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Increased Hardness Value of Medium Manganese Steel Through Double Tempering, Hot Rolling, and Variation of Cooling Media Tjahjono, Arif; Pramesti, Firly Giska; Frendyta, Nadya Salsabila; Paristiawan, Permana Andi
Jurnal Ilmu Fisika Vol 16 No 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jif.16.1.79-87.2024

Research has been conducted to enhance the hardness value of medium manganese steel through a heat treatment. Initially, this process begins with austenization at a temperature of 900°C, followed by tempering at 650°C and double tempering at 600°C, with each stage lasting 30 minutes. Subsequently, each stage concludes with a hot rolling process, after which air or water cools the material. As a result of these processes, the hardness tests revealed an increase in the hardness of medium manganese steel, reaching up to 389.70 BHN with a tensile strength of 827 MPa, which was notably achieved through air cooling. This significant increase in hardness is attributed to the emergence of the martensite phase and the presence of a large number of carbides, which are more evenly distributed after the double-tempering process. Additionally, small amounts of carbides were observed in the austenite matrix. Upon examination of the SEM fractography results, it was revealed that the fracture was mixed, with a cleavage area slightly larger than the dimple area. This observation suggests that despite its high hardness value, the sample retains good toughness.

Crashworthiness Performance Study of 3D-Printed Multi-Cell Tubes Hybridized with Aluminum Under Axial Quasi-Static Testing Ardiansyah, Riki; Indriani, Fitri Karina; Hidayat, Dony; Tjahjono, Arif; Nurrohmad, Abian; Marta, Aryandi
Automotive Experiences Vol 7 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.12247

This study investigates the crashworthiness performance of 3D-printed hybrid tubes, fabricated using PLA and PACF filaments with varying shell thicknesses (1, 1.5, and 2 mm). The hybrid tubes, composed of a shell, aluminum, and multi-cell structure, were subjected to axial quasi-static testing. Results indicate that both shell thickness and filament type significantly influence crashworthiness. PLA specimens with a shell thickness of 2 mm absorbed 504 J of energy, whereas PACF specimens with the same thickness absorbed only 342.9 J. The deformation mode analysis revealed mixed deformation patterns, including diamond, fracture, and fragmented modes. The study also evaluated specific energy absorption (SEA) and crushing force efficiency (CFE). The PLA specimen with a 2 mm shell thickness exhibited the highest SEA value of 18.61 J/g among all specimens. In contrast, the PACF specimen with the same shell thickness demonstrated the highest CFE value of 0.82 among the tested specimens. Overall, this research contributes insights into the design optimization of 3D-printed hybrid tubes for enhanced crashworthiness.

Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon From Biomass Waste as A Microwave Absorber Material Nuras, Muhammad Ishaq; Saptari, Sitti Ahmiatri; Tjahjono, Arif; Priambodo, Danang Pamungkas; Haiqal, Amanda
Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics AL-FIZIYA JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, GEOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS VOL.7, N
Publisher : Physics Study Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/fiziya.v7i1.41310

Excessive use of electronic technology can result in harmful radiation and electromagnetic interference, which pose risks to human health. To address this issue, researchers developed a material designed to absorb electromagnetic waves. The study focused on synthesizing and characterizing activated carbon derived from biomass waste, including water hyacinth, melinjo seed shells, and chicken eggshells, with the goal of reducing electromagnetic wave interference. The research process involved several key steps: washing the biomass materials, followed by carbonization, activation using a 65% KOH solution, and subsequent characterization of the material. The tests revealed that the activated carbon possessed a porous structure, which is essential for its absorption capabilities. The surface areas measured were 4.378 m²/g for water hyacinth, 2.518 m²/g for melinjo seed shells, and 2.992 m²/g for chicken eggshells. These surface areas are indicative of the material's potential effectiveness. Additionally, the microwave absorption capacities of the activated carbon were recorded as -18.342 dB for water hyacinth, -13.326 dB for melinjo seed shells, and -12.484 dB for chicken eggshells. These findings suggest that the activated carbons are highly effective as microwave absorber materials, with an absorption efficiency ranging between 94% and 98%.Excessive use of electronic technology can result in harmful radiation and electromagnetic interference, which pose risks to human health. To address this issue, researchers developed a material designed to absorb electromagnetic waves. The study focused on synthesizing and characterizing activated carbon derived from biomass waste, including water hyacinth, melinjo seed shells, and chicken eggshells, with the goal of reducing electromagnetic wave interference. The research process involved several key steps: washing the biomass materials, followed by carbonization, activation using a 65% KOH solution, and subsequent characterization of the material. The tests revealed that the activated carbon possessed a porous structure, which is essential for its absorption capabilities. The surface areas measured were 4.378 m²/g for water hyacinth, 2.518 m²/g for melinjo seed shells, and 2.992 m²/g for chicken eggshells. These surface areas are indicative of the material's potential effectiveness. Additionally, the microwave absorption capacities of the activated carbon were recorded as -18.342 dB for water hyacinth, -13.326 dB for melinjo seed shells, and -12.484 dB for chicken eggshells. These findings suggest that the activated carbons are highly effective as microwave absorber materials, with an absorption efficiency ranging between 94% and 98%.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MALAPARI PRESS CAKE, MALAPARI SHELL, AND CASSAVA PEEL A'yuni, Sayida Ma'wa; Kumila, Biaunik Niski; Tjahjono, Arif
Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics AL-FIZIYA JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, GEOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS VOL.7, N
Publisher : Physics Study Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/fiziya.v7i2.46256

Activated carbon is increasingly used in various applications, prompting researchers to innovate by utilizing biomass as a source for activated carbon. This study used biomass waste from malapari press cake, malapari shell, and cassava peel. The process involved carbonizing the samples at 500°C for 2 hours, chemical activation using a 65% (w/v%) KOH solution at a 1:4 ratio, stirring with a magnetic stirrer at 120°C and 300 rpm for 2 hours, followed by physical activation at 550°C for 1 hour, and BET & SEM-EDS testing. Based on the BET test results, the surface area of the samples increased overall between pre- and post-activation. The highest increase in surface area occurred in cassava peel, which increased from 7.916 m²/g to 294.303 m²/g. Meanwhile, the malapari press cake increased from 3.122 m²/g to 11.445 m²/g, and the malapari shell increased from 12.773 m²/g to 105.320 m²/g. SEM-EDS characterization revealed that cassava peel contained the highest carbon content at 67.02%, and after activation, each sample exhibited porous surfaces, uneven textures, and various pore shapes. ImageJ software analysis showed cassava peel had the smallest pore size at 123.209 nm, compared to malapari press cake at 234.721 nm and malapari shell at 217.419 nm. These results indicate that samples with larger surface areas tend to have smaller average pore sizes.

Microwave Absorption Potential of La0.7[X0.95Y0.05]0.3MnO3 with Dual-Doped Sites {XY = (Ca,Ba), (Ca,Sr), and (Sr,Ba)} Apriatin, Apriatin; Saptari, Sitti Ahmiatri; Tjahjono, Arif
Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics AL-FIZIYA JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, GEOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS VOL.7, N
Publisher : Physics Study Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/fiziya.v7i2.47935

The technology in the field of electronic devices is currently advancing in line with the increasing usage by humans. This continuous and growing usage also increases the amount of microwave radiation generated. This leads to wave interference that can disrupt the functionality of application devices. Absorbing materials are a type of material that functions as a microwave absorber. This study engineered lanthanum manganate material, specifically La0.7[X0.95 Y0.05]0.3MnO3 {XY = (Ca,Ba), (Ca,Sr), and (Sr,Ba)}, synthesized using the sol-gel method. The X-Ray Diffraction characterization results showed that each sample has a single-phase orthorhombic structure with a space group of Pbnm (62). The Scanning Electron Microscope–Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy characterization revealed particle morphology with varying particle size distributions on a micro-scale. Based on Vibrating Sample Magnetometer results, the samples La0.7[Ca0.95Ba0.05]0.3MnO3 and La0.7[Ca0.95Sr0.05]0.3MnO3 exhibit paramagnetic properties, while La0.7[Sr0.95Ba0.05]0.3MnO3 exhibits superparamagnetic properties. Through Vector Network Analyzer characterization, it was found that lanthanum manganate doped with Ca, Ba, and Sr demonstrated high electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities, achieving an absorption rate of 97%–98% at frequencies of 10–10.5 GHz. Thus, La0.7[X0.95 Y0.05]0.3MnO3 {XY = (Ca,Ba), (Ca,Sr), and (Sr,Ba)} is a potential candidate as a microwave-absorbing material.

DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF INSULATED PIPES USING DIGITAL DETECTOR ARRAY DAN COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY Tjahjono, Arif; Pratama, Elfriani Dita; Hanuarjie, Baskan; Saptari, Sitti Ahmiatri; Kumila, Biaunik Niski
Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics AL-FIZIYA JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, GEOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS VOL.8, N
Publisher : Physics Study Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/fiziya.v8i1.46385

The provision of insulation on the pipe functions to prevent heat transfer, but the provision of this insulation causes the pipe to be susceptible to damage due to oxidation. In this study, an analysis of damage to insulated pipes will be carried out using a Digital Detector Array (DDA), Computed Radiography (CR), and XRF. Based on the test results, it is known that the image quality using DDA with a voltage of 240 kV produces the most optimal contrast resolution. The results of the thickness dimension measurement using the DDA method on insulated pipes are 3.38 mm, and on insulated pipes with artificial defects are 4 mm. Compared with the CR method, the values are 3.02 mm and 3.94 mm, respectively. The smaller the difference, the more accurate. From the calculation of the ISee software, it is also known that the DDA method can detect a greater number of defects, namely 24, compared to the CR method, which has only 14. The results of the XRF test show that the insulated pipe includes low-carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.057% and 94% ferrum. This high ferrous content contributes to increased X-ray absorption, greatly affecting the images quality.

Increased Hardness Value of Medium Manganese Steel Through Double Tempering, Hot Rolling, and Variation of Cooling Media Tjahjono, Arif; Pramesti, Firly Giska; Frendyta, Nadya Salsabila; Paristiawan, Permana Andi
Jurnal Ilmu Fisika Vol 16 No 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jif.16.1.79-87.2024

Research has been conducted to enhance the hardness value of medium manganese steel through a heat treatment. Initially, this process begins with austenization at a temperature of 900°C, followed by tempering at 650°C and double tempering at 600°C, with each stage lasting 30 minutes. Subsequently, each stage concludes with a hot rolling process, after which air or water cools the material. As a result of these processes, the hardness tests revealed an increase in the hardness of medium manganese steel, reaching up to 389.70 BHN with a tensile strength of 827 MPa, which was notably achieved through air cooling. This significant increase in hardness is attributed to the emergence of the martensite phase and the presence of a large number of carbides, which are more evenly distributed after the double-tempering process. Additionally, small amounts of carbides were observed in the austenite matrix. Upon examination of the SEM fractography results, it was revealed that the fracture was mixed, with a cleavage area slightly larger than the dimple area. This observation suggests that despite its high hardness value, the sample retains good toughness.

PEMBUATAN PADUAN INTERMETALIK Mg2Si DENGAN DOPING BISMUTH SEBAGAI MATERIAL TERMOELEKTRIK: Synthesis of Bismuth Doped Mg2Si Intermetallic Alloy as a Thermoelectric Material Adi Chandra, Septian; Saprila Suherman, Mila; Tjahjono, Arif; Roberto, Rahadian; Pria Utama, Dedi; Noer Syahid, Adi; Yunan Hasbi, Muhammad; Dwi Yudanto, Sigit
Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/JKEM.9.2.6

Increasing efficiency in gasoline fuel consumption in motorized vehicles is currently continuing. One way this is done is by making use of the energy that is lost during the combustion of a motorcycle engine. About half of the energy produced during burning will be lost due to heat energy and exhaust gases. This waste heat can be utilized by converting it into another form of energy. Thermoelectric materials are those that can convert heat energy into electricity directly. Thus, in this work, we synthesized the bismuth-doped Mg2Si thermoelectric material using a solid-state reaction method using a powder in a sealed tube technique. The initial step in the production process involves measuring the raw materials bismuth, silicon, and magnesium using the Mg2Si1-xBix formula (x = 0.00, 0.025, and 0.045). The raw material powder is grinded in a shaker mill before being sealed in a stainless steel tube. The powder is sealed in a tube and heated to 800 °C for 6 hours. According to XRD test results, the Mg2Si phase and Si and MgO phases have formed. The lattice constant of the cubic Mg2Si phase was found at ~0.636 nm. A SEM investigations of surface morphology suggest that bi-doping on Si sites influences grain size refinement. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Mg2Si intermetallic alloy production process was successfully completed.

The Effects of Tempering and Cooling Media on The Strength of Hadfield Steel Sukmayanti, Putri; Tjahjono, Arif; Paristiawan, Permana Andi
Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics AL-FIZIYA JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, GEOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS VOL.6, N
Publisher : Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/fiziya.v6i2.36379

Hadfield steel is a steel known for its good toughness, but it often experiences damage due to excessive loads. In this study, an analysis of the heat treatment process was conducted on Hadfield steel to enhance its strength through homogenization at a temperature of 850°C and tempering at 600°C with a holding time of 30 minutes, followed by a rolling process with a 20% reduction. The data analysis results indicate that the sample cooled using water as the cooling media produced the most optimum strength. This is evident from its tensile strength value, which reached 941 MPa, with a grain size of 3.51 µm. Although its hardness value 351.98 BHN is slightly lower compared to the sample cooled with air, the difference is not significant. The metallographic observations show that there is a phase change in the sample. Initially, the sample only had an austenite phase during the homogenization process. However, after undergoing tempering, there is a phase change to austenite, ferrite, martensite, and carbide phases. This change will result in an increase in the strength of Hadfield steel.

Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon From Biomass Waste as A Microwave Absorber Material Nuras, Muhammad Ishaq; Saptari, Sitti Ahmiatri; Tjahjono, Arif; Priambodo, Danang Pamungkas; Haiqal, Amanda
Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics AL-FIZIYA JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, GEOPHYSICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS VOL.7, N
Publisher : Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/fiziya.v7i1.41310

Excessive use of electronic technology can result in harmful radiation and electromagnetic interference, which pose risks to human health. To address this issue, researchers developed a material designed to absorb electromagnetic waves. The study focused on synthesizing and characterizing activated carbon derived from biomass waste, including water hyacinth, melinjo seed shells, and chicken eggshells, with the goal of reducing electromagnetic wave interference. The research process involved several key steps: washing the biomass materials, followed by carbonization, activation using a 65% KOH solution, and subsequent characterization of the material. The tests revealed that the activated carbon possessed a porous structure, which is essential for its absorption capabilities. The surface areas measured were 4.378 m²/g for water hyacinth, 2.518 m²/g for melinjo seed shells, and 2.992 m²/g for chicken eggshells. These surface areas are indicative of the material's potential effectiveness. Additionally, the microwave absorption capacities of the activated carbon were recorded as -18.342 dB for water hyacinth, -13.326 dB for melinjo seed shells, and -12.484 dB for chicken eggshells. These findings suggest that the activated carbons are highly effective as microwave absorber materials, with an absorption efficiency ranging between 94% and 98%.Excessive use of electronic technology can result in harmful radiation and electromagnetic interference, which pose risks to human health. To address this issue, researchers developed a material designed to absorb electromagnetic waves. The study focused on synthesizing and characterizing activated carbon derived from biomass waste, including water hyacinth, melinjo seed shells, and chicken eggshells, with the goal of reducing electromagnetic wave interference. The research process involved several key steps: washing the biomass materials, followed by carbonization, activation using a 65% KOH solution, and subsequent characterization of the material. The tests revealed that the activated carbon possessed a porous structure, which is essential for its absorption capabilities. The surface areas measured were 4.378 m²/g for water hyacinth, 2.518 m²/g for melinjo seed shells, and 2.992 m²/g for chicken eggshells. These surface areas are indicative of the material's potential effectiveness. Additionally, the microwave absorption capacities of the activated carbon were recorded as -18.342 dB for water hyacinth, -13.326 dB for melinjo seed shells, and -12.484 dB for chicken eggshells. These findings suggest that the activated carbons are highly effective as microwave absorber materials, with an absorption efficiency ranging between 94% and 98%.

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