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Penerapan Prinsip Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Dalam Memerangi Tindak Pidana Siber Rusdianto Rusdianto; Muh. Risnain
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v1i1.2532

Abstract

This research aims to determine the development of the regulation of extraterritorial jurisdiction principles in combating cybercrime and the application of extraterritorial jurisdiction principles. The research method used is normative research. The approach used is statutory, historical, and conceptual. The sources of legal material used are primary, secondary, and tertiary. The legal material collection technique used is in the form of library data. The analysis of legal materials used is a qualitative analysis method. The study result shows that the development of the principle of extraterritorial jurisdiction regulation began with the birth of rules in background paper documents, then the emergence of the 1996 European Council regulations. Applying the principle of extraterritorial jurisdiction is urgently needed in combating criminal acts when cases intersect with state jurisdiction. So that a country can choose jurisdictional principles that can apply in resolving cases, such as the example of the case conducted by Abraham Ben Moses in the United States. Namely, law enforcement can be carried out in Indonesia based on active national principles and protection principles following the ITE Law and the Criminal Code.
Analisis Perjanjian Pengelolaan Wilayah Udara (Flight Information Region) Antara Indonesia dan Singapura Menurut Hukum Internasional Fatona Mithalina Mithalina; Muh. Risnain; Zunnuraeni
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v1i1.2579

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis 1) Apakah perjanjian FIR tahun 2022 antara Indonesia dan Singapura telah sesuai dengan hukum internasional, dan 2) Apakah perjanjian bilateral tahun 2022 yang disahkan melalui Perpres Nomor 109 Tahun 2022 telah sesuai dengan hukum nasional Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah perundang-undangan, historis, dan konseptual. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang diperoleh melalui telaah studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perjanjian Bilateral FIR antara Indonesia dan Singapura tahun 2022 tidak mereflesikan aturan yang sesuai dalam Konvensi Chicago 1944 dan Annex 11. Indonesia sebagai negara pemilik kedaulatan memiliki hak untuk menolak mendelegasikan pengelolaan FIR kepada Singapura. Selain itu, Peraturan Presiden Nomor 109 Tahun 2022 tidak sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan . Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 2009 mengharuskan Indonesia mengambilalih FIR kepulauan Riau dan Natuna yang nyatanya masih dikelola sebagian besar oleh Singapura dalam jangka waktu 25 tahun mendatang. Dalam hal ini pendelegasian kewenangan kepada Singapura tersebut telah melanggar kedaulatan Indonesia yang bersifat penuh dan eksklusif. Aturan nasional Indonesia juga tidak memberikan kepastian hukum dalam penegakkan kedaulatan dan keamanan wilayah udara Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna. Hal ini ditandai dengan disahkannya Perpres Nomor 109 Tahun 2022 oleh Pemerintah yang harusnya menggunakan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagaimana yang telah ditentukan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2000. Oleh karena itu pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kementrian Perhubungan dan TNI AU mestinya mengkaji ulang perjanjian bilateral tahun 2022 dengan pemerintah Singapura. Masalah FIR kemudian dapat dijadikan bahan acuan bagi kalangan akademisi dan generasi mendatang untuk mempersiapkan diri menjadi orang yang profesional di bidangnya agar suatu hari dapat membela bangsa Indonesia dari segala bentuk masalah, termasuk problematika yang sedang kita hadapi saat ini mengenai ruang udara kepulauan Riau dan Natuna. Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Bilateral; Flight Information Region; Kepulauan Riau; dan Natuna. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze 1). Is the 2022 FIR agreement between Indonesia and Singapore following international law? 2). Is the 2022 bilateral agreement ratified through Presidential Decree Number 109 of 2022 following Indonesia national law? The research method used is normative legal research. The approach used is statutory, historical, and conceptual. The sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary, and tertiary data obtained through a literature study. The study results show that the Bilateral FIR Agreement between Indonesia and Singapore in 2022 does not reflect the rules in the 1944 Chicago Convention and Annex 11. Indonesia is a sovereign country and has the right to refuse to delegate the management of FIR to Singapore. In addition, Presidential Regulation Number 109 of 2022 is not following the mandate of Law Number 1 0f 2009 concerning Aviation. Law No.1 of 2009 requires Indonesia to take over the FIR of the Riau and Natuna islands. Singapore still managed the FIR of these regions in the next 25 years. Therefore, the delegation of authority to Singapore has violated the exclusive and full soveregnty of Indonesia. National regulations do not provide legal certainty in upholding the sovereignty and security of the airspace above the Riau islands and Natuna. The legal uncertainty is marked by the ratification of the FIR Agreement year 2022 using Presidential Regulation Number 109 of 2022, instead, it should be ratified by statutory regulations as stipulated in Law Number 24 of 2000. Therefore, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Transportation and the Indonesian Air Force should review the bilateral agreement year 2022 with the Singapore government. The FIR issue can then be used as reference material for academics and future generations to prepare themselves to become profesionals in their fields so that one day they can defend the Indonesian nation from all kinds of problems, including the problems we are currently facing regarding the Riau and Natuna airspace. Keywords: Bilateral Agreement, Flight Information Region, Riau Islands and Natuna.
Studi Kasus Putusan Permanent Court Arbitration (PCA) Tentang Sengketa Kepemilikan Zina Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) Laut Cina Selatan Antara Republik Rakyat Cina (RRC) And Philipina Indra Wahyudi; Muh. Risnain; Diva Pitaloka
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v1i1.2974

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis dasar pertimbangan Permanent Court Arbitration (PCA) dalam memutus perkara konflik Laut Cina Selatan antara Philipina dan Republik Rakyat Cina (RRC) serta untuk menganalisis dampak dari putusan tersebut terhadap perkembangan hukum laut internasional khusunya yang berkaitan dengan Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif . Jenis penelitian dalam penulisan skripsi ini yaitu penelitian hukum normatif, dengan metode Pendekatan kasus (Case Approach ). Pendekatan Perjanjian Internasioanl, Pendekatan Historis, Pendekatan Konseptual ( Conseptual Approach). Adapun hasil dan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yakni, Permanent Court Arbitration dalam pertimbangan-pertimbangannya terhadap putusan(Award) menyatakan bahwa, pengajuan pertama ini mencerminkan suatu keluhan tentang sumber hak maritim di Laut Cina Selatan dan tentang klaim RRC atas hak bersejarah. Bahwa Hak maritim RRC di Laut China Selatan, tidak dapat melampaui yang secara tegas diizinkan oleh Konvensi PBB tentang Hukum Laut. Apa yang disebut “ Nine Dash Line ” bertentangan dengan Konvensi dan tanpa efek hukum sejauh melebihi batas-batas geografis dan substantif hak maritim China yang secara tegas diizinkan oleh UNCLOS. Pasca putusan ( Penghargaan), perkembangan hukum laut internasional tidak mengalami perubahaan yang signifikan, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE). Dalam putusannya PCA memberikan penegasan bahwa, Klaim Historis tidak serta merta dapat memberikan suatu Negara hak terhadap Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE).
Abuse Of Power And The Right Of Inviolability By Foreign Diplomats (A Case Study Of Espionage By The Australian Ambassador Against Indonesia In 2013) Denda Retno Pirdayanti; Muh. Risnain; Diva Pitaloka
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v2i2.4575

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the abuse of diplomatic power by foreign diplomats, focusing on the case of Australian espionage against Indonesia in 2013. It evaluates the impact of this espionage on diplomatic relations, trust between the two nations, and the legal implications under international law, including state responsibility. This study employs normative legal research methods, combining document analysis, case studies, and a review of international legal literature. The findings highlight violations of international law, a deterioration in diplomatic relations, and a decline in trust. It underscores the need for fair enforcement of laws addressing breaches of diplomatic immunity. This research emphasizes the principles of international law, the responsibility of states for unlawful actions by diplomats, and the importance of strict oversight to uphold the integrity of diplomatic relations.
The The Right to Life Based on The International Covenant on Civil And Political Rights And Its Application In Indonesian National Law Abdul Kadir Zaylani Muhtar; Muh. Risnain; Zunnuraeni
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v2i2.5031

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and understand the protection of the right to life under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and its application in Indonesia. It also seeks to evaluate whether its implementation in Indonesian national law, particularly concerning terrorism, narcotics, and corruption crimes, aligns with the mandates of the ICCPR. The research methodology used is normative legal research. The findings indicate that the right to life as regulated by the ICCPR and its implementation in Indonesia are consistent and non-contradictory, including the application of the death penalty for terrorism, narcotics, and corruption crimes. This is because the ICCPR restricts the death penalty to the most serious crimes, and these three crimes fall into that category.
Immunity Of Foreign Embassies From Jurisdiction Of Indonesian Industrial Relations Court Of Indonesia (A Case Study of Decision Number 376 K/Pdt.Sus-Phi/2013) Fahar Fatoni; Muh. Risnain; Diva Pitaloka
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v2i2.5120

Abstract

This research aims to determine the position of foreign embassies within the jurisdiction of the Indonesian Industrial Relations Court under the 1961 Vienna Convention and the implementation of foreign embassies’ diplomatic immunity by the Industrial Relations Court in Decision Number 376 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2013. This research uses a normative research method, employing both an international agreement approach and a conceptual approach. Foreign embassies enjoy several broad immunities from the jurisdiction of the receiving country. Courts in Indonesia cannot necessarily hear or decide cases involving foreign embassies. A special agreement is needed that allows diplomatic agents to comply with applicable laws in Indonesia, and this must be submitted separately. Diplomatic representatives are parties who can be involved in industrial relations dispute cases at the Industrial Relations Court. Under the 1961 Vienna Convention, these immunities and privileges are not absolute, and the receiving country has the power to reject diplomatic representation considered problematic or persona non grata.
Kerja Sama Internasional Dalam Penegakan Hukum Atas Kejahatan Perdagangan Orang Antar Negara Rafly Muzhaffar Rizqullah; Muh. Risnain; Lalu Guna Nugraha
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v2i2.5230

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan kerjasama internasional dalam penanganan kejahatan perdagangan orang transnasional dalam perspektif hukum internasional dan hukum nasional serta mengetahui pelaksanaan kerjasama internasional dalam penanganan kejahatan perdagangan orang di Indonesia. Metode penelitian, jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Jenis, dan sumber bahan hukum, bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan studi pustaka. Analisis bahan hukum menggunakan metode penafsiran. Simpulan, pengaturan kerjasama internasional atas kejahatan orang antar negara telah termuat dalam konvensi internasional yaitu diawali konvensi Palermo, dan selanjutnya terlaksana konvensi ASEAN. Selain itu, Indonesia juga telah menciptakan Undang-Undang No. 21 Tahun 2007 yang menjadi Dasar hukum pertama bagi Indonesia untuk memerangi kejahatan perdagangan orang. Bentuk penegakan hukum atas kejahatan perdagangan orang akan selalu didasarkan pada unsur-unsur dari penegakan hukum yaitu kepastian hukum, kemanfaatan hukum dan keadilan hukum.
Protection of The Rights of Rohingya Children as Refugees in Indonesia From The Perspective of International Law And Indonesian National Law Lina Yulia Nopiyanti; Muh. Risnain; Diva Pitaloka
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v2i2.5714

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the forms of human rights (HR) protection for Rohingya ethnic refugee children. Additionally, it examines the implementation of human rights protections. This study employs normative legal research using a statutory approach, utilizing secondary data sourced from literature studies, documents, and expert views. The protection of human rights for Rohingya refugee children is regulated in various international conventions, covering the most fundamental (non-derogable) rights, including the right to education, health, freedom of religion, and others. Measures to protect the human rights of the refugee children involve legal steps that adopt several legislative policies related to child protection, including refugee children, as well as steps to engage in international cooperation with organizations like the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) and IOM (International Organization for Migration).