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All Journal TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal Jurnal Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Raihan Maulana Gibran
Universitas Bengkulu
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Other

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Starlink dan Tantangan Kedaulatan Ruang Udara Digital Indonesia dalam Perspektif Hukum Udara dan Hukum Angkasa Hafizah Nurul Izzati; Ashar Fawazy; Raihan Maulana Gibran
Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : GLOBAL SCIENTS PUBLISHER

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Abstract

The development of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems such as Starlink has transformed global internet services while challenging state sovereignty, particularly in Indonesia’s airspace and digital domain. This study analyzes the implications of Starlink on digital airspace sovereignty from the perspectives of air law and space law, as well as existing legal frameworks and possible solutions. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the findings reveal that the absence of a clear boundary between airspace and outer space creates jurisdictional ambiguity and weakens state control over cross-border data flows. In addition, the dominance of private actors in orbital and frequency control risks inequality for developing countries. Therefore, sovereignty must be reconstructed as a multidimensional concept, supported by adaptive legal reforms at both national and international levels.
Inconsistencies Between the Digital RDTR and Building Permits (PBG): Legal Analysis of Implementation Conflicts in the OSS-RBA System After the Enactment of UU Cipta Kerja Hafizah Nurul Izzati; Raihan Maulana Gibran; Ashar Fawazy; Desi Hafizah
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/tofedu.v5i2.1761

Abstract

The implementation of the OSS-RBA system following the enactment of UU Cipta Kerja was intended to simplify and accelerate business licensing in Indonesia. However, the issuance of Building Approval Permits (PBG) through OSS-RBA often conflicts with the Digital Detailed Spatial Plan (RDTR), which should function as the main instrument of spatial control. This study aims to analyze the legal relationship between digital RDTR and PBG issuance, identify the causes of inconsistency, and formulate an integration model to ensure legal certainty. This research uses a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials consist of legislation, books, journals, and related references, analyzed descriptively. The results show that RDTR remains the primary legal basis for determining spatial conformity, while PBG must comply with spatial planning rules and technical building standards. Inconsistencies occur due to limited digital RDTR availability, regulatory disharmony, overlapping authority between central and regional governments, and weak coordination. These conditions may cause PBG to be administratively valid but problematic in spatial terms. Therefore, stronger integration between RDTR and OSS-RBA is required through data synchronization, regulatory harmonization, stronger regional verification, and effective supervision. This is necessary to ensure efficient licensing, legal certainty, and good governance.
Socialization of Household Waste Management through the Production of Ecopaving Blocks and Biopore Compost in Lubuk Gilang Village, Air Periukan District, Seluma Regency Varik Farsyak; Nurul Iman Supardi; Raihan Maulana Gibran; Rahmat Faiz Tri Gunawan; Ridho Saputra; Muhammad Zaky
The Future of Education Journal Vol 5 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Lembaga Penerbitan dan Publikasi Ilmiah Yayasan Pendidikan Tumpuan Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61445/tofedu.v5i3.2255

Abstract

Household waste is the largest contributor to national waste generation, accounting for approximately 50.8 percent of the total waste composition in 2024 (GoodStats Data 2025). A similar condition is found in Lubuk Gilang Village, Air Periukan District, Seluma Regency, where most residents still manage household waste conventionally through open burning or dumping on vacant land due to the limited availability of waste transport and processing facilities at the village level. This Community Service Program (KKN) aims to increase public understanding and awareness of the importance of household waste management through socialization activities, as well as to provide practical skills in converting waste into useful products, namely ecopaving blocks from plastic waste and biopore compost from organic waste. The implementation method consisted of field surveys, socialization through lectures and interactive discussions, demonstrations and hands-on training in producing ecopaving blocks and biopore compost, and monitoring and evaluation of the outcomes. The results show that the socialization activity successfully increased community understanding of the risks of waste accumulation and burning, while the training in producing ecopaving blocks and biopore compost provided residents with practical skills to reduce plastic and organic waste volumes while generating useful, economically valuable products. This program is expected to serve as a sustainable, community-based waste management model for rural areas.
Co-Authors Ashar Fawazy Desi Hafizah Hafizah Nurul Izzati Muhammad Zaky Nurul Iman Supardi Rahmat Faiz Tri Gunawan Ridho Saputra Varik Farsyak