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Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Modern Therapeutic Approaches Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5640

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is an ailment of the gastrointestinal tract that is quite common and is marked by the development of open lesions known as ulcers in the stomach as well as in the proximal duodenum. It arises as a consequence of the imbalance between the protective enzymatic mechanisms of the mucosa, and the injurious agents like gastric acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori, and even non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While many ulcers heal spontaneously, complications such as bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction can lead to serious morbidity or mortality. With PUD, they can be treated and/or prevented if basic instruction is provided alongside a proper overview of the condition's etiological basis. In this case, pharmacological therapy and endoscopic procedures are heavily applicable.

IBS: Pathophysiology and Management Challenges Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5641

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a widespread functional gastrointestinal ailment with chronic abdominal pain, change in bowel movements, and reduced quality of life as hallmarks. Unlike organic diseases, IBS is idiopathic—diagnosed in the absence of structural or biochemical disturbances, which makes disease management more difficult. The causes of IBS are heterogeneous: dysregulation of gut-brain axis, visceral hypersensitivity, motility disorders, changes in microbiome, and psychosocial aspects contribute to it. This article explains causes of IBS, symptomatology, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options multidisciplinary with a focus on tailored dietary intervention, medication, psychotherapy, as well as alternative methods.

Preserving Biodiversity: The Vital Role of Flora and Fauna in Global Sustainability Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemi, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5814

The ecological balance of the planet, human well-being, and the vitality of natural systems are inextricably linked to the diversity of flora and fauna—biological resources that sustain life through myriad ecosystem services. Flora, comprising the world’s plant life, is fundamental to oxygen production, carbon sequestration, and photosynthetic energy transfer, forming the base of nearly all food webs. Fauna, encompassing animal life, plays critical roles in pollination, seed dispersal, pest regulation, and nutrient cycling. The vast biodiversity encapsulated in global flora and fauna represents the outcome of millions of years of evolution and adaptation. However, unprecedented anthropogenic pressures—including deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, overexploitation, and biological invasions—have precipitated significant biodiversity loss in the twenty-first century. This decline jeopardizes not only ecological stability but also the essential services that underpin human health, agriculture, and economic development. In response, disciplines such as environmental science, conservation biology, and sustainable development have mobilized to advocate for the protection of biodiversity through international frameworks like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), targeted species and habitat conservation programs, and enhanced biodiversity monitoring systems. This paper underscores both the intrinsic and utilitarian value of biodiversity, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated global action. Ensuring the persistence of biological diversity demands reinforced environmental governance, expanded protected area networks, ecological restoration, and the integration of sustainability principles into development agendas. The survival of flora and fauna is not only an environmental imperative but a foundation for human resilience and planetary sustainability.

Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Modern Therapeutic Approaches Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5640

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is an ailment of the gastrointestinal tract that is quite common and is marked by the development of open lesions known as ulcers in the stomach as well as in the proximal duodenum. It arises as a consequence of the imbalance between the protective enzymatic mechanisms of the mucosa, and the injurious agents like gastric acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori, and even non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While many ulcers heal spontaneously, complications such as bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction can lead to serious morbidity or mortality. With PUD, they can be treated and/or prevented if basic instruction is provided alongside a proper overview of the condition's etiological basis. In this case, pharmacological therapy and endoscopic procedures are heavily applicable.

IBS: Pathophysiology and Management Challenges Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Jehan Mohammed Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5641

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a widespread functional gastrointestinal ailment with chronic abdominal pain, change in bowel movements, and reduced quality of life as hallmarks. Unlike organic diseases, IBS is idiopathic—diagnosed in the absence of structural or biochemical disturbances, which makes disease management more difficult. The causes of IBS are heterogeneous: dysregulation of gut-brain axis, visceral hypersensitivity, motility disorders, changes in microbiome, and psychosocial aspects contribute to it. This article explains causes of IBS, symptomatology, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options multidisciplinary with a focus on tailored dietary intervention, medication, psychotherapy, as well as alternative methods.

Preserving Biodiversity: The Vital Role of Flora and Fauna in Global Sustainability Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemi, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5814

The ecological balance of the planet, human well-being, and the vitality of natural systems are inextricably linked to the diversity of flora and fauna—biological resources that sustain life through myriad ecosystem services. Flora, comprising the world’s plant life, is fundamental to oxygen production, carbon sequestration, and photosynthetic energy transfer, forming the base of nearly all food webs. Fauna, encompassing animal life, plays critical roles in pollination, seed dispersal, pest regulation, and nutrient cycling. The vast biodiversity encapsulated in global flora and fauna represents the outcome of millions of years of evolution and adaptation. However, unprecedented anthropogenic pressures—including deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, overexploitation, and biological invasions—have precipitated significant biodiversity loss in the twenty-first century. This decline jeopardizes not only ecological stability but also the essential services that underpin human health, agriculture, and economic development. In response, disciplines such as environmental science, conservation biology, and sustainable development have mobilized to advocate for the protection of biodiversity through international frameworks like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), targeted species and habitat conservation programs, and enhanced biodiversity monitoring systems. This paper underscores both the intrinsic and utilitarian value of biodiversity, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated global action. Ensuring the persistence of biological diversity demands reinforced environmental governance, expanded protected area networks, ecological restoration, and the integration of sustainability principles into development agendas. The survival of flora and fauna is not only an environmental imperative but a foundation for human resilience and planetary sustainability.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Understanding Its Roots, Impact, and Modern Approaches to Treatment Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5668

Chronic worry and anxiety about particular areas of functioning or life shifts Characterizes GAD. Generalized anxiety disorder GAD remains one among the most widespread and enduring forms of anxiety disorder. GAD doesn’t arise out of thin air, but is often associated with deeper, systematic issues at hand. Not only does GAD affect one neurologically, but it impacts their emotional, social, and occupational functionality. Globally, millions face GAD. Furthermore, unlike anxiety regarding day-to-day things, GAD has no identifiable ‘weakness’ that triggers it, making it chronic in nature and extremely hard to control without professional support. In this article, I will aims towards incorporating the important aspects of GAD exploring its headline causes, diagnostic rules, prominent face, and fusion of treatment including modern medicine alongside proactive methods like exercise, psychotherapy, and self-help programs. Primarily focus is laid on CBT alongside mindfulness approaches, innovation due to neurobiology in treatment, and neurobiology’s impact on understanding and eradicating illness.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): A Multifactorial Mental Health Crisis and Approaches to Holistic Management Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5670

MDD, also known as Major Depressive Disorder, or clinical depression, is one of the most common and debilitating mental illnesses worldwide since it affects a person’s emotional, cognitive, and physiological functioning balance. Sufferers typically experience unrelenting low mood, anhedonia or lack of interest in activities, extreme tiredness, and numerous loopy mental and physical symptoms that negatively affect normal functioning. It’s worth emphasizing that a complex disorder, not solely an emotional state, depression arises as a result of the interplay of genetics, predisposition to the illness, neurobiological underpinnings, psychosocial and environmental stressors, as well as their myriad factors. This paper analyzes the causes, symptoms, diagnostic guidelines, and the most recent methods of treatment available for MDD. Special focus is given to psychotherapy, pharmacologic approaches, lifestyle changes, and the necessity for a holistic approach that integrates all dimensions of patient care.

Modern Microbiology: Exploring Microbial Frontiers in Health, Environment, and Biotechnology Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, , Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5818

Microbiology, the study of microscopic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, remains one of the most dynamic and transformative disciplines in modern science. It is foundational to understanding diverse biological systems, from molecular genetics to ecosystem function, and is integral to advancements in biotechnology, medicine, and environmental science. The field has expanded significantly with the advent of molecular biology and omics technologies, enabling precise exploration of microbial genetics, physiology, and metabolic networks. Microorganisms, while recognized as agents of disease, are also vital for global biogeochemical cycles, nutrient turnover, and ecological resilience. Recent decades have seen a surge in interest driven by the emergence of antibiotic resistance, the global burden of infectious diseases, and the need to decode host microbe interactions. Innovations such as next generation sequencing, metagenomics, and single cell analysis have redefined microbial ecology by revealing the complexity and ubiquity of unculturable microbial communities across environments—from the human gut microbiota to extreme ecosystems like deep sea hydrothermal vents. Simultaneously, the rise of synthetic biology and microbial bioengineering has paved the way for novel applications in sustainable energy, environmental remediation, and industrial biotechnology. Particularly, the human microbiome has emerged as a frontier linking microbial diversity to immunity, metabolic health, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. As microbiology increasingly converges with computational biology, nanotechnology, and systems medicine, it is poised to offer transformative solutions to global challenges in health, food security, and environmental sustainability. This overview synthesizes the current landscape of microbiological research, spotlighting core concepts and emerging directions that define the field’s evolution.

The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Mental and Physical Health Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Aslam, Nosheen; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Rashid, Abid; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed; Mahmood, Abid
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6248

Sleep is a complex, restorative, and multi-stage process essential for maintaining physical health, emotional regulation, and cognitive functioning. Beyond mere rest, sleep supports vital biological functions that sustain overall well-being. However, in today’s fast-paced society, social interactions, work demands, and excessive screen time frequently take precedence over adequate sleep, leading to widespread sleep deficiency. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as sleep deprivation, is increasingly prevalent, particularly in developing countries where technological advancement, occupational pressures, and lifestyle factors disrupt natural sleep-wake cycles. This article examines the causes and consequences of insufficient sleep, exploring the underlying biological mechanisms and their impact on cardiovascular health, immune system function, mental health, memory, and quality of life. Additionally, it underscores the importance of proper sleep hygiene and presents strategies to improve sleep patterns across all age groups, aiming to mitigate the adverse effects of sleep loss and promote holistic health.

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