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All Journal Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Enigma in Law
Caelin Damayanti
Department of Humanity, Bright Institute, Palu, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences

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Unwarranted or Warranted? A Jurimetric Analysis of Custodial-Sentence Disparity in Indonesian Corruption Cases after the 2020 Supreme Court Sentencing Guideline Muhammad Hasan; Caelin Damayanti
Enigma in Law Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Enigma in Law
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/law.v3i2.125

Abstract

Sentencing disparity has long been diagnosed as a structural weakness of Indonesian anti-corruption enforcement, yet most scholarship remains doctrinal or confined to single-court case studies. This article applies a jurimetric (quantitative-empirical) approach to measure the magnitude, structure, and predictors of custodial-sentence disparity in corruption (tindak pidana korupsi) cases four years after the Supreme Court issued sentencing guidelines through Regulation No. 1 of 2020. An original dataset of 47 first-instance convictions for state-financial-loss corruption (Articles 2 and 3) decided in 2024 was hand-coded from the Supreme Court Decision Directory across eight Special Criminal Courts spanning Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara. Custodial term, statutory fine, and court-ordered restitution were analysed using dispersion statistics (coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient), the Kruskal–Wallis and Brown–Forsythe tests, rank correlation, and ordinary-least-squares regression. Custodial sentences ranged from 5 to 180 months (mean 34.7; median 24) with a coefficient of variation of 0.91 and a Gini coefficient of 0.42; court means differed by a factor of 3.5. The magnitude of state financial loss was significantly but only moderately associated with sentence length (Spearman rho = 0.53; ordinary-least-squares R-squared = 0.26), leaving roughly three-quarters of variance unexplained. Among defendants receiving the identical modal fine, sentences still varied 7.2-fold. On the balance of evidence, a substantial share of the disparity is plausibly unwarranted, indicating that the 2020 guideline has not yet delivered structured proportionality. The study supplies a replicable coding protocol and open dataset for large-N replication and grounds a concrete de lege ferenda reform agenda.
Integrating Kearifan Lokal (Local Wisdom) with Climate Adaptation Strategies: A Participatory Action Research on Enhancing Community Resilience and Achieving SDG 13 in Indonesia's Coastal Communities Jasmila Tanjung; Caelin Damayanti; Neva Dian Permana; Andi Fatihah Syahrir; Hesti Putri; Aman Suparman; Susi Diana
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i2.45

Abstract

Coastal communities in Indonesia face existential threats from climate change. Conventional top-down adaptation strategies often fail due to a disconnect from local socio-ecological realities, overlooking a critical resource: traditional ecological knowledge, or kearifan lokal. This study investigates a knowledge co-production model that synergizes kearifan lokal with modern climate science to build community resilience. We employed a 24-month, mixed-methods Participatory Action Research (PAR) design in three highly exposed coastal villages in North Java, Indonesia. Ethical protocols, including Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC), were foundational. Qualitative data were gathered from in-depth interviews (n=30), focus groups (n=12), and ethnographic observation. Quantitative data came from a pre-test/post-test household survey (n=450) measuring a validated, multi-dimensional Community Resilience Index (CRI). Interventions were co-designed, blending traditional practices like the pranata mangsa (ethno-astronomical calendar) and the wana tirta (mangrove philosophy) with scientific recommendations. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze changes in CRI scores. The co-designed strategies led to a statistically significant increase in the mean CRI from a baseline of 2.8 (SD=0.65) to 4.2 (SD=0.48) post-intervention (p<0.001). Significant improvements were observed across all resilience dimensions, most notably in Economic Capital (+59.1%) and Adaptive Capacity & Governance (+51.7%). The revitalization of practices such as the restoration of 50 hectares of mangroves, guided by both wana tirta principles and scientific species selection, enhanced coastal protection and local livelihoods. In conclusion, the co-production of knowledge, facilitated through a PAR framework, is a potent mechanism for building effective, culturally embedded, and sustainable climate resilience. This model empowers communities as active agents in their adaptation journey and offers a scalable, evidence-based pathway for achieving SDG 13 in Indonesia and other climate-vulnerable nations.
Beyond Tenure: A Quasi-Experimental Causal Analysis of Community Forest Management on Peatland Biodiversity, Carbon Stocks, and Management Efficacy in Sumatra Jasmila Tanjung; Sarah Armalia; Jovanka Andina; Caelin Damayanti
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i1.54

Abstract

Indonesia's Hutan Desa (HD, Village Forest) program is a cornerstone of global social forestry, yet its causal ecological impacts remain contested. Rigorous, counterfactual-based evidence is urgently needed to validate this policy intervention, particularly in globally critical peat-swamp landscapes. This study employed a quasi-experimental design, using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to construct a statistically balanced sample of 40 HD (treatment) and 40 non-HD (control) village units in Sumatran peatlands. We analyzed data from 400 1-hectare permanent sample plots (5 plots nested per village). We assessed floral diversity (Shannon-Wiener Index, H'), faunal presence, and ecosystem carbon stocks (Above-Ground, AGB; Soil Organic Carbon, SOC). Causal impacts were quantified using Linear Mixed-Effects Models (LMMs) to account for the nested data structure. We further analyzed the "treatment effect" by modeling dose-response relationships for permit duration and management intensity. After matching, LMMs revealed that HD management has a significant positive causal effect on all ecological outcomes. Floral diversity was significantly higher in HD plots (H' = 2.92) versus control plots (H' = 2.18; F(1, 78) = 48.21, p < 0.001). Total ecosystem carbon stocks (AGB + SOC in top 100cm) were 36% higher in HD units (255.1 Mg C ha⁻¹) compared to controls (187.3 Mg C ha⁻¹; F(1, 78) = 53.09, p < 0.001). This was driven by a significant preservation of SOC. Dose-response models further showed that ecological benefits (such as AGB) accumulate significantly with increased permit duration and that higher management intensity is a strong predictor of biodiversity. In conclusion, our findings provide robust, hierarchical evidence that HD management is an effective conservation and climate mitigation strategy. By establishing tenure, enabling active stewardship, and, crucially, protecting peatland hydrology, the HD model delivers verifiable, causal improvements to biodiversity and carbon stocks.
Co-Authors Aman Suparman Andi Fatihah Syahrir Hesti Putri Jasmila Tanjung Jovanka Andina Muhammad Hasan Neva Dian Permana Sarah Armalia Susi Diana