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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Research and Development Student Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara
Joice Jane Umboh
Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon
Religion Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Antara Perlindungan dan Risiko: Analisis Normatif terhadap Kerugian Institusional dalam Kontrak LPK–PMI Liony Leontin Mongi; Joice Jane Umboh; Pingkan Dewi Kaunang; Nita C. Ganap; Kristiane Paendong
JURNAL ILMIAH NUSANTARA Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara Mei 2026
Publisher : CV. KAMPUS AKADEMIK PUBLISING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61722/jinu.v3i3.9866

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji secara kritis ketimpangan kontraktual dalam perjanjian pra-penempatan antara Lembaga Pelatihan Kerja (LPK) dan calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Meskipun kerangka regulasi menitikberatkan pada perlindungan PMI, orientasi tersebut secara tidak langsung menimbulkan blind spot dengan mengabaikan kerentanan hukum dan ekonomi LPK sebagai aktor institusional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analitis, serta mengintegrasikan teori keadilan kontraktual (Atiyah dan Rawls), analisis ekonomi hukum (Posner), dan teori kontrak relasional (Macneil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian LPK–PMI secara formal memenuhi syarat sah kontrak, namun secara substantif mengalami ketidakseimbangan dan lemahnya daya paksa. Orientasi perlindungan yang berlebihan terhadap PMI menyebabkan distribusi risiko yang tidak proporsional, sehingga LPK menanggung beban finansial tanpa jaminan perlindungan hukum yang memadai. Kondisi ini memicu moral hazard, menurunkan efisiensi ekonomi, serta melemahkan kepercayaan dalam hubungan kontraktual. Selain itu, ketiadaan mekanisme normatif yang jelas terkait penegakan klausul penggantian biaya menunjukkan adanya kekosongan hukum. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan rekonstruksi kerangka hukum dan kontraktual berbasis keseimbangan risiko dan perlindungan proporsional. Diperlukan pergeseran paradigma dari pendekatan protektif yang sepihak menuju pendekatan perlindungan yang seimbang (balanced protection approach), guna menjamin keadilan, efisiensi, dan keberlanjutan sistem penempatan pekerja migran Indonesia.
Optimalisasi Pajak Daerah sebagai Instrumen Hukum dalam Penguatan Kemandirian Fiskal Pemerintah Daerah Nita Cicilia Ganap; Shintia AlverniaG. Gijoh; Kristiane Aprilia Paendong; Joice Jane Umboh; Cindy Mariam M. Rantung
JURNAL ILMIAH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDENT Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Februari : Jurnal Ilmiah Research and Development Student
Publisher : CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59024/jis.v4i1.1684

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the optimization of local taxes as a legal instrument in realizing the fiscal independence of local governments and to examine the juridical factors that hinder their implementation in regional governance. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. The legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources analyzed qualitatively through descriptive-analytical and prescriptive methods. The results show that local taxes hold a strategic role in strengthening regional fiscal capacity, supporting the effectiveness of regional autonomy, and enhancing regional development based on fiscal decentralization. The optimization of local taxes can be achieved through strengthening local tax regulations, digitalizing tax administration systems, improving law enforcement quality, and developing public tax awareness. However, the implementation of local taxes still faces several juridical obstacles, including regulatory disharmony, weak law enforcement, low quality of local regulations, limited capacity of local government officials, and low public trust in local tax management. Therefore, legal reform of local taxation based on transparency, accountability, and good local governance is essential to support the fiscal independence of local governments and sustainable national development..
Co-Authors Cindy Mariam M. Rantung Kristiane A. Paendong Kristiane Aprilia Paendong Liony Leontin Mongi Nita C. Ganap Nita Cicilia Ganap Pingkan Dewi Kaunang Shintia AlverniaG. Gijoh