Ahmad Syaifullah
Karabük Üniversitesi

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The Concept of War (Qitāl) in the Qur’an: A Comparative Study of Tafsir Al-Mishbah and Tafsir Al-Muharrar Al-Wajiz Rochmad Rochmad; Muhammad Izzudin; Wahyu Septrianto; Radwan Jamal Yousef Elatrash; Ahmad Syaifullah
Studia Quranika Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/studiaquranika.v10i2.5

Abstract

The study of war or qitāl in the Qur'an often causes controversy, primarily because some circles still associate verses of jihad with violence or terrorism. This indicates a gap in understanding that needs to be bridged through in-depth tafsir (exegesis) studies. This research aims to analyze the concept of war in the Qur'an through a comparative study of two tafsirs: Tafsir Al-Mishbah by Quraish Shihab and Tafsir Al-Muharrar Al-Wajiz by Ibn Athiyyah. The method used is qualitative research based on a literature study with a thematic and comparative approach. The results show that both mufassirs (exegetes) agree that war in Islam is defensive in nature, oriented toward justice, and limited by humanitarian values. War is not intended as a means of aggression but as a last resort for self-defense and the protection of religious freedom. However, differences are observed in the emphasis: Tafsir Al-Mishbah highlights the contextual, moral, and spiritual aspects more, while Tafsir Al-Muharrar Al-Wajiz tends to emphasize the legal side of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and linguistic debates. This study contributes by demonstrating how contextual-moral and fiqh-linguistic approaches complement each other in constructing a holistic Qur’anic understanding of war.
Analysis Rules Haqiqah and Majaz in Interpreting the term Qawwamuna (QS. An-Nisa Verse 34) Nurul Hamidah; Aswadi Aswadi; Meirando Rukhuz; Ahmad Syaifullah
Studia Quranika Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

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Abstract

This study discusses the interpretation of QS. An- Nisā ' verse 34 has often sparked debate, particularly within feminist discourse and discussions of gender bias rooted in pre-Islamic patriarchal structures. Most interpretations of this verse tend to adopt a literal approach (ḥaqīqah), positioning men as leaders over women, based on the assumption that the verse is qa ṭ ' ī al- dalālah—textually definitive and not open to alternative interpretations. This study aims to critically assess that dominant approach by exploring the potential of using majāz (figurative meaning) to offer a more contextual and equitable understanding. The research employs a library-based method with a descriptive-analytical approach, examining relevant primary and secondary sources. The findings reveal that relying solely on a literal reading of the verse without considering its socio-historical context may lead to interpretive bias. Therefore, an integrative approach—balancing both the outward (literal) and inward (figurative) meanings—is essential to ensure that the Qur'anic message remains dynamic and relevant across time.