifolia seed plus highly active antiretroviral therapy respectively. The treatments were given orally for 28 consecutive days. On the 29th day, all rats were sacrificed under light diethyl ether anaesthesia; blood samples were collected for the assessment of biochemical parameters, while Serum levels of liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were significantly (p<0.05) increased and albumin concentration was significantly decreased in animals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy as compared to the normal control. Treatment of highly active antiretroviral therapy exposed animals with Jatropha gossypiifolia seed showed marked improvement in biochemical findings. Rise in liver enzymes was almost restored to normal in animals treated with Jatropha gossypiifolia seed. Jatropha gossypiifolia seed through its antioxidant activity effectively protects highly active antiretroviral therapy induced liver toxicity.
In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity of Rosa centifolia, (Leaves and Roots) Extract on HIV-1UG070 and HIV-1VB59 in TZM-bl and PM1 Cell Lines Umaru, Isaac John; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Akafa, Tensaba Andes; Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew; Oteng, Joseph; Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis; Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji; Akam, Odok Endurance; Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5223

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still contributing significantly in morbidities and mortalities in the world today, more especially in developing countries. The drugs normally use to reat the infection is costly, toxic, and less effective due to resistance by HIV. In view of that an assessment of In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity of Rosa centifolia, (Leaves and Roots) Extract on HIV-1UG070 and HIV-1VB59 in TZM-bl and PM1 Cell Lines. Thus, the present therapy also has limitations of development of multidrug resistance, with a need for the discovery of novel anti-HIV compounds from plants as a potential alternative in combating HIV disease. Methods: The medicinal plant was tested for entry and replication inhibition against laboratory adapted strains HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1Ada5 and primary isolates HIV-1UG070, HIV-1VB59 in TZM-bl cell lines and primary isolates HIV-1UG070, HIV-1VB59 in PM1 cell lines. The plant extracts were further evaluated for toxicity in HEC-1A epithelial cell lines by trans well epithelial model. Results: The methanolic extracts of Rosa centifolia inhibited laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains (IC80 29.17-78.43μg/ml) and primary isolates (IC80 30.4-118μg/ml) in TZM-bl cells. Conclusion: These active methanolic extracts of Rosa centifolia, (leaves and roots) could be further subjected to chemical analysis to investigate the active moiety responsible for the anti-HIV activity. Methanolic extract of Rosa centifolia was found to be well tolerated maintaining the epithelial integrity of HEC-1A cells in vitro and thus has potential for investigating it further the phytochemical responsible for these activities.
Estrogenic-Like Potential of Aqueous Extract of Soursop and Johar Leaf Extract (Annona muricata) on MCF-7 and NIH-3T3 Cells Umaru, Isaac John; Tiimob, Gideon Likida; Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle; Oteng, Joseph
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i1.7894

Abstract

Annona muricata (soursop) is a tropical plant widely recognized for its pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hormonal regulatory effects. This study examines the estrogenic-like potential of aqueous leaf extracts of A. muricata and Siamese senna (Johar) on estrogen receptor-positive human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). A series of in vitro assays—including cell viability analysis, morphological assessment, and estrogen receptor expression profiling—were conducted to evaluate the bioactivity of the extracts. Results indicate that the A. muricata extract exerts a dose-dependent proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells, consistent with estrogenic activity. These findings suggest that A. muricata may act as a phytoestrogen, with potential applications in hormone-related therapeutic interventions. Further research is recommended to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its estrogenic effects and to assess its safety and efficacy in vivo, particularly in the context of hormone-sensitive cancers.
Assessment of HIV 1 GP120/CD4 Binding Inhibition Potential of Methanolic Extracts of Achyranthes Aspera Leaves Umaru, Isaac John; Akafa, Tensaba Andes; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew; Oteng, Joseph; Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis; Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji; Akam, Odok Endurance; Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i2.5184

Abstract

Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) is an important medicinal herb found as a weed throughout Nigeria. Though almost all of its parts are used in traditional systems of medicines, leaves, seeds, roots and shoots are the most important parts which are used medicinally. The present article gives an account of updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological properties. The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still contributing significantly in morbidities and mortalities in the world today. The drugs normally used to treat the infection are costly, toxic, and less effective due to resistance by HIV. Thus, the assessment of gp120-CD4 binding inhibition potential of Achyranthes aspera leaves extract was conducted using gp120-CD4 capture ELISA kits. Aqueous, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts were prepared at 1000, 500 and 250 μg/ml and tested for gp120-CD4 binding inhibition. Sub-cute toxicity assay was done using albino rats; Biochemical parameters including alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as bilirubin for liver and urea, electrolytes and creatinine for kidney functions were evaluated. The results of the effect of crude aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether Achyranthes aspera leaves extract against gp120-CD4 showed inhibition ranging from 1.4 – 17.2 %. with 1000 μg/ml showing highest percentage of inhibition. There was no significant difference (P = 0.862) in terms of percentage inhibition between the three concentrations tested. Methanol extract demonstrated the highest percentage inhibition of gp120-CD4 bindings (17.2 %). No significant difference (P = 0.124) between the three extracts against gp-120-CD4 bindings was observed. The results of the sub-acute toxicity study have shown that, there were no physical changes in animals treated with 500 mg/kg of all the extracts. The result of liver function test revealed that, ALT, AST and ALP were within the normal range (12U/L) for both the high and low concentrations of the extracts including the control. Also result for total protein, albumin, globulin for the test albino rats and that of the control rat were found to be within the normal range 5.1-6.1, 4.2-5.3, and 3.1-3.8 g/dl respectively. For serum electrolyte level, sodium and potassium ions for the various concentrations of the extracts tested and control were also found to be within normal range. The result of kidney function test revealed that, urea, creatinine and direct and total bilirubin of the rats tested and control were all found to be within normal range. In conclusion, ether Achyranthes aspera leaves extract possessed some levels of HIV-1 gp120-CD4 binding inhibition potentials and the extracts was found to be non-toxic at 250 and 500mg/ kg body weight. It can be recommended that, the bioactive compounds should therefore be isolated and tested for gp120-CD4 binding inhibition activity.
Breast Cancer Knowledge as a Predictor of Regular Breast Self-Examination among Women Aged 20–49 in Ejisu Municipality, Ghana Oteng, Joseph; Iba, Bemhemba; Umaru, Isaac John
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i1.9084

Abstract

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women globally, and in low-resource settings such as Ghana, breast self-examination (BSE) remains a cost-effective strategy for early detection, yet a persistent gap exists between awareness and consistent practice. This study assessed women’s knowledge of breast cancer and examined whether knowledge predicts regular BSE practice among women aged 20–49 years in Ejisu Municipality, Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 635 women selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, breast cancer knowledge, and BSE practice, with knowledge scores categorized as low, moderate, or high using tertiles. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were applied, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The mean age of participants was 32.9 ± 7.1 years, and most (67.2%) demonstrated high breast cancer knowledge, primarily sourced from health professionals (53.5%). Although 72.0% had heard of BSE, only 32.1% practiced it monthly as recommended, with key barriers including lack of knowledge of the correct technique (47.8%) and fear of detecting a lump (22.8%). Knowledge level was significantly associated with regular BSE practice (χ² = 42.57, p < 0.001), and multivariate analysis showed that women with high knowledge were more than three times as likely to perform regular BSE (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.18–5.52, p < 0.001) compared with those with low knowledge. Tertiary education (AOR = 2.26, p = 0.004) and receiving information from health workers (AOR = 2.06, p = 0.008) also independently predicted regular BSE. The study concludes that breast cancer knowledge is a strong predictor of regular BSE practice; despite relatively high awareness, routine BSE remains low due to skill-related and psychological barriers. Strengthening health education with practical demonstrations and integrating BSE counseling into routine clinical care and community outreach may enhance preventive behavior and contribute to earlier breast cancer detection.
Co-Authors Akafa, Tensaba Andes Akam, Odok Endurance Akem, Ingwu Joseph Akem3, Ingwu Joseph Asare, Solomon Ossom Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo Hassan, Okrah George Iba, Bemhemba Kingsly, Iseko Iyoko Konka, Daniel Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew Tiimob, Gideon Likida Udoh, Mary Athanasius Umaru, Isaac John Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis Yahaya, Musbau Adekunle