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All Journal JOPS (Journal Of Pharmacy and Science)
Rifda Naufa Lina
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Evaluasi Penurunan Skala Nyeri pada Pasien Pasca Seksio Caesarea dengan Injeksi Ketorolac dengan NRS dan FPS : Evaluasi Penurunan Skala Nyeri pada Pasien Pasca Seksio Caesarea dengan Injeksi Ketorolac dengan NRS dan FPS Annis Rahmawaty; Gunawan Firmansyah; Rifda Naufa Lina
JURNAL FARMASI DAN MAKANAN Vol 9 No 1 (2025): Journal of Pharmacy and Science
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Abdurrab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36341/jops.v9i1.7033

Abstract

Caesarean section (SC) is a surgical procedure to address complications during childbirth, a complication that is often experienced by post-SC patients is pain. Adequate pain management is important to ensure optimal recovery of post-SC patients. This study aimed to evaluate the decrease in the pain scale of post-SC patients after the use of Ketorolac injection. This study uses an observational study design with a retrospective analytical approach. The study sample is the medical records of post-SC patients who received Ketorolac injection as an analgesia in the February-April 2023 period. The sampling technique used accidental sampling according to the criteria totaling 89 people. The data collected included the demographic characteristics of the patient, the pain scale using NRS, FPS before and after the use of Ketorolac injection. The results of the study showed the age characteristics of pregnant women who had the most SC at the age of 26-30 years. The use of Ketorolac injection lowered the pain scale of post-SC patients with moderate and mild pain levels as evidenced by 85.3% of respondents experiencing a decrease in pain. Pain reduction after ketorolac injection averaged 1-2 pain scales with a duration of 2-4 hours after administration. The NRS,FPS pain assessment method can be used effectively in measuring the decrease in the pain scale of post-SC patients. Adequate post-SC pain management using Ketorolac injection can be an option to improve the quality of care for post-SC patients
Hubungan Antara Obat Yang Digunakan Terhadap Kejadian Kausalitas Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) dengan Menggunakan Skala WHO UMC Pada Pasien Congestive Heart Failure Annis Rahmawaty; Rifda Naufa Lina; Gunawan Firmansyah
JURNAL FARMASI DAN MAKANAN Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Journal of Pharmacy and Science
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Abdurrab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36341/jops.v9i2.8015

Abstract

Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) are often prescribed combination therapy, which may lead to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). ADRs assessment can be performed using the WHO-UMC scale by considering the clinical pharmacological aspects of the case history, as well as the quality of documentation and patient observation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the number of drugs used and the causality of ADRs based on the WHO-UMC scale in patients with Congestive Heart Failure. Data were collected prospectively during June 2025 from 58 patients with a duration of CHF of more than one year at RSI Sunan Kudus. The sampling technique used was total sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively using an observational approach, while the correlation analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact Test. The results showed that the majority of patients were aged 45–59 years, accounting for 29 patients (50%). ADRs were more frequently observed in male patients, with 36 cases (62.1%), compared to female patients, with 22 cases (37.9%). there are 49 comorbid diseases in patients. The most frequently reported ADR was dizziness, occurring in 17 cases (24.6%), while the most common causality category based on the WHO-UMC scale was “possible,” found in 36 cases. Most patients received more than five medications, with 44 cases reported. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between the number of medications used and the causality of ADRs based on the WHO-UMC scale in patients with Congestive Heart Failure. The greater the number of medications administered, the higher the risk of ADRs.
Co-Authors Annis Rahmawaty Gunawan Firmansyah