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All Journal Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Enigma in Education Enigma in Law
Sarah Armalia
Department of Natural Sciences, Barelang Study Center, Tanjung Pinang, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences Other

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Frugal Innovation in Education: Designing and Evaluating Low-Bandwidth, Asynchronous Learning Systems for Remote Indonesian Schools Hesti Putri; Maya Enderson; Jasmila Tanjung; Matilda Munoz; Sarah Armalia; Jovanka Andina; Kevin Setiawan; Sudarto Sudarto; Khalil Jibran; Jasmine Alieva
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.95

Abstract

The promise of educational technology (EdTech) to democratize learning in Indonesia is consistently undermined by a profound digital divide, particularly in remote and archipelagic regions where internet connectivity is poor and infrastructure is limited. This study explores the application of frugal innovation principles as a direct and context-aware strategy to address this challenge. A multi-phase, mixed-methods Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology was employed over 18 months. The study involved the collaborative design, development, and implementation of "Lentera," a low-bandwidth, asynchronous, and offline-first learning system, in six remote primary schools in the Maluku Islands. A quasi-experimental design compared three intervention schools with three control schools over one academic year. Data collection was extensive, including pre- and post-intervention literacy and numeracy assessments, System Usability Scale (SUS) surveys, system usage logs, semi-structured interviews with 18 teachers, and over 80 hours of classroom observation. Data were analyzed using a two-level Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) to account for the clustered nature of students within schools. The Lentera system demonstrated high feasibility and positive user adoption, with offline peer-to-peer sharing proving to be a critical feature for content distribution. Quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant and substantial improvement in learning outcomes for the intervention group in both literacy (γ = 11.85, p < 0.001) and numeracy (γ = 12.91, p < 0.001) compared to the control group, after controlling for pre-test scores. The mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score was 78.5, indicating well-above-average usability. Qualitative findings, drawn from a wide range of teacher interviews and classroom observations, highlighted the system's effectiveness in supporting student-centered, differentiated instruction and fostering teacher collaboration, aligning with the core principles of Indonesia's Kurikulum Merdeka. The study provides compelling evidence that frugal innovation, embodied in a context-aware learning system, presents a viable, effective, and scalable pathway to enhancing educational quality and equity in resource-constrained environments.
Governing the Commons in the Anthropocene: A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Sasi Customary Law's Efficacy in Marine Conservation and Climate Resilience in the Maluku Islands Grace Freya Purba; Farah Faiza; Evelyn Wang; Aaliyah El-Husaini; Benyamin Wongso; Sarah Armalia
Enigma in Law Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Law
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/law.v3i1.97

Abstract

The escalating pressures of the Anthropocene, characterized by climate change and biodiversity loss, demand effective and equitable conservation paradigms. This study investigates Sasi, a form of customary marine tenure in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia, as a potential model for sustainable resource management and climate resilience. A mixed-methods, comparative longitudinal approach was employed across six coastal villages from 2015 to 2025. Three villages actively practicing Sasi were compared with three non-Sasi control villages. Quantitative data included underwater visual censuses for fish biomass, line-intercept transects for coral cover, and household surveys (n=300) to assess socio-economic conditions and climate resilience indicators. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (n=60), focus group discussions (n=12), and participant observation to understand the governance mechanisms and community perceptions of Sasi. Sasi villages exhibited significantly higher mean fish biomass (4.5 ± 0.8 t/ha) compared to non-Sasi villages (1.9 ± 0.6 t/ha) (p<0.001). Live coral cover was more robust in Sasi sites, showing greater resistance to bleaching events. Socio-economically, Sasi communities reported higher, more stable fishing incomes and perceived greater food security. Qualitative analysis revealed that the efficacy of Sasi is driven by strong social cohesion, legitimate authority of the Kewang (customary guardians), and adaptive management informed by traditional ecological knowledge. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that Sasi customary law is a highly effective institution for marine conservation, contributing significantly to ecological health and community climate resilience. The study underscores the critical importance of integrating customary governance systems into national and global conservation strategies to address the complex challenges of the Anthropocene.
Beyond Tenure: A Quasi-Experimental Causal Analysis of Community Forest Management on Peatland Biodiversity, Carbon Stocks, and Management Efficacy in Sumatra Jasmila Tanjung; Sarah Armalia; Jovanka Andina; Caelin Damayanti
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i1.54

Abstract

Indonesia's Hutan Desa (HD, Village Forest) program is a cornerstone of global social forestry, yet its causal ecological impacts remain contested. Rigorous, counterfactual-based evidence is urgently needed to validate this policy intervention, particularly in globally critical peat-swamp landscapes. This study employed a quasi-experimental design, using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to construct a statistically balanced sample of 40 HD (treatment) and 40 non-HD (control) village units in Sumatran peatlands. We analyzed data from 400 1-hectare permanent sample plots (5 plots nested per village). We assessed floral diversity (Shannon-Wiener Index, H'), faunal presence, and ecosystem carbon stocks (Above-Ground, AGB; Soil Organic Carbon, SOC). Causal impacts were quantified using Linear Mixed-Effects Models (LMMs) to account for the nested data structure. We further analyzed the "treatment effect" by modeling dose-response relationships for permit duration and management intensity. After matching, LMMs revealed that HD management has a significant positive causal effect on all ecological outcomes. Floral diversity was significantly higher in HD plots (H' = 2.92) versus control plots (H' = 2.18; F(1, 78) = 48.21, p < 0.001). Total ecosystem carbon stocks (AGB + SOC in top 100cm) were 36% higher in HD units (255.1 Mg C ha⁻¹) compared to controls (187.3 Mg C ha⁻¹; F(1, 78) = 53.09, p < 0.001). This was driven by a significant preservation of SOC. Dose-response models further showed that ecological benefits (such as AGB) accumulate significantly with increased permit duration and that higher management intensity is a strong predictor of biodiversity. In conclusion, our findings provide robust, hierarchical evidence that HD management is an effective conservation and climate mitigation strategy. By establishing tenure, enabling active stewardship, and, crucially, protecting peatland hydrology, the HD model delivers verifiable, causal improvements to biodiversity and carbon stocks.
Co-Authors Aaliyah El-Husaini Benyamin Wongso Caelin Damayanti Evelyn Wang Farah Faiza Grace Freya Purba Hesti Putri Jasmila Tanjung Jasmine Alieva Jovanka Andina Kevin Setiawan Khalil Jibran Matilda Munoz Maya Enderson Sudarto Sudarto