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All Journal Narra J Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP)
Marwati Marwati
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Universitas Almarisah Madani, Makassar, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Phytochemical profiling and enzyme inhibitory activity of Sterculia populifolia DC stem bark extract and fractions against elastase and tyrosinase Nur Khairi; Nursamsiar Nursamsiar; Novi F. Utami; Marwati Marwati; Syamsu Nur; Maulita Indrisari; Sukriani Kursia
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i3.1778

Abstract

The demand for natural ingredients in cosmetic and medical applications is steadily increasing, particularly for anti-aging and skin-lightening products. Sterculia populifolia DC, a member of the Sterculia genus, is known to contain diverse bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids, which may offer pharmacological benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging potential of S. populifolia stem bark extract and its solvent-partitioned fractions through enzyme inhibition assays coupled with phytochemical profiling. The stem bark was extracted using 96% ethanol via maceration, followed by sequential liquid-liquid partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Phytochemical constituents were characterized using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The inhibitory activities of the extract and fractions against tyrosinase and elastase enzymes were evaluated using spectrophotometric assays, with kojic acid and quercetin as positive controls, respectively. IC₅₀ values were calculated to quantify enzyme inhibition potency. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed key bioactive compounds, including 4-[(E)-(3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl]phenol, isofraxidin, and (22E)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one. Among the tested samples, the ethanol extract exhibited the most potent activity, with an IC₅₀ of 93.35 µg/mL for elastase inhibition and 133.15 µg/mL for tyrosinase inhibition—classified as strong and moderate activity, respectively. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that S. populifolia stem bark extract possesses promising anti-aging and depigmenting properties, supporting its potential development as a natural bioactive ingredient in cosmetic and skincare formulations.
Antibacterial Activity of Hand Sanitizer Spray Containing Green Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Marwati Marwati; Siti Mujayana; Zahwa Adiyanti; Siti Nur Afni; Muhammad Sholeh; Ildah Amaliah; Muh Erwin; Nur Khairi
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacy (JECP) Vol 6, No 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52365/jecp.v6i2.1672

Abstract

Green betel (Piper betle L.) leaf has traditionally been used as a medicinal plant and is known to contain various bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties, including flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, essential oils, and terpenoids. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of a hand sanitizer spray containing active isolates of P. betle leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. P. betle leaves were extracted using the sonication method with 96% ethanol as solvent. The compounds were separated using conventional chromatography and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity was evaluated at concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% using the inhibition zone method. The most active isolate was subsequently formulated into a hand sanitizer sprays. The results showed that a yellow isolate (10 mg) was obtained from P. betle leaves. FTIR characterization indicated the presence of OH, CH, C=O, and sp² CH functional groups. The antibacterial activity test demonstrated that the 1% isolate concentration produced the largest inhibition zone, measuring 9.97 mm against P. aeruginosa and 10.6 mm against S. aureus. The formulated hand sanitizer spray exhibited significantly higher inhibition zones of 19.37 mm against P. aeruginosa and 20.9 mm against S. aureus, while also meeting acceptable physical stability parameters. These findings suggest that green betel leaf isolate has potential as a natural antibacterial agent in hand sanitizer sprays.
Co-Authors Ildah Amaliah Khairi, Nur Maulita Indrisari Muh Erwin Muhammad Sholeh Novi F. Utami Nur Khairi Nursamsiar Nursamsiar Siti Mujayana Siti Nur Afni Sukriani Kursia Syamsu Nur Zahwa Adiyanti