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Forging Digital Pathways to Prosperity: A Mixed-Methods Inquiry into Digital Literacy, Community Entrepreneurship, and Sustainable Development Goal Attainment in Rural Indonesia Grace Olivia Silalahi; Delia Tamim; Sandro Louise Oliveirra; Abdul Malik; Muhammad Faiz
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i2.47

Abstract

The proliferation of digital technology presents a monumental opportunity for economic development, yet its benefits remain unevenly distributed, particularly in the rural regions of developing nations like Indonesia. This study investigates the critical role of digital literacy as a catalyst for community entrepreneurship, and its subsequent impact on achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1 (No Poverty) and Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed across three diverse rural regencies in Indonesia. The initial quantitative phase involved a multi-stage cluster survey of 525 rural entrepreneurs, with data analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test hypothesized relationships. The subsequent qualitative phase comprised 30 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs and community leaders, selected purposively from the quantitative sample. Interview data were analyzed using rigorous thematic analysis to explain and enrich the statistical findings. The PLS-SEM analysis revealed that digital literacy has a significant, positive direct effect on both entrepreneurial intention (b=0.451, p<0.001) and entrepreneurial performance (b=0.382, p<0.001). Entrepreneurial performance, in turn, was a strong predictor of progress toward SDG 1 (b=0.523, p<0.001) and SDG 8 (b=0.610, p<0.001). Qualitative findings identified three core mechanisms facilitating these relationships: (1) the use of digital platforms as a gateway to expanded markets, (2) the vital role of informal, peer-to-peer social networks in digital skill acquisition, and (3) the translation of individual entrepreneurial success into community-wide economic benefits through local job creation and value chain development. In conclusion, digital literacy is a foundational capability that directly empowers rural entrepreneurs, driving local economic performance and accelerating progress toward key SDGs. These findings underscore the necessity of moving beyond infrastructure-centric policies to holistic strategies that cultivate digital skills through community-based learning and support the integration of digital tools into local enterprises.
A Solvent-Free, Mechanochemical Process for Sustainable Recycling of Neodymium and Dysprosium from E-Waste Magnets Khairul Raziqin; Arya Ganendra; Abdul Malik
Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/nasetjournal.v5i2.73

Abstract

The escalating demand for rare earth elements (REEs), particularly neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy), for high-performance NdFeB magnets, has created significant supply chain vulnerabilities and environmental concerns associated with primary mining. End-of-life electronic waste (e-waste) represents a substantial secondary resource for these critical materials. This study introduces a novel, environmentally benign approach for recovering Nd and Dy from waste NdFeB magnets. A solvent-free mechanochemical process was developed and optimized. Waste NdFeB magnet powder, sourced from discarded hard disk drives collected in Indonesia, was co-milled with ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) in a high-energy planetary ball mill. The influence of key process parameters, including milling time (60-360 min), milling speed (200-500 rpm), and the mass ratio of NH₄Cl to magnet powder (1:1 to 5:1), on the extraction efficiency of Nd and Dy was systematically investigated. The structural and morphological transformations were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Metal recovery was quantified via subsequent water leaching and analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The mechanochemical treatment successfully converted the insoluble rare earth phases within the magnet matrix into water-soluble rare earth chlorides. Under optimal conditions—a milling time of 240 minutes, a speed of 400 rpm, and a NH₄Cl-to-magnet mass ratio of 3:1—the process achieved remarkable extraction efficiencies of 98.6% for Nd and 96.2% for Dy. XRD analysis confirmed the transformation of the Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase into REE chlorides, alongside iron and iron boride phases. SEM imaging revealed a significant reduction in particle size and the formation of agglomerated composite particles, crucial for the solid-state reaction. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that solvent-free mechanochemistry is a highly effective and sustainable alternative to conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods. The process operates at ambient temperature, eliminates the need for corrosive acids and organic solvents, and exhibits high recovery rates, presenting a viable pathway towards a circular economy for critical rare earth elements from e-waste.