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All Journal IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Jurnal Polimesin
Umi Kulsum
Universitas Qomaruddin
Automotive Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Performance evaluation of a laboratory-scale Pelton turbine under variable nozzle distance and valve opening Aini Lostari; Didik Sugiono; Miftahul Ulum; Umi Kulsum; Yudi Hartono
Jurnal Polimesin Vol 24, No 3 (2026): June
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jpl.v24i3.8200

Abstract

Pelton turbines are impulse turbines widely used in micro-hydro power systems operating under high-head and low-flow conditions. Their performance depends strongly on the quality of the water jet impacting the runner buckets, which is influenced by nozzle distance and valve opening. This study experimentally investigated the effects of nozzle distance (60, 70, and 80 mm) and valve opening (30°, 60°, and 90°) on the hydraulic power, turbine power, electrical power, and efficiency of a laboratory-scale Pelton turbine. Turbine rotational speed was measured using a tachometer, while voltage and current were measured using a multimeter to determine power output. The results showed that increasing the valve opening increased hydraulic, turbine, and electrical power due to higher flow rate and jet kinetic energy. However, the turbine efficiency showed non-linear behavior because it was influenced by the quality of the jet and the effectiveness of momentum transfer. The maximum turbine power of 10.52 Watts and electrical power of 10.58 Watts were obtained at a nozzle spacing of 80 mm and a valve opening of 90°. Meanwhile, optimum efficiency was achieved at a nozzle distance of 80 mm and a valve opening of 30%, indicating that optimum conditions do not always occur at maximum flow. The results of this study indicate that the combination of nozzle distance and valve opening significantly influences Pelton turbine performance and is important for optimizing laboratory-scale micro-hydro systems.
Investigasi Experimental Jumlah Sudu Dan Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Performa Turbin Savonius Tipe S Didik Sugiono; Shultoni Mahardika; Aini Lostari; Novi Indah Riani; Umi Kulsum; Baharuddin Putra Pamungkas
IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Vol 5 No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : CV. IRA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56862/irajtma.v5i1.399

Abstract

Wind energy is a potential renewable energy source in Indonesia, but the relatively low wind speed requires efficient turbine technology. The Savonius turbine has become an alternative choice for generating electrical energy. This research aims to determine the performance of the Savonius type-S turbine with blade numbers of 3, 5, and 7 at different wind speeds. The method used was an experiment conducted in a laboratory-scale wind tunnel simulator, with testing conducted across three blade configurations at wind speeds of 6, 7, and 8 m/s. The research results show that the 3-blade turbine achieves optimal torque at all wind speeds, with a maximum of 0.24 Nm at 8 m/s. The maximum wind power is obtained with the 7-blade turbine, reaching 167 watts at 8 m/s. The optimal turbine power also occurs with the 3-blade configuration, with the highest value being 10.30 watts at 8 m/s. The highest turbine efficiency is achieved by the 7-blade turbine, which is 31.85% at 8 m/s. Based on these results, it is concluded that the number of blades affects the performance characteristics of the Savonius type-S turbine. The 3-blade configuration produces the best torque and turbine power, while the 7-blade configuration excels in wind power and efficiency.
Co-Authors Aini Lostari Baharuddin Putra Pamungkas Didik Sugiono Miftahul Ulum Novi Indah Riani Shultoni Mahardika Yudi Hartono