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All Journal Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Agrivet: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian dan Peternakan
Lidya Foni
Universitas Nusa Cendana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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The Evaluation of In Vitro Digestibility Methods of Separation and Extrusion of Palm Kernel Cake as Raw Material for Poultry Feed Lidya Foni; Heri Ahmad Sukria Sukria; Yuli Retnani; Sazli Tutur Risyahadi Risyahadi
Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology
Publisher : Animal Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, Universitas Timor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32938/jtast.v8i2.10764

Abstract

Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a year-round by-product of the palm oil industry that is affordable and rich in protein nutrients. However, the main obstacle to utilizing PKC is its high shell fraction, which results in high crude fiber content and low nutrient digestibility in poultry. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro digestibility of PKC processed through separation and extrusion methods as poultry feed ingredients. There were three treatments with four replicates, namely P1 (untreated PKC), P2 (sifted PKC), and P3 (PKC resulting from a combination of sifting and extrusion). The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect (p<0.05) on nutrient digestibility. The sieving treatment resulted in higher crude protein digestibility compared to the other two treatments, while the combination of sieving and extrusion increased crude fiber digestibility but was not significantly different from the sieving treatment. Processing PKC through screening or a combination of screening and extrusion can increase crude protein and crude fiber digestibility in vitro. However, the highest crude protein digestibility was obtained in the screening treatment.
Potensi Putak (Corypha utan Lamk) sebagai sumber pati lokal untuk binder wafer pakan: kajian literatur terhadap sifat kimia dan aplikasinya Lidya Foni; Isma Sandune Paembonan
Agrivet : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian dan Peternakan (Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Veteriner) Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Majalengka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31949/agrivet.v13i2.16642

Abstract

Putak (Corypha utan Lamk) is a locally abundant starch source in Eastern Indonesia with emerging potential as a functional binder for feed wafer production. This study aims to analyze the chemical properties of putak starch and its role as a binder in feed wafer production, and to compare it with other commonly used binding materials. The study was conducted using a descriptive approach based on various scientific publications obtained from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases using the keywords: “adhesive, Corypha utan, feed wafer, gelatinization, physical quality, putak, and binder”. This review summarizes current evidence on the chemical composition and techno-functional properties of putak starch in relation to binder performance requirements. Putak contains high carbohydrate levels (85–87%) and substantial starch content (64–67%), with an amylose–amylopectin ratio comparable to tapioca and sago. These characteristics support desirable functional behaviours, including gelatinisation ability. Comparative literature shows that starch-based binders consistently improve physical qualities, including wafer durability index (WDI), density, impact resistance, total solubility, and water absorption. Given its beneficial properties and local availability, putak represents a promising sustainable alternative to commercial starch binders. Further focused studies are needed to determine binding efficiency and storage stability.
Co-Authors Heri Ahmad Sukria Sukria Isma Sandune Paembonan Sazli Tutur Risyahadi Risyahadi Yuli Retnani