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All Journal Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Research
Bizhar Ahmed Tayeb
University of Szeged
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Engineering Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Microbiological Examination of Imported Cosmetic Products in the Kurdistan/Iraq Market: A Comprehensive Analysis Yousif Hamed Mohamed-sharif; Bizhar Ahmed Tayeb; Farhad Ramadhan Choli; Hivi Salim Khamo; Mohammed Mahmood Ibrahim
Viva Medika Vol 17 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Harapan Bangsa

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Abstract

The presence of diverse nutrient levels in cosmetics can facilitate microbial proliferation. Typically, bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella spp. are implicated in the contamination of cosmetic products. It is highly plausible that the microorganisms identified in cosmetic items emanate from contaminated water sources. The primary aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive microbial analysis of specific brands of cosmetics frequently utilized in Iraqi communities. The scrutinized products encompassed a range of items, including hair shampoo, hair conditioner, skin cream, wet wipes, toothpaste, liquid soap, and baby shampoo. Within the scope of this investigation, 84 cosmetic products were examined, revealing a contamination rate of 7.14%. Predominantly, bacterial contamination was identified, with an absence of fungal contamination. Notably, hair shampoo exhibited the highest level of contamination among the examined products categories. The recovery of total viable bacterial counts was observed across all contaminated samples, including coliforms, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas sp. The findings of the microbial investigation indicate an elevated concentration of total viable microorganisms in all samples. Consequently, these compromised products pose substantial health risks to consumers
Development of a Pilot Chatbot to Detect Interactions Between Monotherapy and Combination Therapy with Captopril Using a Local (LLM) in Cardiovascular Therapy Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma; Afriza Pujiati; Khamdiyah Indah Kurniasih; Siti Setianingsih; Bizhar Ahmed Tayeb; Nur Arifin Akbar; Muhammad Syaiful Aliim
Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/jahir.v4i1.422

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension and heart failure, remain major contributors to global morbidity and mortality and frequently require long-term polypharmacy. The concurrent use of multiple medications increases the risk of drug–drug interactions (DDIs), which may reduce therapeutic effectiveness, increase toxicity, and contribute to adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to develop and validate a locally deployed large language model (LLM)-based chatbot for detecting drug–drug interactions involving captopril in both monotherapy and combination therapy settings. A development and validation study was conducted using DDI data obtained from DrugBank and Drugs.com. The chatbot was developed using the LLaMA-3 model integrated with LangChain, Ollama, and FastAPI and was evaluated through iterative testing and 5-fold cross-validation. System performance was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), while usability was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Single Ease Question (SEQ) questionnaires completed by pharmacists. The chatbot demonstrated progressive performance improvement throughout development and achieved excellent performance during final validation involving 300 drug pairs, with an accuracy of 99.0%, sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 98.0%, PPV of 100.0%, and NPV of 92.0%, exceeding all predefined acceptance thresholds. Usability testing indicated only fair to moderate usability, with a mean SUS score of 65.0 and a mean SEQ score of 5.0, suggesting that further refinement of the user interface and workflow may be required. The locally deployed LLM-based chatbot demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic performance and preliminary feasibility for captopril-related DDI screening. Although the system showed promising classification performance, additional usability optimization and evaluation in real-world clinical workflows are needed before broader implementation can be considered as a pharmacist-supportive screening system.
Co-Authors Afriza Pujiati Farhad Ramadhan Choli Hivi Salim Khamo Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma Khamdiyah Indah Kurniasih Mohammed Mahmood Ibrahim Muhammad Syaiful Aliim Nur Arifin Akbar Siti Setianingsih Yousif Hamed Mohamed-sharif