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Febri Kurnia Manoppo
Hoseo University

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Hierarchy without Domination: Dalihan Natolu as a Relational Model of Justice and Religious Moderation among the Batak Febri Kurnia Manoppo; Jenri Ambarita
Penamas Vol 39 No 1 (2026): Volume 39, Issue 1, January-June 2026
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31330/penamas.v39i1.1082

Abstract

This study examines the paradox of ‘dalihan natolu’, the Batak kinship system: how a hierarchy based on inherited roles produces egalitarian relationships whilst simultaneously underpinning religious moderation. This paradox is difficult to explain through John Rawls’s liberal theory of justice, which is grounded in individualism and the equality of basic freedoms, and thus regards ascriptive hierarchies as the antithesis of justice. Building on Rawls, this study interprets the dalihan natolu through the paradigm of relational justice and the theory of reciprocal exchange, asking: through what mechanisms and within what limits can different roles produce fairness and equality? Data were collected qualitatively through in-depth interviews, participatory observation and audiovisual content analysis. The findings reveal asymmetrical equality: rotating reciprocal obligations counterbalance an advantage in one relationship with a subordinate position in another, preventing hierarchies from solidifying into permanent domination. This mechanism transcends religious divides, whilst leaving gender tensions and the burden of customary obligations unresolved. Dalihan natolu challenges the liberal assumption that ascriptive roles preclude justice, whilst simultaneously promoting inter-religious, kinship-based religious moderation.
ART IN THE RUMAGHES UMBANUA OF LAIKIT VILLAGE: NEGOTIATING CHRIST TRANSFORMING CULTURE AND COLLABORATIVE PLURALISM Jekson Berdame; Alrik Lapian; Febri Kurnia Manoppo; Tri Oktavia Hartati Silaban
Al-Qalam Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Publisher : Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31969/alq.v32i1.1755

Abstract

This study examines the cultural transformation of Rumaghes Umbanua in Laikit Village, North Minahasa,as a contemporary reconfiguration of the traditional Dumia Umbanua ritual into a public celebration ofgratitude shaped by interreligious participation and artistic performance. While previous studies haveexplored Minahasan thanksgiving traditions from pastoral, culinary, and ritual perspectives, limitedattention has been given to the role of art as a theological and social medium in pluralistic contexts. Thisresearch addresses that gap by analyzing how artistic expressions function as agents of contextual theologyand collaborative pluralism. Using a qualitative descriptive–interpretive approach, data were collectedthrough participatory observation, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, artists,and community members, as well as document analysis of cultural and historical archives. The findingsindicate that artistic practices including Kabasaran dance, bamboo and kolintang music, interfaith choirperformances, and traditional attire serve not merely as aesthetic components but as performative spacesin which theological meanings, cultural identities, and interreligious relations are actively negotiated.Through the lens of Richard Niebuhr’s Christ Transforming Culture, the study suggests that RumaghesUmbanua represents a dynamic model of contextual theology in which Christian values transform culturalsymbols without entirely erasing their historical significance. At the same time, the findings highlight theambivalent nature of collaborative pluralism, in which inclusion is shaped by implicit power relations andnegotiated boundaries of representation. This study contributes to the discourse on contextual theology bypositioning art as an active theological mediator and a public instrument for social cohesion, identity reconstruction, and intercultural dialogue in multireligious societies