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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Akem, Ingwu Joseph
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Effect of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Annona senegalensis as an Antibacterial Agent and on Liver Enzyme Markers in Diethyl Nitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats Umaru, Isaac John; Efongwa, Emmanuel; Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza; Okang, Ogar Fonne; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Philip, Shadrach; Frank, Otashu Kenneth
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.7361

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, frequently linked to exposure to chemical carcinogens such as diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Medicinal plants have emerged as promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential anticancer and antimicrobial properties. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of methanol stem-bark extract of Annona senegalensis against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and selected bacterial pathogens. Fifty-four male albino rats were allocated into six groups, with hepatocarcinogenesis induced by DEN, followed by a 14-day treatment with varying doses of the extract. Hepatoprotective effects were assessed using liver enzyme markers and serum protein levels, while antibacterial activity was determined via disc diffusion assays against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results demonstrated that the extract significantly reduced liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST, ALP) and improved serum proteins (total protein and albumin) at higher doses (400 and 600 mg/kg), indicating hepatoprotective potential. Bilirubin levels also improved, suggesting reduced liver stress. Antibacterial evaluation revealed dose-dependent activity, with strong inhibition against S. aureus comparable to tetracycline at 200 µg/mL, and moderate efficacy against E. coli. These findings highlight the dual therapeutic potential of A. senegalensis stem-bark extract as both a hepatoprotective and antibacterial agent. Future studies are recommended to isolate and characterize the bioactive compounds responsible for these effects and to expand antibacterial evaluation to a wider spectrum of pathogens.
Evaluation of Malaria and Typhoid Coinfection Among Patients at Yola General Hospital, Adamawa State Umaru, Isaac John; Akem, Ingwu Joseph; Asare, Solomon O.; Danjuma, Tyem Lawal; Akpan, Usenobong Morgan; Salman, Julius Ishaya; Umaru, Hauwa A.; Ahmed, Maryam Usman
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i2.9403

Abstract

Although malaria and typhoid fever remain highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, evidence on the prevalence and clinical profile of coinfection in northeastern Nigeria remains limited. This study evaluated the burden and characteristics of malaria and typhoid coinfection among febrile patients attending Yola General Hospital in Adamawa State. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 300 patients presenting with febrile illness. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and laboratory diagnostics. Malaria was diagnosed using rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy, whereas typhoid fever was assessed using the Widal test and blood cultures. Demographic, clinical, and behavioral data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to identify significant associations. The findings showed that 102 patients (34%) had malaria only, 78 (26%) had typhoid only, and 54 (18%) were coinfected. Coinfection was most prevalent among individuals aged 21–40 years (55.6%) and was slightly more common in males (55.6%) than females (44.4%). The most frequently reported symptoms among coinfected patients were fever (100%), headache (88.9%), abdominal pain (77.8%), and diarrhea (66.7%). Behavioral risk factors, including inconsistent mosquito net use, poor hand hygiene, and consumption of untreated water, were significantly associated with infection. Coinfection rates also peaked during the rainy season from June to September, accounting for 74.1% of cases. The study concludes that malaria and typhoid coinfection constitutes a substantial clinical and public health burden in Yola. These findings contribute empirical evidence on the demographic, symptomatic, behavioral, and seasonal profile of coinfected patients and highlight the need for dual diagnostic screening, improved laboratory infrastructure, and targeted health education on hygiene and vector control.
Co-Authors Abbas, Khalid Yahuza Absalom, Augustine Adamu, Usman Lukman Ahmed, Maayam Usman Ahmed, Maryam Usman Akafa, Tensaba Andes Akam, Odok Endurance Akpan, Usenobong Morgan Akumia, Prince Osei Amoah, Kwabena Owusu Asare, Solomon O. Ayi, Atsu Chukwudi, Eluu Emmanuel Danjuma, Tyem Lawal Efongwa, Emmanuel Ekunyi, Agbo Chibuike Ekup, Ogholo Ogholo Eno, Gomba Victoria Essien, Inemesit Samuel Frank, Otashu Kenneth Hassan, George Okra Ikira, Usman Jack, Precious Chioma Mijinyawa, Aboki Nwunuji Mona, Etah Hope Ngbede, Ocheifa Mathew Okang, Ogar Fonne Omanchi, Emmanuel Olofu Omolara, Mosugu Ovayoza Oteng, Joseph Philemon, Panah Philip, Shadrach Salman, Julius Ishaya Shadrach, Katchin Evelyn Tansaba, Akafa Andes Tony-Enwin, Evelyn Ovenomo Udoh, Mary Athanasius Umaru, Hauwa A. Umaru, Isaac John Utioukpan, Ashaka Fidelis Yeboah, Genevieve A.