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Pidana Mati Bersyarat: Pergeseran Filosofi Pemidanaan Dari Retributif Ke Rehabilitatif Dalam KUHP Nasional Aditia, Fanita; Setiawan, Beni; Kusuma Sumantri, Aditya; Ambron Ritonga, Wildan
PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/pampas.v7i1.52904

Abstract

Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code introduced the concept of conditional death penalty as a radical innovation in the Indonesian penal system. This study aims to analyze the normative construction of conditional death penalty as a manifestation of the shift in the paradigm of punishment from a retributive to a rehabilitative orientation. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and philosophical approach. Primary legal materials include the National Criminal Code and related laws and regulations, while secondary legal materials include doctrine, punishment theory, and relevant scientific literature. This study reveals that conditional death penalty is the result of a dialectical synthesis between the retributive and rehabilitative paradigms that produces a fundamental philosophical paradox. The main findings of the study indicate: First, the construction of conditional death penalty creates an ambiguous ontological status for convicts—"living in the shadow of death" during a ten-year probationary period, which is contrary to the principle of human dignity. Second, there is an epistemological contradiction in the parameters of "commendable attitudes and actions" as the basis for criminal conversion, considering that moral transformation is not something that can be verified objectively and scientifically. Third, efforts to transform the "death row phenomenon" from a torturous waiting period into a hopeful probationary period actually creates prolonged uncertainty that violates the principle of legal certainty. Fourth, this retributive-rehabilitative synthesis fails to achieve systemic coherence because it is impossible to rehabilitate someone back into society while the threat of execution remains. This study concludes that the conditional death penalty, rather than being a progressive solution, actually creates juridical-philosophical complexity that questions the ability of the national criminal justice system to realize dignified justice and true legal certainty. ABSTRAK Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana mengintroduksi konsep pidana mati bersyarat sebagai inovasi radikal dalam sistem pemidanaan Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi normatif pidana mati bersyarat sebagai manifestasi pergeseran paradigma pemidanaan dari orientasi retributif menuju rehabilitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan filosofis. Bahan hukum primer meliputi KUHP Nasional dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, sedangkan bahan hukum sekunder mencakup doktrin, teori pemidanaan, dan literatur ilmiah relevan. penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa pidana mati bersyarat merupakan hasil sintesis dialektis antara paradigma retributif dan rehabilitatif yang menghasilkan paradoks filosofis fundamental. Temuan utama penelitian menunjukkan: Pertama, konstruksi pidana mati bersyarat menciptakan status ontologis terpidana yang ambigu—"hidup dalam bayang-bayang kematian" selama masa percobaan sepuluh tahun, yang bertentangan dengan prinsip martabat manusia. Kedua, terdapat kontradiksi epistemologis dalam parameter "sikap dan perbuatan terpuji" sebagai basis konversi pidana, mengingat transformasi moral bukanlah sesuatu yang dapat diverifikasi secara objektif-ilmiah. Ketiga, upaya mentransformasi "death row phenomenon" dari masa tunggu yang menyiksa menjadi masa percobaan penuh harapan justru menciptakan ketidakpastian berkepanjangan yang melanggar asas kepastian hukum. Keempat, sintesis retributif-rehabilitatif ini gagal mencapai koherensi sistemik karena mustahil merehabilitasi seseorang untuk kembali ke masyarakat sementara ancaman eksekusi tetap menggantung. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pidana mati bersyarat, alih-alih menjadi solusi progresif, justru menghasilkan kompleksitas yuridis-filosofis yang mempertanyakan kemampuan sistem pemidanaan nasional dalam mewujudkan keadilan bermartabat dan kepastian hukum yang hakiki.
The Implications of Foreign Investment Limitations on 'The End Justifies the Means' Practices within the Indonesian Investment Sector M. Aidil Akbar; Wildan Ambron Ritonga; Rifqi Pratama Putra
Rechtsvinding Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Civiliza Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59525/rechtsvinding.1372

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implications of Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 49 of 2021 on the emergence of "the end justifies the means" practices by foreign investors within joint venture companies in Indonesia. Although this regulation provides investment facilities to stimulate national economic growth, certain strategic sectors remain subject to foreign ownership restrictions. A primary issue arises when domestic investors face financial constraints in fulfilling the required majority shareholding portions. This condition leads to legal smuggling practices by foreign investors seeking full corporate control, notably through nominee shareholder mechanisms. This legal research highlights how the capital disparity between foreign and domestic investors triggers the use of trusteeship agreements or dummy corporations, which are strictly prohibited under Indonesian law. The findings suggest the necessity of strengthening legal frameworks and oversight to balance foreign investment interests with national economic sovereignty
Criminalization Of Cohabitation In The National Criminal Code And The Problems Of Proving It According To The 2025 Criminal Procedure Law: Reconstruction Of The Element Of “Living Together As Husband And Wife” From A Fair Trial Perspective Wildan Ambron Ritonga; Aditiarman Aditiarman; Aditya Kusuma Sumantri; Beni Setiawan; Fanita Aditia
JURNAL HUKUM SEHASEN Vol 12 No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Dehasen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37676/jhs.v12i1.11846

Abstract

Cohabitation is a social reality in the form of cohabitation between two people as a married couple without a legally recognized marital bond. Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code criminalizes it through Article 412, but the formulation of “living together as husband and wife outside of marriage” leaves the issue of conceptual boundaries, duration, patterns of domestic relations, and space for state intervention in private life. This research discusses two problems: the regulation of cohabitation crimes in the National Criminal Code and the construction of proof according to Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Criminal Code. The research uses normative legal methods with limited legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, through a prescriptive analysis of primary legal materials and eighteen attached scientific articles. The results of the study show that Article 412 is a complaint offense that has a formal character and continues, so it is not enough to prove the existence of two people in one place or the alleged intercourse. The elements of delinquency must be built from the continuity of residence, the establishment of a factual household, social representation as a couple, and the absence of a valid marriage. The 2025 Criminal Code expands evidence through Article 235 and recognizes electronic evidence in Article 242, but also requires authentication, legality of acquisition, and judicial testing. The study concluded that the effectiveness of Article 412 enforcement depends on layered evidentiary standards that limit speculation, protect privacy, and prevent criminalization based on moral prejudice.