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All Journal AGROLOGIA : Jurnal Ilmu Budidaya Tanaman JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN Molluca Journal of Chemistry Education (MJoCE) International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research MAKILA: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Jurnal Pertanian Kepulauan West Science Interdisciplinary Studies West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Agricultural Power Journal
Pieter J Kunu
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pattimura
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences

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Journal : Agricultural Power Journal

 1 
Spatial Modeling of Agricultural Carbon Footprints: Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Based on Livestock Population and National NPK Fertilizer Consumption Saida; Pieter J. Kunu; Andi Apriany Fatmawaty
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 1 (2026): February, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i1.154

Abstract

This study addresses the critical challenge of balancing national food security with climate mitigation by developing a spatial model of Indonesia's agricultural carbon footprint. Amid global Net Zero Emissions efforts, it identifies geographical "hotspots" of non- CO2 greenhouse gases using secondary data from the Ministry of Agriculture and PT Pupuk Indonesia (2020–2024). Applying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC Tier 1 methodology, this study estimates methane (CH4) emissions from livestock enteric fermentation and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from NPK fertilizer consumption. GIS-based spatial analysis reveals significant clustering patterns, with East Java contributing 26.54% of national livestock methane emissions based on 2023 livestock population data. While methane dominates in total emission volume, N2O emissions from NPK fertilizer application demonstrate higher atmospheric persistence and global warming potential. Statistical analysis indicates that fertilizer management explains 78% of the variance in soil emissions (np2 = .78), confirming that nutrient input is a primary determinant of soil-based carbon flux variability. These findings are supported by spatial autocorrelation results and provincial emission estimates, which identify major emission clusters along Java Island and South Sulawesi agricultural corridors, highlighting the need for region-specific mitigation strategies.
Deconstructing National Food Security: A Spatial Analysis of Paddy Field Conversion and Rice Production Volatility Based on Area Frame Sampling (AFS) Data Luh Putu Suciati; Pieter J. Kunu
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 1 (2026): February, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i1.150

Abstract

This study analyzes the structural vulnerability of national food security by examining the spatial impact of paddy field conversion on rice production volatility. Production instability is influenced by several key factors, including land-use change, climate-related harvest failures, and the degradation of primary irrigation infrastructure. Using the Area Frame Sampling (AFS) approach from 2020 to 2024, this research integrates remote sensing data with field observations to measure the loss of productive agricultural land. The results reveal a 4.22% decline in the national harvest area. In Java, the conversion of technically irrigated paddy fields leads to an estimated loss of 11.4 tons of Milled Dried Grain (MDG) per hectare annually, reflecting a significant reduction in production capacity due to the disappearance of multi-cropping systems. Spatial regression analysis shows a strong relationship (R² = 0.78) between infrastructure expansion and rice supply instability. This finding indicates that irreversible land-use change, rather than yield fluctuation, is the primary driver of production volatility. The results suggest that national food security is approaching a critical threshold. Therefore, the study recommends implementing a moratorium on paddy field conversion, strengthening field-level spatial monitoring, integrating food security policies, and providing fiscal incentives to protect remaining agricultural land.
Co-Authors A. Rumakat Abraham Talahaturuson Alfredo Manusama Andi Apriany Fatmawaty, Andi Apriany Ardiansa, Ardiansa Arief Yanto Rukmana Charles Silahooy Claudia F Talaud Gun Mardiatmoko H. Hamzah Husen Salampessy Jusuph J Wattimury Kaya, Elizabeth Laimeheriwa, Semuel Lela Uyara Luh Putu Suciati Luhukay, Marcus Makaruku, Eunike L Matulessy, Riddo Charles Meilisa Nusawakan Osok, Rafael M Panggua, Merson Risamasu, Robby. G. Roosganda Elizabeth ROOSGANDA ELIZABETH Rudi Soplanit Said Ar Assagaf Saida Silwanus M Talakua Silwanus M. Talakua Silwanus Talakua Siregar, Adelina Sri Rahmi Sulandjari, Kuswarini Talakua, Silwanus M Yosias Marthen Pesulima Yusthinus T. Male Zakarias Frans Mores Hukom