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All Journal Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Enigma in Education Enigma in Law
Firzan Dahlan
Department of History Science, Enigma Institute, Palembang, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences Other

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Archipelagic Consciousness: Reimagining National Identity Through Local and Maritime Histories in Indonesian Primary Education Firzan Dahlan; Grace Freya Purba; Farah Faiza; Amir Serikova; Danila Adi Sanjaya; Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Susi Diana; Christian Napitupulu; Maya Enderson; Emir Abdullah
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.93

Abstract

The formation of national identity in Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic state, has historically been dominated by a centralized, terrestrial-focused historical narrative that often marginalizes the rich diversity of local and maritime histories. This study addressed the gap in understanding how a pedagogical shift towards these histories could foster a more inclusive and interconnected sense of nationhood, termed 'Archipelagic Consciousness', among young learners. A quasi-experimental, mixed-methods study was conducted over one academic semester in four primary schools across Indonesia. A total of 180 fifth-grade students participated, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received a pedagogical intervention based on local hero narratives, inter-island trade routes, and project-based learning focused on maritime culture. Data were collected using a validated pre-test/post-test 'Archipelagic Consciousness Inventory' (ACI), supplemented by qualitative data from focus group discussions and student portfolio analysis. Quantitative data analysis revealed a statistically significant, large-effect-size improvement in the ACI scores for the experimental group compared to the control group. Qualitative findings corroborated these results, with major themes emerging that included the validation of local identity as integral to the national story, a conceptual shift from viewing the sea as a barrier to a connector, and an enhanced appreciation for inter-regional cultural diversity. In conclusion, the pedagogical model centered on local and maritime histories was highly effective in cultivating Archipelagic Consciousness. Integrating these narratives into primary education offers a potent pathway for reimagining Indonesian national identity as a dynamic, interconnected, and pluralistic tapestry, moving beyond a monolithic, land-based conception. This study provides empirical support for curriculum reform aimed at fostering a more resilient and inclusive national identity.
CultuSTEM: A Culture-Based Pedagogical Model for Fostering Creativity in Secondary STEM Classrooms Iis Sugandhi; Evelyn Wang; Firzan Dahlan
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i2.119

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of CultuSTEM, a culture-based pedagogical model integrating local culinary heritage with STEM education, in fostering creativity among secondary school students. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed with 136 Grade 10 students (68 experimental, 68 control) from two public secondary schools in Palembang, Indonesia. The experimental group participated in a 10-week CultuSTEM intervention comprising five thematic modules—fermentation science, thermal dynamics in traditional cooking, spice preservation chemistry, recipe scaling mathematics, and cooking tool engineering—each delivered through a four-phase instructional cycle: Cultural Immersion, Scientific Inquiry, Creative Challenge, and Reflective Synthesis. The Creative Thinking Skills Test, adapted from the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, served as the primary outcome measure. MANOVA results revealed a significant multivariate effect (Pillai’s V = 0.412, F(3,132) = 30.84, p < 0.001). ANCOVA analyses, with Bonferroni correction, confirmed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group on creative thinking (F(1,133) = 142.68, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.518), STEM achievement (F(1,133) = 78.42, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.371), and cultural appreciation (F(1,133) = 45.86, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.256). Hedges’ g effect sizes ranged from 0.76 to 1.31 across outcome variables, indicating large practical significance. These findings suggest that culturally grounded STEM instruction can substantially enhance creative thinking while simultaneously improving academic performance and cultural engagement.
Envisioning Prosperity: A Structural Model of Community-Based Transformational Leadership and Local Governance on Poverty Reduction (SDG 1) and Decent Work (SDG 8) in Indonesian Tourism Villages Idris Atmaja; Bhawani Singh; Dian Rahayu; Firzan Dahlan; Giselle Dupont
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i1.51

Abstract

Tourism Villages (Desa Wisata) are pivotal to Indonesia's rural development strategy, yet their success in achieving sustainable and inclusive growth is highly variable. The mechanisms through which local leadership translates into tangible development outcomes remain empirically underexplored. This study develops and tests a structural equation model (SEM) to examine the serial pathway from Community-Based Transformational Leadership (C-TL) to Local Governance (LG) quality, and subsequently, its impact on Poverty Reduction (SDG 1) and Decent Work (SDG 8). A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted. Data (N=500) were collected from community members (tourism awareness groups, village officials, SME owners) across 50 tourism villages in five major Indonesian provinces using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The proposed model, specifying LG as a mediator between C-TL and the SDG outcomes, was tested using covariance-based SEM. The measurement model confirmed the reliability and validity of the four latent constructs. The structural model demonstrated an excellent fit to the data (CMIN/DF = 2.74, CFI = 0.958, RMSEA = 0.051). Results indicated that C-TL has a robust, significant positive effect on LG (β = 0.78, p < 0.001). In turn, LG strongly and positively influenced both Poverty Reduction (β = 0.52, p < 0.001) and Decent Work (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis confirmed that LG fully mediates the relationship between C-TL and Poverty Reduction and partially mediates the relationship between C-TL and Decent Work. In conclusion, Local Governance is the primary mechanism through which the vision of transformational leaders is converted into equitable development outcomes in Indonesian tourism villages. A leader's good intentions are insufficient for poverty reduction without the parallel development of transparent, accountable, and effective governance structures.
Mandatory but Unverified: A Socio-Legal Analysis of ESG Disclosure Decoupling under POJK 51/2017 and ASEAN-5 Regimes Arya Ganendra; Grace Freya Purba; Firzan Dahlan
Enigma in Law Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Enigma in Law
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/law.v3i2.129

Abstract

Indonesian law makes corporate sustainability disclosure mandatory, yet doubt attends it: that firms produce the appearance of compliance, not its substance. This article turns that doubt into a legal question and a measurable test. Framed as empirical socio-legal research anchored in Article 74 of UU No. 40/2007 and POJK No. 51/POJK.03/2017, it distinguishes the breadth of what firms are legally induced to commit to from the depth to which commitments are verified, coding both from primary documents. A structured content analysis of the fiscal 2023–2024 sustainability reports of fifty large-cap firms — ten per ASEAN-5 market — scored fourteen binary indicators (six symbolic, eight substantive), with reliability confirmed by a blind second coder (Cohen's kappa 0.784). Symbolic commitment was near-saturated (mean 0.97) while substantive verification was uneven (0.74), producing a mean gap of +0.235; 78% of firms disclosed more than they verified. Decisively, the two dimensions were statistically independent (Spearman rho = 0.08, p = 0.57): the breadth of a firm's promises carried no information about their verification. The gap tracked regime maturity (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.002), rising from Singapore (0.07) to the Philippines (0.41), and shrank under state ownership, but was unrelated to environmental exposure. The binding constraint on credible compliance is therefore the legal demand for verification, not corporate ambition. The article assesses Indonesia's regime de lege lata and proposes three de lege ferenda reforms — mandatory external assurance, prescribed Scope 1–3 reporting, and enforced comparability with graduated sanctions — grounded in the 1945 Constitution and ISSB convergence.
Co-Authors Amir Serikova Arya Ganendra Bhawani Singh Christian Napitupulu Danila Adi Sanjaya Dedi Kusmanto Dian Rahayu Emir Abdullah Evelyn Wang Fachrudin Sani Farah Faiza Giselle Dupont Grace Freya Purba Hendri Safitri Idris Atmaja Iis Sugandhi Maya Enderson Susi Diana Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu