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All Journal Journal of Power, Energy, and Control Applied Engineering, Innovation, and Technology
Ramatu Al-hassan
Middle Tennessee State University, United States
Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Future Directions in Semiconductor Processing: Scaling, Integration, and the Sustainability Imperative Ramatu Al-hassan; Edmun Dasori Azundow; Yaw Amankrah Sam-Okyere; Emmanuel Osei-Kwame; Nii Ayitey Freddie Aryee
Applied Engineering, Innovation, and Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/aeit.v3i1.97

Abstract

The global semiconductor industry has navigated a period of intense innovation and systemic challenges between 2020 and 2025. Driven by the exponential demands of Artificial Intelligence (AI), 5G/6G communication, and high-performance computing (HPC), the sector has pursued a dual strategy of continued transistor scaling and sophisticated heterogeneous integration. This review systematically analyzes the critical advancements and challenges within this period. We detail the fundamental architectural shift from FinFET to Gate-All-Around (GAA) transistors, enabling the 3-nanometer (nm) and 2-nm nodes, and the adoption of Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography for High-Volume Manufacturing (HVM). Concurrently, advanced packaging techniques, such as hybrid bonding and the standardization of chiplet architectures via the Universal Chiplet Interconnect Express (UCIe), have emerged as indispensable means to circumvent planar scaling limits. Economically, the industry has contended with escalating capital expenditure (CapEx) and the severe global chip shortage (2020–2023), prompting widespread government intervention, notably through the U.S. CHIPS Act and the EU Chips Act. Crucially, the review addresses the intensifying sustainability mandate, examining the challenges posed by high-Global Warming Potential (GWP) gas emissions, soaring water consumption, and the necessary transition toward circular economy principles within the fabrication environment. The findings underscore that future progress is contingent upon balancing relentless performance demands with resilient supply chains and comprehensive environmental stewardship.
A Review of Renewable Energy Policy and Implementation in Nigeria and Ghana Dasori Azundow Edmund; Wisdom Elikplim Korkortsi; Ramatu Al-hassan; Collins Dormena; Gloria Opoku Darkoh
Journal of Power, Energy, and Control Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/pec.v3i1.90

Abstract

The global energy transition, driven by the imperatives of climate change mitigation and the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), is particularly significant for developing nations in West Africa. This review article synthesizes and critically analyzes the literature on renewable energy policy adoption and implementation in Nigeria and Ghana, two nations with abundant solar, wind, and hydropower resources. The analysis reveals a central thesis: while both countries are committed to a sustainable energy transition, their progress is dictated by divergent institutional, financial, and technical factors. Ghana's more cohesive policy framework and proactive grid upgrades have enabled a higher renewable energy share and more effective project deployment, but it is still constrained by financial and enforcement gaps. In contrast, Nigeria's vast renewable energy potential is significantly underutilized due to a fragmented regulatory framework, underinvestment, and systemic infrastructure deficiencies. This review identifies key research and policy gaps, including the absence of detailed long-term socio-economic modeling and in-depth analysis of tailored financial mechanisms.
Design and Automation of a PLC-Based Dust Suppression System for Mineral Processing Plants Moses Kwesi Annan; Isaac Papa Kwesi Arkorful; Ramatu Al-hassan
Applied Engineering, Innovation, and Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : MSD Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62777/aeit.v3i1.98

Abstract

Excessive dust generation in mineral processing and crushing plants poses serious occupational and environmental health challenges. Prolonged exposure to fine particulate matter—particularly Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and Particulate Matter below 10 µm (PM₁₀)—has been linked to respiratory diseases and reduced air quality in surrounding areas. Dust concentration data collected over a nine-year period revealed that approximately 20 % of TSP values exceeded the 150 µg/m³ safety limit, while 25 % of PM₁₀ readings surpassed the 70 µg/m³ threshold, with peak levels reaching over 300 µg/m³ during dry months. These findings underscore the need for continuous and responsive dust control in processing environments. This study presents the design and simulation of an automated dust suppression system using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) integrated with dust and water-level sensors. Developed in RSLogix 500 and visualized in LabVIEW, the system automatically detects hazardous dust levels and activates low-pressure water spray nozzles in 15-second suppression cycles, with dust concentration re-checked after each cycle until levels fall below safe thresholds. MATLAB was employed to analyze nine years of historical dust concentration data and establish the threshold parameters used to configure the PLC control logic. Simulation results demonstrate reliable real-time monitoring, automated threshold-triggered suppression, and elimination of manual intervention in dust concentration control. The proposed automation framework provides a scalable solution for improving air-quality compliance, worker safety, and operational efficiency in mineral processing facilities.
Co-Authors Collins Dormena Dasori Azundow Edmund Edmun Dasori Azundow Emmanuel Osei-Kwame Gloria Opoku Darkoh Isaac Papa Kwesi Arkorful Moses Kwesi Annan Nii Ayitey Freddie Aryee Wisdom Elikplim Korkortsi Yaw Amankrah Sam-Okyere