Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Journal of Power, Energy, and Control Applied Engineering, Innovation, and Technology
Emmanuel Osei-Kwame
Norfolk State University, United States
Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Advanced Control Strategies for Frequency Stabilization of a Synchronous Generator in a Modern Grid Yaw Amankrah Sam-Okyere; Emmanuel Osei-Kwame; Isaac Papa Kwesi Arkorful; Ebenezer Armah; Nutifafa Tsikata
Journal of Power, Energy, and Control Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/pec.v3i1.92

Abstract

The stability and reliability of modern power systems are critically dependent on maintaining a nominal frequency. The increasing integration of non-synchronous renewable energy sources (RES) has led to a significant reduction in system inertia, making the grid more susceptible to rapid frequency excursions and a high Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) following disturbances. This research investigates frequency stabilization of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus, modeled through the swing equation and linearized at the unstable operating point. A state-space representation of the system is derived, and its controllability and observability are verified to enable modern control design. Two approaches are implemented: full-state feedback (FSF) and observer-based output feedback using a Luenberger observer. Controller gains are designed via pole placement to achieve desired closed-loop dynamics, while observer poles are chosen to be faster to ensure rapid state estimation. Simulation results demonstrate that both controllers stabilize the otherwise unstable generator, with the observer-based feedback offering faster frequency recovery when only partial state measurements are available. A comparative analysis of rotor angle and frequency trajectories shows that FSF ensures robustness when full measurements are accessible. At the same time, the observer-based design provides a practical solution under realistic measurement limitations. The results confirm that advanced control strategies can effectively stabilize low-inertia power systems.
Future Directions in Semiconductor Processing: Scaling, Integration, and the Sustainability Imperative Ramatu Al-hassan; Edmun Dasori Azundow; Yaw Amankrah Sam-Okyere; Emmanuel Osei-Kwame; Nii Ayitey Freddie Aryee
Applied Engineering, Innovation, and Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/aeit.v3i1.97

Abstract

The global semiconductor industry has navigated a period of intense innovation and systemic challenges between 2020 and 2025. Driven by the exponential demands of Artificial Intelligence (AI), 5G/6G communication, and high-performance computing (HPC), the sector has pursued a dual strategy of continued transistor scaling and sophisticated heterogeneous integration. This review systematically analyzes the critical advancements and challenges within this period. We detail the fundamental architectural shift from FinFET to Gate-All-Around (GAA) transistors, enabling the 3-nanometer (nm) and 2-nm nodes, and the adoption of Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography for High-Volume Manufacturing (HVM). Concurrently, advanced packaging techniques, such as hybrid bonding and the standardization of chiplet architectures via the Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express (UCIe), have emerged as indispensable means to circumvent planar scaling limits. Economically, the industry has contended with escalating capital expenditure (CapEx) and the severe global chip shortage (2020–2023), prompting widespread government intervention, notably through the U.S. CHIPS Act and the EU Chips Act. Crucially, the review addresses the intensifying sustainability mandate, examining the challenges posed by high-Global Warming Potential (GWP) gas emissions, soaring water consumption, and the necessary transition toward circular economy principles within the fabrication environment. The findings underscore that future progress is contingent upon balancing relentless performance demands with resilient supply chains and comprehensive environmental stewardship.
Internet of Things (IoT) Based Fire Detection and Suppression System Dienatu Issaka; Yaw Amankrah Sam-Okyere; Emmanuel Osei-Kwame
Applied Engineering, Innovation, and Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/aeit.v2i2.70

Abstract

Fire incidents cause significant threats to life and property, particularly in critical infrastructure. This research presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based fire detection and suppression system featuring real-time monitoring and scalable sensor integration. The system integrates an ATmega328p microcontroller, RF transceivers, flame and smoke sensors, NodeMCU (ESP8266), solenoid valves, relays, a jockey pump, and water sprinklers. Sensor fusion ensures high detection accuracy, triggering suppression only upon simultaneous smoke and flame detection to minimize false positives. Communication between transceivers controls the pump operation, while the NodeMCU transmits sensor data to a remote web server via Wi-Fi for continuous monitoring. When a fire is detected by the sensors, the controller promptly activates the fire alarm system, which in turn triggers the jockey pump to discharge water through the sprinkler system at the affected locations.
Control Strategy Assessment: PID and Fuzzy-PID for Compound DC Motor Systems Yaw Amankrah Sam-Okyere; Emmanuel Osei-Kwame; Dienatu Issaka; Isaac Papa Kwesi Arkorful
Journal of Power, Energy, and Control Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/pec.v2i2.74

Abstract

Compound DC motors, prized for their high torque and speed in industrial applications, demand robust control under nonlinear conditions. This study advances the field of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface (ANFIS) by comparing a Ziegler-Nichols-tuned Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller with a novel ANFIS-PID controller for a compound DC motor. Unlike prior work, the research focuses on the unique dynamics of compound motors for real-time applications. Using MATLAB Simulink simulations. Performance was assessed via overshoot, rise time, settling time, and steady-state error under no-load and full-load conditions. The PID controller yielded 11.789% overshoot, 1.140s rise time, and 2.251s settling time, while the ANFIS-PID achieved 6.989% overshoot, 0.951s rise time, and 1.962s settling time, with a 50% lower steady-state error. These results, validated across 10 runs (p < 0.05), highlight the ANFIS-PID’s superior adaptability to the motor’s series-shunt dynamics, offering a 40.7% overshoot reduction.
Distributed RFID–GSM Warning Architecture for Railway Safety: Design and Evaluation in Resource-Constrained Environment Billy Sam; Yaw Amankrah Sam-Okyere; Emmanuel Osei-Kwame; Wisdom Elikplim Korkortsi; Daniel Goddard Brookman; Ramatu Al-hasan
Applied Engineering, Innovation, and Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/aeit.v3i1.96

Abstract

Railway safety in resource-constrained environments, such as Ghana's degraded rail network, faces significant challenges due to obsolete infrastructure, single-track operations, and reliance on human vigilance, leading to high rates of collisions and level-crossing accidents. This study proposes a distributed RFID-GSM warning architecture as a low-cost, decentralized solution independent of legacy signaling systems. The system deploys stationary sensor nodes along rail approaches, utilizing RC522 RFID modules for precise train detection at 30 km, 20 km, and 10 km zones from critical junctions. An ATmega328P microcontroller processes detection triggers, activating hierarchical alerts: SMS notifications via SIM800L GSM for remote warnings at farther zones, and local actuators (buzzer and LED) for immediate intervention at 10 km. The design emphasizes affordability, simplicity, and robustness, leveraging existing cellular networks to mitigate human errors without requiring infrastructure upgrades. The architecture was modeled and simulated in Proteus Professional software, demonstrating accurate sequential detection, SMS transmission, and actuator activation. Reliability metrics, including detection probability (>90% within optimal range), SMS latency (3-8 seconds), and on-time delivery, confirm viability in low-speed, remote settings. Comparative analysis highlights advantages over GPS, LoRaWAN, or track circuits in cost and deployability. This approach provides a scalable digital safety layer, enhancing operational resilience and reducing accident risks in developing regions' marginalized rail networks.
Co-Authors Billy Sam Daniel Goddard Brookman Dienatu Issaka Ebenezer Armah Edmun Dasori Azundow Isaac Papa Kwesi Arkorful Nii Ayitey Freddie Aryee Nutifafa Tsikata Ramatu Al-hasan Ramatu Al-hassan Wisdom Elikplim Korkortsi Yaw Amankrah Sam-Okyere Yaw Amankrah Sam-Okyere