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All Journal Jurnal El-Thawalib Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia Jurnal El-Thawalib
Fadhli Muhaimin Ishaq
Universitas Pamulang
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Restorative Justice in Islamic Criminal Law: A Comparative Study of Diyat and Modern Victimology Muhammad Jaelani; Fadhli Muhaimin Ishaq; Muhammad Yusuf
Jurnal El-Thawalib Vol 7, No 3 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i3.19666

Abstract

Contemporary criminal justice systems, largely influenced by retributive penal theory, have been criticized for their limited capacity to address victims’ interests. Indonesian positive law, including Law No. 31 of 2014 on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Law No. 20 of 2025 on Criminal Procedure Law, also continues to exhibit normative gaps in victim-centered justice mechanisms. This article examines diyat in fiqh jinayah as an instrument of restorative justice and analyzes its contribution to the development of Islamic victimology within contemporary criminal law. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Primary legal sources consist of the Qur’an, Hadith, and classical fiqh jinayah literature, while secondary sources include legislation, international legal instruments, books, and scholarly journal articles. Data were collected through library research and analyzed using qualitative descriptive and comparative methods. The study identifies four major contributions of diyat to contemporary victimology. First, diyat provides structural compensation guarantees through the institution of ‘aqilah, which distributes financial responsibility collectively. Second, it recognizes victim autonomy as a juridical right through haqq al-adami, granting determinative authority to victims or their legal heirs. Third, the mechanism of ‘afw (forgiveness) incorporates moral and relational restoration beyond conventional restitution. Fourth, diyat institutionalizes community participation through ‘aqilah and ‘asabiyyah (social solidarity). These principles constitute a coherent framework of Islamic victimology compatible with universal restorative justice principles and relevant to Indonesia’s criminal justice reform.
Restorative Justice in Islamic Criminal Law: A Comparative Study of Diyat and Modern Victimology Muhammad Jaelani; Fadhli Muhaimin Ishaq; Muhammad Yusuf
Jurnal El-Thawalib Vol 7, No 3 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/el-thawalib.v7i3.19666

Abstract

Contemporary criminal justice systems, largely influenced by retributive penal theory, have been criticized for their limited capacity to address victims’ interests. Indonesian positive law, including Law No. 31 of 2014 on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Law No. 20 of 2025 on Criminal Procedure Law, also continues to exhibit normative gaps in victim-centered justice mechanisms. This article examines diyat in fiqh jinayah as an instrument of restorative justice and analyzes its contribution to the development of Islamic victimology within contemporary criminal law. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Primary legal sources consist of the Qur’an, Hadith, and classical fiqh jinayah literature, while secondary sources include legislation, international legal instruments, books, and scholarly journal articles. Data were collected through library research and analyzed using qualitative descriptive and comparative methods. The study identifies four major contributions of diyat to contemporary victimology. First, diyat provides structural compensation guarantees through the institution of ‘aqilah, which distributes financial responsibility collectively. Second, it recognizes victim autonomy as a juridical right through haqq al-adami, granting determinative authority to victims or their legal heirs. Third, the mechanism of ‘afw (forgiveness) incorporates moral and relational restoration beyond conventional restitution. Fourth, diyat institutionalizes community participation through ‘aqilah and ‘asabiyyah (social solidarity). These principles constitute a coherent framework of Islamic victimology compatible with universal restorative justice principles and relevant to Indonesia’s criminal justice reform.
Rekonstruksi Norma Upaya Hukum terhadap Putusan Bebas dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia Rini Indhyra Khumaerah; Fadhli Muhaimin Ishaq
Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Published 30 Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Suryakancana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35194/jhmj.v12i1.6207

Abstract

Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP 2025) sejak 2 Januari 2026 menandai perubahan fundamental dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia, khususnya mengenai upaya hukum terhadap putusan bebas. Berbeda dengan KUHAP 1981 yang melahirkan perdebatan panjang dan dipengaruhi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 114/PUU-X/2012, KUHAP 2025 membangun rezim baru yang secara sistematis menutup seluruh upaya hukum terhadap putusan bebas. Namun, ketiadaan norma pelarangan banding secara tersurat dalam Pasal 244 menimbulkan sengketa tafsir dalam praktik peradilan, sebagaimana tercermin dalam perkara Amsal Christy Sitepu dan Delpedro Marhaen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif-doktrinal dengan pendekatan hermeneutika hukum melalui penafsiran gramatikal, sistematis, historis, dan teleologis, serta perbandingan hukum dengan Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Belanda, dan Jerman. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa putusan bebas dalam KUHAP 2025 berkekuatan hukum tetap sejak diucapkan, tanpa upaya banding maupun kasasi, berdasarkan Pasal 244 ayat (4), Pasal 299 ayat (2) huruf a, dan Pasal 361 huruf c KUHAP 2025.
Co-Authors Muhammad Jaelani Muhammad Yusuf Rini Indhyra Khumaerah