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Haris Munandar Nasution
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Uji Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi n-Heksan Dan Etil Asetat Daun Seminyak (Champereia manillana (Blume) Merr.) Terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis Alvin Pratama; Haris Munandar Nasution; Ainil Fithri Pulungan; Zulmai Rani
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1200

Abstract

Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a global concern, prompting the exploration of alternative antibacterial agents derived from natural sources. Enterococcus faecalis is a pathogenic bacterium frequently associated with root canal treatment failure due to its high resistance level. Seminyak leaves (Champereia manillana (Blume) Merr.) are known to contain secondary metabolites with potential antibacterial activity; however, studies based on solvent fractionation remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of seminyak leaves against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: An experimental study was conducted through plant identification, preparation of simplicia, extraction using the maceration method with 96% ethanol, and liquid–liquid fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening was performed qualitatively and confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 45% with three replications. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 10% was used as the negative control, while chlorhexidine (standard concentration) served as the positive control. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanol extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The n-hexane fraction predominantly contained nonpolar compounds (alkaloids and steroids), while the ethyl acetate fraction contained more diverse semi-polar compounds. Antibacterial testing showed that all samples exhibited activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The highest inhibition zone diameters at 45% concentration were 14.1 ± 0.21 mm (ethanol extract), 10.3 ± 0.17 mm (ethyl acetate fraction), and 8.5 ± 0.14 mm (n-hexane fraction). Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction of seminyak leaves exhibit antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The ethanol extract showed the highest activity, followed by the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions. These findings suggest that antibacterial compounds are more dominant in polar to semi-polar fractions.
Skrining Fitokomia Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak etanol daun jeluak (Microcos tomentosa (L.)) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphyloccocus aureus Toni Andareas Sitompul; Haris Munandar Nasution; Yayuk Putri Rahayu; Muhammad Amin Nasution
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1599

Abstract

Background: Bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli remain major public health problems. Resistance to conventional antibiotics has driven the search for alternative antibacterial agents from natural sources. Jeluak leaves (Microcos tomentosa L.) have been traditionally used as an antimicrobial, yet scientific evidence regarding their antibacterial activity is limited. Objective: This study aimed to perform phytochemical screening and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Jeluak leaves against E. coli and S. aureus. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening included tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and glycosides. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar at extract concentrations of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70%. Chloramphenicol and DMSO were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Inhibition zone diameters were measured after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and glycosides. The extract produced inhibition zones against E. coli of 6.3 mm, 9.3 mm, 12.2 mm, and 13.61 mm, and against S. aureus of 7.51 mm, 10.7 mm, 12.7 mm, and 14.28 mm, respectively. According to CLSI 2020 criteria, the 70% concentration was categorized as intermediate, while concentrations of 10–50% were resistant. The positive control was sensitive against both bacteria. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Jeluak leaves (Microcos tomentosa L.) possesses antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, with higher effectiveness against S. aureus than E. coli. Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids are suggested to contribute to the antibacterial mechanism
Konsentrasi Inhibitori Minimum dan Konsentrasi Fungisidal Minimum Ekstrak dan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terompet Emas (Allamanda cathartica L.) terhadap Malassezia furfur Anisa Sabila; Yayuk Putri Rahayu; Haris Munandar Nasution; Rafita Yuniarti
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1036

Abstract

Background: Fungal skin infections such as pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur remain a common health problem in tropical regions. Limitations of conventional antifungal therapy have encouraged the development of alternative agents derived from natural products. Golden trumpet leaves (Allamanda cathartica L.) contain flavonoids and iridoids with potential antifungal activity, and nanoparticle formulations are being developed to enhance the extracts’ effectiveness. Objective: To evaluate the improvement of antifungal efficacy of the nanoparticle formulation of the ethanolic extract of golden trumpet leaves against Malassezia furfur by comparing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), and inhibition zone diameter with the conventional extract. Methods: This experimental study employed a posttest-only control group design. Treatment groups included ethanolic extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%) and nanoparticle extract (0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%). Nanoparticles were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer and characterized with a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). MIC and MFC were determined using the broth dilution method, while antifungal activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level. Results: Nanoparticle characterization revealed a particle size of 367.51 nm. The MIC values for the extract and nanoparticles were 12.5% and 1.25%, respectively, while the MFC values were 50% and 5%, respectively. The highest inhibition zones for the extract and nanoparticles were 21.1 mm (50%) and 20.3 mm (5%), respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in inhibition zone diameters across concentrations for both extract forms. Conclusion: The nanoparticle formulation of the ethanolic extract of golden trumpet leaves significantly enhances antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur, demonstrating equivalent inhibitory effects at concentrations ten times lower than the conventional extract. These findings indicate the potential of nanoparticle-based formulations as promising antifungal candidates.
Analisis Kadar Nikotin dan Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif pada Ekstrak Daun Tembakau Asal Gayo (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Menggunakan GC–MS dan Titrasi Intan Sabila Putri Purba; Supiyani Supiyani; Haris munandar Nasution; Minda Sari Lubis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1161

Abstract

Gayo-origin tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are a locally cultivated tobacco variety widely grown in Central Aceh, Indonesia. Tobacco leaves are known to contain nicotine, a bioactive compound with various pharmacological and economic potentials. This study aimed to identify the nicotine content and phytochemical profile of Gayo tobacco leaf extract. The research procedures included sample collection, macroscopic and microscopic examinations, simplicia preparation, characterization of the simplicia and extract, phytochemical screening, quantitative nicotine determination using acidimetry titration, and qualitative analysis using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Macroscopic examination showed that the leaves were oval to round in shape, broad-surfaced, green in color, with a characteristic odor and a bitter taste. Microscopic observation revealed the presence of vascular bundles, covering trichomes, and glandular hairs in the leaf fragments. The titrimetric test showed nicotine levels of 0.95 ± 0.3% in the simplicia powder and 1.87 ± 0.45% in the ethanol extract. GC–MS analysis identified several major compounds, including nicotine (20.99%) and Labda-8(20),13-dien-15-oic acid (29.85%) as dominant components, along with minor compounds such as Quinolin, 8-amino-6-hydroxy-Quinazoline (2.39%). These findings indicate that the Gayo tobacco leaf extract contains a relatively high level of nicotine and is dominated by alkaloid and diterpenoid acid derivatives, suggesting its potential for further phytochemical and pharmacological exploration.
Aktivitas antijamur hidrogel dari kitosancangkang kerang simping (Amusium Pleuronectes) terhadap Malassezia Furfur Revi Mariska Ritonga; Ridwanto Ridwanto; Haris Munandar Nasution; Rafita Yuniarti
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1866

Abstract

Amusium pleuronectes shell waste was investigated as a source of chitosan for a topical hydrogel with activity against Malassezia furfur. Chitosan was isolated by deproteinization, demineralization, depigmentation, and alkaline deacetylation, characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and incorporated into hydrogels at nominal concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, with a chitosan-free base as control. Physical properties were assessed over 21 days, and antifungal activity was evaluated by agar-well diffusion. The recovered material represented 24.30% of the initial shell mass, and its estimated degree of deacetylation was approximately 77%. All formulations retained their appearance without visible phase separation. Across formulations and observation times, pH ranged from 4.55 to 6.09, spread diameter from 5.1 to 5.8 cm, adhesion from 1.11 to 1.61 s, and apparent viscosity from 31,310 to 38,180 cP; pH, adhesion, and viscosity declined during storage. Mean inhibition zones were 11.57 ± 0.21, 13.33 ± 0.15, and 15.00 ± 0.10 mm for the 2%, 4%, and 6% formulations, respectively (three readings each). The base produced no inhibition halo, whereas the reported ketoconazole comparator value was 21.3 mm. The 6% formulation showed the greatest in vitro inhibition among the chitosan hydrogels, while the changes in physical properties indicate a need for further formulation optimization.
Isolasi dan Uji Antibakteri Bakteriosin Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dari Sauerkraut Kubis Ungu (Brassica oleracea L) Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Stapylococcus aureus Bunga Violetta Zulkaroza; Yayuk Putri Rahayu; Haris Munandar Nasution; Minda Sari Lubis
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1870

Abstract

Background: Red cabbage sauerkraut (Brassica oleracea L.) is a fermented vegetable matrix that supports the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), some of which produce bacteriocins with potential as natural food biopreservatives. Objective: This study aimed to isolate and phenotypically characterize LAB from red cabbage sauerkraut and evaluate the antibacterial activity and physicochemical stability of the partially purified bacteriocin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods: LAB were isolated on MRS agar, characterized by colony and cell morphology, Gram staining, catalase activity, and motility, and screened for antibacterial activity. Bacteriocin from the selected isolate was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Stability was evaluated across pH 2–11, temperatures of 30–121 °C, pepsin exposure, Tween 20 and Tween 80, and UV-C irradiation. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar diffusion. Results: Three presumptive LAB isolates (BAL1, BAL2, and BAL3) were obtained, with BAL1 showing the greatest antibacterial activity. Untreated bacteriocin produced inhibition zones of 11.2 mm against S. aureus and 12.8 mm against E. coli. Activity was retained most strongly at pH 3–5 and 30–40 °C, decreased after pepsin and UV-C exposure, and increased in the presence of Tween 20 or Tween 80. Conclusion: BAL1 from red cabbage sauerkraut produces a proteinaceous antibacterial substance with stability under acidic and moderate-temperature conditions, supporting its further characterization as a candidate food biopreservative.
Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum Dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum Ekstrak Etanol Dan Nano Ekstrak Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus murr) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis Tahnia Maulidya; Yayuk Putri Rahayu; Minda Sari Lubis; Haris Munandar Nasution
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1925

Abstract

Introduction: Durian peel is a source of phytochemicals with antibacterial potential, and particle-size reduction may modify dispersion and measured in vitro activity. This study evaluated the operational minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethanol extract and a size-reduced ("nano extract") preparation of durian peel against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods: The ethanol extract was prepared by maceration with 96% ethanol; 30 g of the same extract was homogenized at 1,700 rpm for 1 h and ultrasonicated for 1 h. Particle size, phytochemical screening, broth absorbance at 600 nm, qualitative subculture, and disk diffusion were evaluated in triplicate (n=3). Inhibition-zone data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean particle size was 645.72 nm. Operational MIC values were 6.25% for the ethanol extract and 0.625% for the nano extract, while no growth after subculture was observed at 50% and 5%, respectively. Mean inhibition zones ranged from 6.6-14.5 mm and 8.3-18.3 mm, with significant concentration-related differences within each series (p<0.001). Discussion and conclusion: The size-reduced preparation reached inhibitory endpoints at lower nominal concentrations within its test series. However, final concentrations were not analytically verified, and optical interference and qualitative bactericidal endpoints limit direct inference of intrinsic potency. These findings support in vitro antibacterial activity but do not establish a quantified increase in potency or a reduction in therapeutic dose
Formulasi dan uji aktivitas antibakteri mouthwash nanoekstrak daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Escherichia coli Khairil Azhari Nasution; Gabena Indriyani Dalimunthe; Minda Sari Lubis; Haris Munandar Nasution
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1942

Abstract

Basil leaf extract is a promising botanical ingredient for antibacterial mouthwash development. This study formulated a mouthwash containing size-processed basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaf extract and evaluated its physicochemical characteristics and in vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. Dried leaf powder was macerated with 96% ethanol; the concentrated extract was subsequently homogenized and ultrasonicated, yielding a mean particle size of 424.9 nm before formulation. Mouthwashes containing 5%, 10%, and 15% w/v extract were assessed for organoleptic characteristics, pH, four-week visual stability, and antibacterial activity by disc diffusion (n = 3 per group). Mean inhibition-zone diameters for the 5%, 10%, and 15% formulations were 9.27, 11.63, and 16.33 mm against S. mutans and 9.77, 12.07, and 17.03 mm against E. coli, respectively. The extract-free vehicle produced no inhibition zone, whereas the commercial mouthwash comparator produced larger zones than the test formulations. Omnibus analyses identified differences among groups, and post-hoc analyses were used to characterize pairwise patterns. The 15% formulation produced the largest mean inhibition zones among the extract-containing mouthwashes and maintained its organoleptic characteristics during four weeks of observation. These findings support further formulation development, while longer-term stability, antibiofilm activity, and oral-mucosal safety require additional investigation.
Co-Authors Alvin Pratama Anisa Sabila Bunga Violetta Zulkaroza Fithri Pulungan, Ainil Gabena Indriyani Dalimunthe Intan Sabila Putri Purba Khairil Azhari Nasution Lubis, Minda Sari Muhammad Amin Nasution Rafita Yuniarti Revi Mariska Ritonga Ridwanto Ridwanto Supiyani Supiyani Tahnia Maulidya Toni Andareas Sitompul Yayuk Putri Rahayu Yayuk Putri Rahayu Zulmai Rani