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The Effect of Thermostat Condition on Thermal Stability and Combustion Emission Efficiency in an Inline 4-Cylinder Gasoline Engine Agus Dwi Putra; Rangga Ega Santoso; Yayi Febdia Pradani; Diama Rizky Septiawan; Faqih Fadillah; Nicko Nur Rakhmaddian
RING ME Vol 6 No 1 (2026): RING Mechanical Engineering
Publisher : Universitas Islam Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/rme.v6i1.25320

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of thermostat conditions on thermal stability and exhaust emission efficiency in a 1,300 cc inline 4-cylinder gasoline engine. The novelty of this research lies in the integrated evaluation of thermostat removal and thermostat failure on both engine temperature stability and combustion emissions under identical operating conditions. A quantitative experimental method was applied using three thermostat conditions: normal thermostat, without thermostat, and clogged/damaged thermostat. Cooling system temperature and exhaust emissions (CO, HC, and CO₂) were measured at idle speed (800–1000 rpm) for 10 minutes with 2-minute intervals. The data were analyzed using descriptive comparative statistical analysis. The results show that the normal thermostat maintained the most stable operating temperature, reaching 95.8°C at the 8th minute. In contrast, the engine without a thermostat experienced unstable temperature increases and reached 93.4°C at the 10th minute, while the clogged thermostat condition produced the highest temperature of 96.6°C, indicating overheating potential. Removing the thermostat increased CO emissions from 0.01% to 0.04% and HC emissions from 31.7 ppm to 52.3 ppm. These findings confirm that thermostat condition significantly affects engine thermal stability and combustion efficiency; therefore, thermostat removal is not recommended.
On-Board Diagnostic Tool menggunakan Mikrokontroler pada Kendaraan Listrik (EV) Terintegrasi dengan Speedometer Zakiyah Amalia; Achsanul Khabib; Talifatim Machfuroh; Fica Aida Nadhifatul Aini; Diama Rizky Septiawan; Siti Duratun Nasiqiati Rosady; Ahsani Maulidina
Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): JASENS Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026) : Vol. 07 No. 01, Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Society of Applied Science (ISAS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52158/zgs4tv61

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming a growing environmentally friendly transportation solution, but they still require an efficient and easily accessible vehicle condition monitoring system. Electric motorcycle users often experience difficulties in directly knowing the condition of the battery, motor, and drive system. Based on these problems, this study aims to develop an On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) system integrated with a speedometer to monitor the main parameters of two-wheeled electric vehicles in real-time. The research method includes designing a microcontroller-based system connected to a motor controller via UART and Controller Area Network (CAN) communication. The system is equipped with a DS3231 RTC module for time markers, an SD Card for data storage, and a 20x4 LCD to display voltage, current, power, temperature, and fault status (fault code). Testing was conducted on the Graha Merjosari Asri–Greenland at Tidar, Malang route, with speed variations between 0–45 km/h. The results show that the system is capable of detecting undervoltage conditions below 60 V, maintaining a stable maximum temperature of 41°C without overheating, and displaying vehicle data accurately and responsively. The developed OBD-speedometer system functions effectively as a portable and economical diagnostic tool for electric two-wheeled vehicles, with potential for development into an IoT-based intelligent monitoring system.