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Yayuk Putri Rahayu
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Skrining Fitokomia Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak etanol daun jeluak (Microcos tomentosa (L.)) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphyloccocus aureus Toni Andareas Sitompul; Haris Munandar Nasution; Yayuk Putri Rahayu; Muhammad Amin Nasution
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1599

Abstract

Background: Bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli remain major public health problems. Resistance to conventional antibiotics has driven the search for alternative antibacterial agents from natural sources. Jeluak leaves (Microcos tomentosa L.) have been traditionally used as an antimicrobial, yet scientific evidence regarding their antibacterial activity is limited. Objective: This study aimed to perform phytochemical screening and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Jeluak leaves against E. coli and S. aureus. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening included tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and glycosides. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar at extract concentrations of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70%. Chloramphenicol and DMSO were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Inhibition zone diameters were measured after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and glycosides. The extract produced inhibition zones against E. coli of 6.3 mm, 9.3 mm, 12.2 mm, and 13.61 mm, and against S. aureus of 7.51 mm, 10.7 mm, 12.7 mm, and 14.28 mm, respectively. According to CLSI 2020 criteria, the 70% concentration was categorized as intermediate, while concentrations of 10–50% were resistant. The positive control was sensitive against both bacteria. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Jeluak leaves (Microcos tomentosa L.) possesses antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, with higher effectiveness against S. aureus than E. coli. Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids are suggested to contribute to the antibacterial mechanism
Konsentrasi Inhibitori Minimum dan Konsentrasi Fungisidal Minimum Ekstrak dan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terompet Emas (Allamanda cathartica L.) terhadap Malassezia furfur Anisa Sabila; Yayuk Putri Rahayu; Haris Munandar Nasution; Rafita Yuniarti
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1036

Abstract

Background: Fungal skin infections such as pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur remain a common health problem in tropical regions. Limitations of conventional antifungal therapy have encouraged the development of alternative agents derived from natural products. Golden trumpet leaves (Allamanda cathartica L.) contain flavonoids and iridoids with potential antifungal activity, and nanoparticle formulations are being developed to enhance the extracts’ effectiveness. Objective: To evaluate the improvement of antifungal efficacy of the nanoparticle formulation of the ethanolic extract of golden trumpet leaves against Malassezia furfur by comparing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), and inhibition zone diameter with the conventional extract. Methods: This experimental study employed a posttest-only control group design. Treatment groups included ethanolic extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%) and nanoparticle extract (0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%). Nanoparticles were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer and characterized with a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). MIC and MFC were determined using the broth dilution method, while antifungal activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level. Results: Nanoparticle characterization revealed a particle size of 367.51 nm. The MIC values for the extract and nanoparticles were 12.5% and 1.25%, respectively, while the MFC values were 50% and 5%, respectively. The highest inhibition zones for the extract and nanoparticles were 21.1 mm (50%) and 20.3 mm (5%), respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in inhibition zone diameters across concentrations for both extract forms. Conclusion: The nanoparticle formulation of the ethanolic extract of golden trumpet leaves significantly enhances antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur, demonstrating equivalent inhibitory effects at concentrations ten times lower than the conventional extract. These findings indicate the potential of nanoparticle-based formulations as promising antifungal candidates.
Isolasi dan Uji Antibakteri Bakteriosin Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dari Sauerkraut Kubis Ungu (Brassica oleracea L) Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Stapylococcus aureus Bunga Violetta Zulkaroza; Yayuk Putri Rahayu; Haris Munandar Nasution; Minda Sari Lubis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1870

Abstract

Background: Red cabbage sauerkraut (Brassica oleracea L.) is a fermented vegetable matrix that supports the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), some of which produce bacteriocins with potential as natural food biopreservatives. Objective: This study aimed to isolate and phenotypically characterize LAB from red cabbage sauerkraut and evaluate the antibacterial activity and physicochemical stability of the partially purified bacteriocin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods: LAB were isolated on MRS agar, characterized by colony and cell morphology, Gram staining, catalase activity, and motility, and screened for antibacterial activity. Bacteriocin from the selected isolate was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Stability was evaluated across pH 2–11, temperatures of 30–121 °C, pepsin exposure, Tween 20 and Tween 80, and UV-C irradiation. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar diffusion. Results: Three presumptive LAB isolates (BAL1, BAL2, and BAL3) were obtained, with BAL1 showing the greatest antibacterial activity. Untreated bacteriocin produced inhibition zones of 11.2 mm against S. aureus and 12.8 mm against E. coli. Activity was retained most strongly at pH 3–5 and 30–40 °C, decreased after pepsin and UV-C exposure, and increased in the presence of Tween 20 or Tween 80. Conclusion: BAL1 from red cabbage sauerkraut produces a proteinaceous antibacterial substance with stability under acidic and moderate-temperature conditions, supporting its further characterization as a candidate food biopreservative.
Co-Authors Anisa Sabila Bunga Violetta Zulkaroza Haris Munandar Nasution Lubis, Minda Sari Muhammad Amin Nasution Rafita Yuniarti Toni Andareas Sitompul